mohammad ghorbanzadeh

Ovarian reserve is one of the most important factors that influences the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Recently, the role of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) in ART has been investigated as a marker for the prediction of ovarian response. We aim to examine this relationship within a large Iranian population.

In this cross-sectional study, we obtained data from 1000 infertile couples who referred to the Research and Clinical Centre of Yazd Infertility Clinic for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Serum AMH levels, oocyte count, numbers of fertilised oocytes, endometrial thickness, and percentage of mature oocytes were measured. The relationship between AMH serum levels and the number and quality of oocytes and embryos in ART cycles was analysed.

In the linear regression model, the log of the variables total dose of gonadotropin, two pronuclei (2PN), log oestradiol, total embryos, duration of stimulation, number of embryos transferred, protocol, and cause of infertility were significant predictors of log AMH.

There appears to be a relationship between serum AMH levels in the early follicular phase and ovarian reserve. Higher serum AMH levels were also associated with shorter ART cycles.

One of the main functions of the Interpol organization in the international arena is to coordinate the police activities of the member states in order to effectively return criminal assets. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to identify the capabilities of Interpol in the field of maximum recovery of assets caused by corruption.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and reliable library sources have been used to collect data.

The research findings show; In the fight against corruption, especially the return of assets caused by corruption, Interpol has adopted new innovative approaches with the cooperation of member countries and regional and international institutions. The result of the research shows; The various situations of return of assets caused by corruption by Interpol are different, depending on whether the criminal is identified in one of the member states of the said organization or whether this identification is not possible. In addition to this, the Interpol organization foresees special mechanisms in order to coordinate domestic law enforcement units in order to return assets resulting from crimes and plays a role in this direction. including: "Global anti-corruption and financial crimes program", "STAR program or "global contact point network", "program for empowering member states and development of national contact network" and "issuing police notices, especially silver notices".

According to the relevant laws of Iran as well as the rules of international law, the responsibility of doctors towards patients can be moral or legal, and the legal responsibility or warranty itself will have a civil and criminal aspect. Medical responsibility is the responsibility of the doctor for the damages that he causes to the patient and these damages are caused by the performance of medical duties. The civil liability of doctors in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012 is that if the doctor is not at fault in knowledge and practice, there is no guarantee for him, even though He has not been acquitted. In fact, the new penal law has accepted the basis of fault and not negligence, while previously the presumption of fault was taken into account. It is further explained that the treatments performed by the doctor are examined from two criminal and civil aspects. These medical and surgical practices will not be a crime if there are conditions stipulated in Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012. Although the proper place to propose regulations related to the civil liability of the doctor is in the civil law, there is no specific regulation in this regard in the civil law, and most of the regulations related to the doctor's guarantee are in the criminal laws. Despite the fact that the conditions of non-criminal liability are the same, unfortunately, the legislator has not followed a single basis regarding the civil liability of the doctor. Before the revolution, the civil liability of the doctor was based on fault according to the generality of the civil liability law approved in 1339. After the revolution, in various laws, including the Diet Law approved in 1361 and the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1370, the civil responsibility of the doctor has been recognized as pure responsibility. The rule of pure responsibility of the doctor has many supporters in jurisprudence, so that it is a famous saying regarding the doctor's guarantee. According to this famous fatwa, the legislator of our country has also approved the same sentence in various laws, for example, articles 319 and 321 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1370, and following the famous sentence, the only way to acquit the doctor is to acquit the doctor, which has been able to some extent. Adjust the laws governing the doctor's responsibility. In the international community, this issue has been considered by jurists. For example, in 1989, the Supreme Court of France commented on this for the first time and made legislation regarding the wrong transfer of embryos. According to the criminal law of this country, the people responsible during the wrong transfer, including doctors and nurses, and institutions that These actions are under its supervision, they are prosecuted according to their perpetrators and have criminal and civil liability. The doctor's guarantee regarding the wrong transfer of the fetus, which means the legal responsibility of the doctor for the wrong transfer of the fetus in its real mother to another woman, creates a compulsory guarantee for the wrongful doctor and a criminal guarantee for him or her (Article 1 comment) 495) approved in 2012, it is assumed that the doctor is not at fault, even if he has not been acquitted, or one can adhere to the general rule of freedom of contracts in Article 10 of the Civil Law and identify the responsibilities from this point of view. The parents of the person born from this mistake and his lineage, how to obtain the criminal guarantee due to the wrong transfer of the embryo, is raised.

This research is a descriptive-analytical type of research, and it was done in terms of collecting information in a library method and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information was analyzed and analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way.

The historical course of the doctor's guarantee confirms the absolute responsibility of the doctor in the previous law and the granting of freedom of action in the penal law approved in 2012 according to legal articles 158, 495, 496, 497, which has uncovered the legal gaps of this profession, although with the comparative review of the laws Internationally, the civil liability of the wrongful doctor in embryo transfer is accepted, and in Iran's related laws, in addition to the civil liability of the doctor, it is accepted in the theory of presumption of fault or forced guarantee.

In Iran's legal system, unlike other legal systems, there is no difference between the wrong transfer of an embryo and the transfer of an embryo in good faith, and in both cases, the doctor's responsibility is burdened. On the other hand, embryo transfer is done in embryo transfer centers today as an organizational activity, and therefore, the doctor's supervision in these cases should not be considered as his sole responsibility.

Peace is the main essence of all religions and pacifism is the goal that all religions have offered solutions for. In Razavi culture, based on principles such as justice, intellectual and social development, tolerance and forgiveness, peace is considered one of the most fundamental principles in international relations. Creating peace, before it is a material act, is a spiritual matter that relies on honoring the real human rights; and unlike the international legal literature, which is equivalent to a negative concept; it is not limited to the absence of war, rather, beyond that, it is a positive concept that means peaceful coexistence with the preservation of human dignity. This research, which was carried out in a descriptive and analytical way, indicates that in Razavi culture, contrary to the unrealistic and ethnocentric view of some western orientalists such as Bernard Lewis, Huntington, etc., who present Islam as a religion incompatible with peace and democracy and a source of violence and terrorism, Islam is the messenger of peace and friendship, and it has the ability to present a new and comprehensive theory compared to other theories and theoretical paradigms in the field of international relations; because the realm of implementing peace in Razavi culture includes peace in a general sense in addition to peace in a specific sense. In this culture, contrary to what is mentioned in the literature of the law of armed conflicts, there is no preemptive legal defense, because peace is a sacred thing and Jihād is a humanitarian action in the direction of spreading peace and security in the light of divine sovereignty, negation of tyranny, defense of the oppressed, and fight against injustice.

Increasing number of countries over the world are enshrining in their constitutions the right for citizens to follow and participate in proceedings in their own language. Court interpreters work in civil, criminal and administrative courts to ensure just that. At an international level, several courts (the International Criminal Court, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda amongst others) have established specialized language services that make use of conference interpreters in a legal setting. Court interpretation is a service provided by a court certified interpreter who is trained to interpret between English and one or more foreign languages. Interpreters work with a number of different individuals in the court system and are able to communicate directly with the individual they’re working with, providing a necessary line of communication between that individual and other representatives of the court. A certified court interpreter carries a lot of responsibility in their role. Everything one interprets from a person is taken as fact, which puts pressure on the interpreter to make sure these communications are as accurate as possible. In addition to the words used, appropriate context, tone, and implication must be considered. Also be used to provide the closest possible meaning of what was said to the court.

The infallibility of Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) is agreed upon by all Muslims, based on this belief, even the intention of committing a sin is prohibited for an innocent person, but some Muslim scholars, citing the appearance of verse 24 of Surah Yusuf and several weak hadiths, attributed the intention of committing a sin to Prophet Yusuf(PBUH). Some has also provided illogical interpretations for the verse.This research has analyzed and criticized the most important theories of interpretation with library method. The achievement of this research is the explanation and identification of the theory of belonging difference between "Hemat" and "Hem" in the two sentences "Hemat bah and Hem Baha".According to the sentences "Waratah al-ti ho fi baytha", "Hit Lak", "Mu'azallah" and "Anh man Ibadna al-Makhlasin", the belonging of "ham" of Zulaikha is committing a sin, but the property of the "ham" of Yusuf (PBUH) is preventing sin, not the intention to sin. That's why the word "Ham" is repeated twice to explain this difference.According to the "second difference theory" verse 24 means:Zulaikha intended to commit a sin with Yusuf, and Yusuf intended to stop hercommitting a sin and stop sinning by doing a preventive action.If God's proof had not come, Yusuf would have done the restraining action he intended.For this reason, God removed evil (accusation of adultery) and prostitution from Prophet Yusuf (PBUH).This is the absolute infallibility that all divine prophets, including Hazrat Yusuf, were ascribed to it.

Embezzlement is one of the economic crimes, which undermines public confidence. Embezzlement has a history parallel to the formation of the state. It has had a negative impact on people-government convergence and the economy since the formation of the nation-state in 1649. It has been mentioned in various domestic and international documents. However, there are differences between domestic and international anti-embezzlement platforms including the lack of criminalization of embezzlement in the private sector. There is also a lack of mechanism of international judicial assistance in embezzlement, non-explanation to elaborate on whistleblowing rules on combating embezzlement in Iranian domestic law and there is no warranty of effective international enforcement against embezzlement. The current research is practical as far as its aim is concerned and has been carried out by applied by a qualitative method and the data collection has been carried out through libraries and documents.

Zionist settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories which have been maintained since the establishment of the fake Zionist regime are considered as one of the main aspects of gross violations of international criminal law. In this study, by invoking the Four Geneva Conventions(1949) and their additional protocols(1977), the provisions of statutes of International Criminal Court and international case law , the authors seek to determine what are the concrete cases of violations of international criminal law resulting from the Zionist settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories. The result is that by crimes including the destruction of Palestinian houses and their prohibition from access to their natural recourses , severe deprivation of social and individual rights and the transfer of the civilian Zionist population into the occupied Palestinian territories , the Zionist Regime has committed war crimes under the article 8 of the statute of International Criminal Court. However, in exercising its jurisdiction ,International Criminal Court faces important challenges such as territorial jurisdiction, limiting the Court to exercise its jurisdiction following the 13 June 2014 and how to implement inspection

The Holy Quran is one of the main criteria for evaluating narrative texts, especially interpretive narrations. In this axis, researchers have emphasized more on the necessity of presenting the Holy Quran, but less has been discussed how to present the Holy Quran, and in this regard, a comprehensive model has not been presented, especially in the presentation of explanatory narrations on the Holy Quran. In this research, a comprehensive model is presented for the evaluation of interpretive narratives with the Quran using the descriptive-analytical method. The suggested model in this research are: 1. Obtaining the contents; 2. Avoiding prejudice; 3. Clarifying the vocabulary of the verse; 4. Examining the context of adjacent verses; 5. Paragraphing the verse to specify the clear and comprehensive points; 6. Explanation of the verse with the help of other verses; 7. Categorizing narrations and obtaining contents; 8. Deducing the ratio of hadiths with verses; 9. Presentation of hadiths to the Quran.

Investigating the potential global warming, greenhouse gas emissions and energy flow is one of the methods for comparing the agricultural systems in terms of environmental hazards. This research examines the energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O and CH4) in rapeseed in North khorasan province of Iran.

This research was studied separately in three regions of East, West and South in North Khorasan Province. Energy input values of rapeseed fields were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire in the 2020-2019 crop years.

The results showed that the total input energy was 33.33178 MJ.ha-1 and the total output energy was 128545.05 MJ.ha-1. Energy use efficiency was 3.87 and energy productivity was 0.06 kg/MJ.ha-1. Direct and indirect input energies were 61.77% and 38.23%, respectively, and renewable energies was 11.02% and non-renewable energies accounted 88.98% of the total energy input. The study of greenhouse gas emissions showed that CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions were estimated to be 1417.04, 3.09 and 1.90 kg.ha-1, respectively. The global warming potential was calculated as 2413.38 kg equivalent of carbon dioxide per hectare, with the share of CH41%, CO2 58% and N2O 41%.

The best area for rapeseed production in this province is the western area and the southern area is not a suitable area for the development of this crop. However, by managing energy consumption, planting date and managing the use of chemical fertilizers, energy efficiency in canola production in the southern region of North Khorasan province can be improved.

Zionist settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories which have been maintained since the establishment of the fake Zionist regime are considered one of the main aspects of gross violations of international criminal law. In this study, through invoking the Four Geneva Conventions(1949) and their additional protocols(1977), the provisions of statutes of International Criminal Court and international case law , the authors seek to determine what are the concrete cases of violations of international criminal law resulting from the Zionist settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories. The result is that by crimes including the destruction of Palestinian houses and their prohibition from access to their natural recourses , severe deprivation of social and individual rights and the transfer of the civilian Zionist population into the occupied Palestinian territories , the Zionist Regime has committed war crimes under the article 8 of the statute of International Criminal Court. However, in exercising its jurisdiction ,International Criminal Court faces important challenges such as territorial jurisdiction, limiting the Court to exercise its jurisdiction following the 13 June 2014 and how to implement inspection.

Different dimensions of life men in current world and complications are made related to society, lead to country require to comprehensive sight for national security studies to pass the foreside hard and soft threats. Insular sights related to national security studies does not respond to country current requirements certainly, and lead to amaze and failure the counterview against periphery threats. Governments by ribbing, obligate to maintain the self-security and their nations which in some cases these borders ended to a sea domain. Along with maritime rules, international regulations were legislated and governments must to regard them. maritime security matters are challenging, in this research we will study some of these challenges and counterview technics against them, which hazard the maritime security in Iran and legal gapes for counterview against them. It seems that depending on regional government structure and its territory and political geography status, regional security based on the cooperation of regional government, is the best way for maritime security.