mohammad reza karimi

Nowadays, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been introduced as one of the minimally invasive methods for disinfection of the surfaces of dental implants. Being derived from seaweed, Chlorella has been used as a photosensitizer in this study. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of aPDT with Chlorella on the rate of reduction of Streptococcus salivarius in vitro.

The minimum inhibitory concentration of Chlorella, the sublethal exposure to 660 nm diode laser irradiation, and the minimum sublethal dose of aPDT utilizing Chlorella against S. salivarius were determined. Finally, the CFU/mL value of each plate was calculated. Then, Tukey HSD and one-way ANOVA tests were utilized for comparison the number of colonies after the interventions.

A concentration of 250 μg/mL of Chlorella at an irradiation time of 3 minutes, was identified as a sublethal dose of aPDT for the reduction of S. salivarius. In contrast, the application of aPDT utilizing a 660 nm diode laser for 4 minutes in combination with Chlorella at a final concentration of 500 μg/mL, demonstrated significantly greater efficacy in reducing S. salivariuscompared to the other experimental groups (P < 0.001).

Chlorella 500 μg/mL mediated aPDT (660 nm, 4 minutes) has a significant effect on reducing S. salivarius count.

 Photobiomodulation (PBM) is considered a promising adjunctive approach in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to investigate the proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells to a collagen membrane following PBM.

 Cultured HGF cells on a collagen membrane received PBM at wavelengths of 808 nm, 915 nm (2 and 4 J/cm2), and 660 nm (2.1 and 4.2 J/cm2) in interventional groups, while non-irradiated cells served as the control. On days 1 and 3 post-irradiation, cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and adhesion to the membrane was assessed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM).

 Cell proliferation significantly increased in interventional groups compared to the control, with the most significant increase at 915 nm (4 J/cm2) in both time points. On the first day, the 808 nm and 660 nm lasers demonstrated similar results, significantly lower than the 915 nm laser (2 J/cm²). On day 3, the 660 nm, 808 nm, and 915 nm (2 J/cm²) groups showed comparable results. Qualitative analysis by the SEM identified spindle-shaped cells with multiple extended projections in 915 nm groups, especially at an energy density of 4 J/cm2. Groups of 660 nm and 808 nm (4 J/cm2) showed spindle-shaped cell morphology. No distinct cellular morphology indicative of enhanced adhesion was observed at 808 nm (2 J/cm2).

 The most effective PBM setup for promoting HGF proliferation and adhesion to a collagen membrane was identified at 915 nm (4 J/cm2)

This article has been prepared with the aim of identifying tax evasion procedures and knowing the situational prevention strategies in 5 main techniques and 25 sub-techniques. To make it difficult to commit crime, this study while emphasizing on creating justice and tax culture and strengthening the technology of the tax affairs organization and all-round cooperation of all government institutions and banks and other institutions under the payment of taxes, state prevention of tax evasion through increasing effort, increasing risks , considers reducing benefits, reducing sanctions and removing excuses to be effective in preventing tax evasion. Also, with field research and analysis of questionnaires conducted by the tax experts of Alborz General Administration of Taxation, the success and efficiency of preventive measures have been proven based on the results of the research with a test at the confidence level of 95%, the impact rate for each indicator based on The table shows the direct and positive impact of preventive measures.

Globalization, driven by modern communication technologies, has transformed the world and the global system since the late 1970s. This transformation initially impacted the economic sphere and subsequently extended to other domains such as politics and culture, to the extent that discussions increasingly focus on the role and position of culture and its effects on politics today. Culture is now also referred to as soft power because it has the ability to influence and change the preferences and behaviors of others. In today's world, the significance of culture is increasingly rising in comparison to hard power (military capabilities), and the field of international relations and the course of global developments have become deeply involved with and influenced by cultural factors. For each country, international credibility and influence among the public opinions of various nations, in its broadest sense, mean achieving soft power, which is one of the fundamental objectives in the realm of international politics. This goal is pursued in each country depending on its regional position, characteristics, resources, domestic conditions, and cultural capacities, using various methods.Therefore, this article, using an analytical and descriptive approach, seeks to examine the role, position, and method of cultural approaches in the foreign policy of countries and their impact on global developments, particularly in the case of Iran. Theresults indicate that culture plays a significant role in Iran's foreign policy and has profound effects on developments in international law. From a rich history and civilization to religion and language, all these factors contribute to shaping and directing Iran's foreign policies. At the same time, Iran's foreign policies, in turn, impact international laws and institutions, particularly in areas such as human rights, the nuclear program, combating terrorism, and economic sanctions.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 has been a serious threat to the health and lives of many people. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and its contributing factors in Covid-19 patients who were hospitalized in hospitals in Fars province.

This study is a hospital-based carried out on 119429 of Covid-19 hospitalized patients in the south of Iran within 2019 – 2022. Information of demographics and clinical characteristics, symptoms, and comorbidity of patients were extracted from medical records. The Kaplan–Meier curve and the Log rank test were used to compare survival rate in different groups. Cox regression was employed to determine the factors that affect survival.

The mean age of the participants was 51.5 year. The density incidence of death was estimated to be 16.8, 4.6, and 43.9 per 1000 person-days for all of patient, intensive care unit patients, and intubated patients, respectively. The Multiple Cox Regression results suggested that risk of mortality is 5.61 times higher in patients over 75 years, 3 times higher in patients admitted to the intensive care unit, and 3.4 times higher in intubated patients. Also, the risk of mortality was higher in men and those with underlying disease.

We found out that being elder, being a male, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, and being intubated would increase the risk of mortality. Thus, it is treatment management of hospitalized patients is necessary, especially elderly patients and those with underlying diseases.

Mathematical and statistical simulators can significantly reduce the management costs of wastewater treatment systems. This research aimed to predict the effluent quality of an urban wastewater treatment plant in Tehran using machine learning algorithms from 2017 to 2021.

This descriptive-analytical study utilized monitoring data from the influent and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant, which were prepared for analysis. In the second stage, the data were refined, processed, and converted into dummy variables to facilitate entry into data mining algorithms. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm and the M5 tree model were then evaluated to identify the best model for predicting the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the effluent. In this process, 70% of the data were allocated for training and 30% for validation using Python software. The best model was selected based on regression analysis, comparing the R² and RMSE indices.

The findings indicated that the ANN model, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.72, outperformed the M5 model, which had an R² of 0.68, in predicting the output COD concentration—an indicator of the treatment plant's efficiency. Additionally, regression analysis revealed that BOD₅ and TSS exhibited the highest correlation with CODout.

The results of the ANN and M5 models were within an acceptable range based on statistical indicators, demonstrating their potential for effectively estimating data in wastewater treatment plants.

This study investigated the effect of applying cyanoacrylate adhesive on clinical indices involved in the healing process of the palatal wound following free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 15 patients who required bilateral FGG harvesting were randomly assigned to two groups. In the suture group, the wound was closed by Vicryl 4-0 sutures; whereas in the control group, the wound closure and hemostasis were attained by applying a concentrated mixture of n-butyl and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The primary outcomes included pain according to a visual analog scale (VAS), discomfort, healing rate, early and late bleeding, ease of feeding, wound epithelization rate, and sensory disturbances within one week and three months following the surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=0.05). 

Cyanoacrylate application on the wound was significantly faster than suturing (2.12±1.23 minutes vs. 8.42±2.24 minutes, P<0.0001). The mean postoperative pain score (P=0.015), patient discomfort (P=0.017), and healing rate (P=0.024) were significantly more favorable in the cyanoacrylate group compared to the control group during the first week after surgery. Rate of wound epithelialization showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

Application of cyanoacrylate adhesive to enhance the healing of palatal donor site wound decreased pain and discomfort and enhanced healing during the first postoperative week. In general, cyanoacrylate application is comparable to suturing in palatal wound healing and may be used for faster (by 6 minutes) closure of FGG wounds.

Applying heat sinks as extended surfaces plays a significant role in cooling various industrial equipment. This study investigates the impact of heat transfer parameters of fins, such as practical geometry, wall heat flux, coolant velocity, and the angle at which the coolant flow interacts with the fin. The geometry of the fins includes rectangular and triangular shapes, with a heat flux range of approximately 4.6-18.5 kW/m2, coolant velocities ranging from 1-2 m/s, and angles of 0º, 45º, and 90º between the fin position and cooling flow direction. Aluminum, known for its high conductivity, was chosen as the material for the fin structure, with air serving as the primary cooling flow. The study found that triangular fins exhibited a higher convective heat transfer rate than rectangular fins, approximately 47.4% higher on average across all conditions. However, rectangular fins dissipated heat from the wall more effectively. Pressure drop was assessed by comparing cooling flow velocities associated with each fin in various positions. Results revealed that the sharp tip of triangular fins reduced the vorticity effect, increased average flow velocity, and decreased pressure drop. Additionally, rectangular fins were approximately 10.4% more efficient on average than triangular fins. The study also concluded that the impact angle had a negligible effect on the efficiency of both rectangular and triangular fins.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the most common cancer in female patients. In recent years, the clinical utilization of a class of drugs called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors has been observed to be detrimental to cells that harbor defective DNA damage repair mechanisms. Implementation of these drugs entails a series of unprecedented challenges, including the development of drug resistance to this treatment strategy. Thus, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the DNA damage response to maximize the treatment efficacy in breast cancer patients and minimize unwanted side effects. In this study, through the utilization of single-cell- and bulk-level transcriptional data, we set out to identify molecules and molecular circuits associated with DNA damage response in breast cancer patients. By identifying differentially expressed genes in single-cell cancer cell populations inherently different in DNA damage response, further clustering bulk RNA-sequencing samples based on the expression of these genes, and performing network and enrichment analysis at the bulk level, we have characterized breast cancer samples based on their DNA damage response. Moreover, we have been able to identify a central network module whose members can serve as treatment targets and yield further insights into the mechanisms of drug resistance and DNA damage response in breast cancer. Overall, this study contributes to the characterization of the transcriptional circuits involved in the heterogeneity of DDR in breast cancer and provides candidate avenues for the investigation of potential therapeutic interventions.

Community empowerment is a dynamic and comprehensive process. The main goal of empowerment is to create appropriate changes in all aspects of individuals› and families› lives. The purpose of this research is to present a model for empowering drug enforcement police officers in drug detection in FATEB police officers.

This research is a mixed-methods study. In the qualitative part of the research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 experts and specialists, and in the quantitative part, questionnaires were distributed to 113 FATEB drug enforcement police officers. To collect data, indepth interviews were used in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used.

The results of the research show that the variable skill with a standardized coefficient of 0.433 was confirmed as a significant component for employee empowerment. However, the variables knowledge with a standardized coefficient of 0.290 and competence with a standardized coefficient of 0.147 were not confirmed as significant components for employee empowerment.

The results of the research indicate that the achievement of organizational productivity goals is the improvement of human resource skills. Achieving organizational goals depends on the ability of employees to perform their assigned tasks and adapt to the changing environment. In order to increase employee empowerment, special attention should be paid to holding specialized training courses to improve the skill components of employees in drug detection.

Every development requires change and the development process Without profound changes in cultural and social structures, Will not be realized. The cultural dimension is not just one component of development, Rather, it is a key factor in tourism development Affects economic and cultural activities. Tourism is one of the major sources of income And creating jobs in the world. But unfortunately we make the least use of it, so we need to fully understand this area and study its factors Cultural tourism will have positive consequences if planned and managed. Therefore It is necessary to study the performance and consequences of tourism. This article aims at the consequences of cultural development on tourism in Shiraz And with a qualitative approach and with a grand theory method And open and in-depth interview techniques And study of related articles and documents And analyzed the data in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding using maxqd software.

 Concerns about the side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been raised nationwide. We aimed to compare the time to report the side effects of the Oxford-AstraZeneca and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines. 

 Information on side effects of AstraZeneca and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines was obtained from the COVID-19 Symptom Study App affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Science during 2021. A COX regression model with an adjusted Hazard Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval; HR (95% C.I) was reported at the significance level of < 0.05.  

 4478 and 5555 participants received the AstraZeneca and Sinopharm vaccines, respectively; more age, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, first vaccine dose, hypertension, and hypertension with cardiovascular disease were seen in the AstraZeneca group (P < 0.05 for all). However, the AstraZeneca group had lower immune deficiency and time to report the side effects (P < 0.05 for both). There was significantly less time to pain HR(95% C.I.); 0.50 (0.47-0.52), vertigo 0.65 (0.61-0.69), weakness 0.41 (0.38-0.44), headache 0.43 (0.39-0.74), anorexia 0.31 (0.28-0.34), nausea 0.56 (0.51-0.62), severer allergy 0.71 (0.63-0.81), general inflammation 0.27 (0.23-0.31), fever > 38oC 0.12 (0.1-0.15), eye inflammation 0.45 (0.39-0.52), diarrhea 0.85 (0.73-0.99), blurred vision 0.73 (0.61-0.86), injection site redness 0.32 (0.26-0.39), fatigue/paleness 0.53 (0.50-0.57), joint pain 0.55 (0.41-0.73), auxiliary gland inflation 0.59 (0.43-0.80), convulsions 0.30 (0.17-0.52), and severe side effects 0.3 (0.27-0.33) in the AstraZeneca group; However, skin rash 0.77 (0.57-1.05) and hospitalization 0.72 (0.21-2.55) were the same.  

 Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine recipients reported longer times to report vaccine-related side effects than AstraZeneca; due to the lack of adverse effects like hospitalization, vaccination should continue to control the pandemic; more real-population studies are needed on the long-term effects of vaccination against COVID-19.

In this study, the numerical investigation is carried out for fin heat transfer used in internal combustion engines in drones, cars, and motorcycles, while the geometry, configuration, cooling flow regime, and priority of using each of them was studied at different conditions. Also, introduction of geometry, boundary condition and meshing was done by GAMBIT and the numerical solution was done by FLUENT while the K-ω was preferred turbulent model. It found that the heat transfer of singular and group fins was dependent on the flow behavior on the surface and its penetration respectively. Also, the average heat transfer coefficient in convex parabolic fin against the laminar and turbulent flow was 336 and 45.24 percent more than rectangular and 82.8 and 9.4 percent more than triangular, respectively, while its volume was less than 88.77 and 77.55 percent in comparison with rectangular and triangular respectively. So this fin can be considered in the cooling of light equipment engines. Also, the results of material effects on parabolic fin heat transfer showed a change of conductivity could be effective only for tall fins.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be transmitted through direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people by contaminated respiratory droplets or saliva. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the secondary attack rate (SAR) in the cases’ close contact. A total of 431 confirmed COVID-19 patients were randomly selected using systematic random sampling from 15 May to 13 June 2020. The required data were extracted from the CORONALAB database of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Detection of COVID-19 was performed using Real- Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and nasopharyngeal swabs. SAR was also calculated for different groups. Among the index cases, 64.27% were male, 24.80% were public sector employees, and 4.87% were admitted to the intensive care unit. In addition, most of them aged 30-39 years. The SAR was 11.56% (95% CI: 9.86% to 13.25%) in the close contacts. Accordingly, the highest SAR was observed among the friends, 19.05% (95% CI: 7.17% to 30.92%), followed by the spouses of COVID-19 cases, 16.67% (95% CI: 10.81% to 22.51%). Furthermore, diabetes (6.03%) and cardiovascular disease (5.1%) were the most common comorbidities among the index cases. The findings suggested that the SAR was relatively lower among the close contacts. Considering the familial and non-familial relationships between the index cases and their close contacts were the major causes of disease transmission. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct tracing for COVID-19 contacts in all cases with whom patients have had close contact.

Johan Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), a reflective thinker and speaker from Germany, firstly announced the world group of literature words in May 1827. His speech in demand of world literature has become an essence for writing and speaking among those world philosophers who were researchers of literature in that time. There are many gaps to be fulfilled on this subject matter. In the same way, the original demand of his direct willing in making world literature has not been reached to a certain result. At last, the following research on the bases of disputed conversations, biographies (self-writing and others), letters, and his essays could be the sources in the fulfillment of Goethe’s point of view about world literature. It is no doubt that Goethe's point of view and other thinkers and speakers from Germany in the decades of 18th and 19th centuries could be a means for other nations and countries in the way of gathering world literature considering awareness, sympathy, and preservation of the great combination of world literature basically in relation to Europe and Germany in that time. In the following research, considering a historical creation in the way of comparative literature, the original demand of Goethe about world literature was investigated

In the business-to-business that includes specialized markets and the complex needs of customers, many product manufacturers and service providers take action to offer unique solutions that is responsible for most of the actions and parts of the process. The nature of software products and services as well as difference and diversity of customer needs that entails providers to seek customer solutions. The purpose of this research is to develop a forming and deployment customer solutions model in the Iranian software industry. The research data collected via interviews with 18 software industry experts. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. After the primary categories extracted from the data, they were referred back to the experts to be verified. After experts approval and screening, 27 sub-categories and 11 main categories were obtained. The main categories are: "Customer organization maturity amount; Provider knowledge from the customer business ecosystem; Correct knowledge of the customer from its request; Provider and customer use of multitasking teams; Achieve to joint language and mutual understanding; Provider approach in partnership with customers; Mechanisms of documentation, requests transference and feedbacks; Predicting and controlling of uncertainties; Supporting and directing changes in the customer organization; Redefining and clarifying customer processes; and Provider and customer mutual protection from knowledge assets. Then, the model of research obtained by using Interpretive Structural Modelling.

In terms of purpose, the research method was applied and was descriptive correlational as regards the method of data collection  The results indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between motivating language and symmetrical communications with the coefficient value of 0.41, between motivating language and transparent communication perceptions with the coefficient value of 0.48, between two-way symmetrical communications and transparent organizational communication perceptions with the coefficient value of 0.26, between transparent organizational communication perceptions and employee-organization relationships perception with the coefficient value of 0.14, between employee-organization relationships perception and the variables of perceived corporate reputation and employee engagement with the coefficient values of 0.61 and 0.64, and corporate reputation and employee engagement with the coefficient value of 0.30  the study’s major hypothesis is confirmed although the direct effect of motivating language on employee engagement with the coefficient value of 0.04 was not significant.

In the river, velocity parameter is one of the most important hydraulic variables and is effectively used in many river engineering fields like development of stage-discharge curve and sediment transport. In some river engineering schemes, the calculation of average flow velocity is sufficient. However, for some other projects, such as designing hydraulic structures in the river, stable channel design, flood calculations in rivers and floodplains, the lateral and vertical distributions of flow velocity should be calculated. To calculate the two-dimensional distribution of the velocity of flow (in transverse and vertical directions) many mathematical models have been presented with many complexities from practical point of view. In this research, a simple and practical mathematical model of Kean et al in combination with eddy viscosity equation as well as Einstein's law of the wall velocity was used to determine the two-dimensional flow velocity distribution in the smooth and rough compound channels. By numerical solution of this mathematical model, using finite differences method, isovel curves data were calculated for some experimental compound channels with different flow depths and floodplain's roughness coefficients and then they were compared with the experimental data. Also, transverse distributions of the flow velocity were calculated in these channels and compared with the measured profiles. These comparisons showed that the proposed mathematical model with coefficient of determination (R2)= 0.92, root-mean-square error (RMSE)=0.036 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)= 2.8% had an acceptable accuracy. The proposed mathematical model was developed with steady and uniform flow assumption, neglecting the secondary flow effect.

Magnetic cell targeting is a novel non-invasive cellular delivery technique. It improves stem cell delivery to and retention in the injury site. Labeling cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) is one of the most important steps of this technique. Appropriate SPIONs selection is believed to be of vital importance.

The current study aimed to produce SPIONs which are capable of attaching to Mesenchymal stem cells surface (MSCs).

Dextran coated SPIONs were produced following co-precipitation method under N2 atmosphere. Bone marrow derived MSCs were isolated and cultured from rabbit humerus bone. Anti-rabbit CD44 monoclonal antibody was attached to the surface of SPIONs and MSCs and were labeled with this final product. SPIONs coating process, particle size, and antibody conjugation efficacy were evaluated using FT-IR, SEM, and Bradford protein measurement assay, respectively. Attachment of antibody-linked dextran coated SPIONs to MSCs was accessed utilizing Prussian blue staining, immunofluorescence analysis, and SEM analysis.

Peaks of FT-IR at 3200 cm-1 and 2922 cm-1 are representative of dextran. The average particle size was 56.13±6.67. The average antibody-SPION conjugation ratio was 77.78±6.35%. The average percentage of the labeled cells in Prussian blue and IF analysis were 71.57±2.53 and 95.04±0.95, respectively. MSCs-SPIONs conjugation was also confirmed via SEM analysis.

In conclusion, it could be inferred that mesenchymal stem cells could successfully be labeled with dextran coated-anti CD44 antibody conjugated- superparamagnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles. This product could be used for further in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations.

Background and Purpose:

 In any organization, a sense of collective identity emerges that transforms the simple aggregation of individuals into distinct workplace personalities. This natural feeling of the workplace has been analyzed and studied under several headings, including organizational characteristics, social environment, atmosphere, ideology, climate, culture, advanced system, and formal organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and job stress of the staff of SEPKA Center of NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population in this study is 130 employees working in the SEPKA Center of NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police in 2019. The sampling method used in the research is simple random. For data collection, two questionnaires of Hapin and Kraft organization climate and Steinmetz job stress questionnaire were used.

In analyzing the correlation between organizational climate variables and job stress, employees have a positive and significant correlation. This means that organizational climate has an effect on employee job stress.

Managers can reduce the job stress of employees by adopting appropriate strategies such as proper job design, social support for employees, implementation of special programs.

In our country, as a model of Islamic government, paying attention to mosques is very importance. Considering the significant population using the mosques, if the attention is not paid to this important issue, the mosque may become a focal point in the transmission of pathogens.

This study is a qualitative-quantitative exploratory study. In this study, qualitative research plays a secondary role. The purpose of this study was to obtain enough information to build a suitable tool.

In this study, 51 individuals were interviewed including prayers, clerics and mosque workers. Findings of the qualitative section were analyzed by content analysis. First, the characteristics of the participants were described, then the data analysis process was presented. Given that this research is based on knowledge and knowledge, for data analysis, inferential content analysis method was used. After determining the unit of analysis, open coding and then classifying codes and then classes and exploration. Finally, it was identified in two areas of management and knowledge and a number of subcategories.

The health status of the mosques is very important and should be taken into consideration. The most important areas of activity are knowledge and management. The results showed that better ventilation, a preventive cleaning strategy, and a more detailed study are needed.

Due to the occurrence of dry season and exploitation of water resources for higher agricultural yields, the groundwater level in the Zanjan plain has subsided. The lowered of water level of aquifer have reduced the efficiency of wells and paralleled with water quality degradation. The underground structure of aquifer was destroyed and the quality of water resources contains more salt than fresh waters.

In order to survey on the salinity of water in this region, data from 45 sampling wells (1384-1394) has been used. In the first step by collecting valid information about the chemical quality of related aquifer, investigation on fluctuation trends of ions concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3, Cl, SO4, from 1384 to 1394has been conducted. Then, pH and EC have been surveyed for ten years (1384-1394) to determine the general chemical quality of region groundwater. Finally, fluctuation trends of elements and water salinity have been plotted on descriptive diagrams, piper, statistical models, and other plans. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The data of this study demonstrated that average concentrations of sulfate and chloride are2.3 and 1.1meq/lit respectively. The concentration of these ions in water samples indicated the desirable quality of groundwater at present. However, if the current trend regarding the subsiding of groundwater level in the Zanjan plain, we could face a decrease in water quality and an increase in salinity in the coming years.

According to the results of the study, it can be said that the increasing trend in the concentrations of salts in the water and the declining trend of the output of the wells could reduce the chemical quality of water in near future

This study seeks to extract the factors of moral motivation in the cognitive field, related to the source of internal motivation "denial of cognitive inconsistency" from the perspective of the Holy Quran. In this study the cognitive field and the source of the mentioned motivation were given priority,due to its high motivational importance. The research method is qualitative and analyzes the content of the text. The factors of moral motivation are the means and the cause of action. These factors communicate with man's inner attitude (sources of moral motivation) in order to get move human beings and, relying on them to determine the conditions necessary for the process of behavior. The method of study and research on the psychological term of factors and sources of moral motivation in the Holy Quran has been mainly based on human beings moral behaviors in the Holy Quran. Commandment and injunction divine on moral and non-moral behaviour were the way to reach discussion of moral motivation, and the relevant verse was examined in terms of persuading to this behavior or abandoning it .Reasoning, confronting man with his knowledge and certainty, creating moral identity with five subheadings, i.e. what Qur'an addresses, what Qur'an reproaches, man's responsibility towards himself, increasing the self-productivity, and man's return to God as ethical sources of motivation were deduced from the Qur'an. Finally, the theoretical process of cognitive factors was represented in relation to the source of motivation for "denial of cognitive discord " in the form of a graph.

While the world has faced an epidemic disease resulted from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a disease which has derived from a new coronavirus that has a high contagious power causing severe illness in some individuals that may even lead to death, no vaccine or special effective treatment has been offered yet. By noticing the genetic similarity between Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) and SARS-CoV viruses with SARS-CoV-2 and especially between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the aim of this research was to express the proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus including the spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and other proteins in the virus and their function in entering host cells, virus replication and production on one hand, and developing possible drugs that are effective in treating this coronavirus infection by targeting the above-mentioned proteins. On the other hand, the researchers are looking to offer a possible vaccine to prevent infection with this virus by using the proteins of this virus.

World literature is a reaction against unfulfillment and diminished satisfaction hereby national literature to be existed so. The vivid fulfillment is a solid world people and hidden one is a superiority and national excess as a matched hope of aims in this way. A solvtion of result is a coefficency among world literates to be gained by colture instrument beside of language and literature.
Goetheś aspects in this view of world literature is a reaction of thoughts, aims and events through his days of life hence, those are many and much continuously canged. The essay to be fronted is trying to survey these Goetheś aspects towards world literature and his demands fulfilled from world literature as his situation to be matched by borders and know how to be accomplished