mohammadreza seirafi

Overeating is one of the common problems in women, which is affected by various psychological factors in addition to physical factors. The aim of the present study is to explain the causal relationship between personality traits and overeating in female students based on the mediating role of psychological distress and lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight control.

The method of this research was structural equation correlation. Its population included all male and female students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch in 1401, and the sample size was 356 people who were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used in this research included Gormali et al.'s binge eating scale (1982), Neo's five-factor questionnaire (1989), Clark et al.'s self-efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (1991), Lavibond and Lavibond's depression, anxiety, and stress scale (1995). The data obtained from the research were analyzed using maximum likelihood method and Imus version 24 software.

The results showed that the coefficient of the indirect path between the factors of conscientiousness (P=0.001) and extroversion (P=0.001) with overeating through a lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight controll was negative and the coefficient of the indirect path Between the factor of neuroticism (P=0.001) and overeating through lifestyle based on self-efficacy was positive and significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between the extroversion factor (P=0.001) and overeating through psychological distress was negative and the indirect path coefficient between the neuroticism factor (P=0.001) and overeating through psychological distress was positive and significant.
 

In general, it can be said that lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight control and psychological distress play a mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and overeating. Therefore, therapists in the field of overeating are suggested to pay attention to effective psychological variables such as personality traits, self-efficacy and psychological distress in addition to pharmacological interventions.

Hypertension is one of the most important public health challenges in the world, and self-care is an essential part of hypertension treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a blood pressure management protocol based on the transtheoretical model on improving self-care, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life in patients with hypertension.

This mixed-methods study consisted of two stages that were conducted in Tabriz Health centers in 2022-2023. The first stage was concerned with designing a blood pressure management protocol based on the transtheoretical model. The second stage was centered on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed protocol on increasing self-care, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. Thus, 60 people with hypertension were included in the study and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Data was collected via relevant questionnaires in the pre-test stage, immediately after the training (baseline), 2 months after the training in the post-test stage, and 4 months after the training in the follow-up stage. ANCOVA (repeated measures) statistical test was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention at different times.

In the patients of the experimental group, the designed protocol sustainably increased the dimensions of self-care over time (P<0.001). Also, this protocol was effective in increasing self-efficacy and health-related quality of life dimensions in the patients of the experimental group (P<0.001). This increase was not observed for the variables of self-efficacy, self-care, and quality of life in the control group (P>0.05).

The greatest effect of training based on the transtheoretical model was on the patients’ self-care. Furthermore, with the passage of time in the presentation of education, the effect of the intervention decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that holding short training sessions continuously to stabilize the behavior change of patients with hypertension is necessary.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating disease that significantly affects patients' physical, emotional, and social well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of group training focused on behavioral activation centered around self-care within a family-based framework for patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

This study utilized a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test evaluations. The participants consisted of 40 male and female MS patients aged 20 to 55 from Torbat-e Jam, selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of family-oriented behavioral activation training, lasting 90 minutes each over two months. The 12-item self-care scale developed by Jarsma was administered before and after the training to assess self-care abilities. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The findings indicated that family-oriented group behavioral activation training significantly enhanced the self-care practices of individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

This study demonstrates that behavioral activation, as a family-centered intervention, effectively improves self-care capabilities in patients with multiple sclerosis. Healthcare providers should consider incorporating this intervention into the care plans for patients with MS and their families.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention protocol based on grounded theory on the quality of life and worry of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The research method of the present study was mixed-methods, implemented in an exploratory design with a two-phase sequential strategy. The qualitative part of the research, considering its grounded theory basis, was phenomenological based on the Strauss and Corbin (1997) theory. The quantitative part employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design and a 2-month follow-up phase. The qualitative study population included books, articles, and theses in the field of IBS patients, and IBS patients visiting the Rāh-e Ehyā Psychiatry Clinic, Shahid Tajrish Hospital, and Behboud Gastroenterology Clinic in Tehran during the fall and winter of 2022. The quantitative study population consisted of all IBS patients visiting the Rāh-e Ehyā Psychiatry Clinic, Shahid Tajrish Hospital, and Behboud Gastroenterology Clinic in Tehran during the fall and winter of 2022. In the quantitative part, 28 IBS patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental groups. Worry was measured using the Penn State Worry Scale. After eight intervention sessions, the research data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS software, with a significance level of 0.05. The interaction effect of group×time for the components of physical health (η² = 0.157, P = 0.017, F = 4.85), psychological health (η² = 0.302, P = 0.001, F = 11.27), social health (η² = 0.234, P = 0.001, F = 7.96), and total quality of life score (η² = 0.362, P = 0.001, F = 14.72) was significant. Additionally, the effect of the independent variable on worry (η² = 0.352, P = 0.001, F = 14.15) was significant. The results indicated that the intervention protocol designed based on grounded theory is effective in improving the quality of life and reducing worry in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

COVID-19 quickly spread all over the world and became a major public health problem in many countries of the world, including Iran. Considering that spirituality can act like a shield against stressors and help people to cope with the disease more effectively, the purpose of this research was to analyze the spiritual life experiences of people with a history of covid-19.

This study was qualitative and was conducted using a hermeneutic phenomenology approach. In this study, 14 people with a history of COVID-19 were selected to participate in the study using targeted sampling method. Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data analysis was done using the seven-step method of Diekelmann et al. All ethical considerations were observed in this research, and the authors did not report any conflicts of interest.

According to the results, the spiritual life experiences of people with a history of COVID-19 can be explained with 3 themes of parapsychic experiences, invocation, and spiritual dreams. Also, in this study, a constructive pattern called "Experiencing the Holy" was developed.

The findings of this study provide a deep insight into the spiritual life experiences of patients with a history of COVID-19. The constructive pattern of "Experiencing the Holy" and its 3 themes highlight the deep influence of spirituality on experiences and recovery from illness and emphasize the importance of addressing the spiritual needs of patients in health care settings and the role of spirituality in dealing with illness and promoting spirituality.

 World health organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a public health emergency in January 2020, and on March 11, 2020, the organization called it a pandemic. Despite causing problems, the COVID-19 epidemic leads to the spiritual and existential transformation of people. The phenomenology of the lived spiritual experiences of patients with a history of COVID-19 was the aim of this research.

 This qualitative study was conducted with a hermeneutic phenomenology approach. Data was collected between November 2022 and May 2023. The data were collected with a semi-structured in-depth interview with 14 qualified patients, and the interviews were implemented and analyzed with the phenomenological approach of Dickelman et al., 1989. Data collection and analysis were done simultaneously.

 The analysis of data related to 4 patients with a history of COVID-19 in the age range of 39 to 79 who had a history of hospitalization in a Hospital in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, showed that their spiritual changes can be divided into three themes of spiritual emotions, spiritual knowledge and spiritual growth and excellence and a structural pattern of crystallization of spiritual awakening.

 According to the results, the period of illness has helped their growth and excellence; their flexibility and deeper understanding of their place in the world changed their attitudes and values and caused their personal growth and excellence. The research results emphasize the role of spirituality in providing knowledge, insight, and increasing spiritual knowledge to patients.

The present study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome from the underlying factors of the disease. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. Data collection was done through a semi-structured interview. The participants of this research included 13 patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The selection of participants was done using the purposeful criterion sampling method based on the criteria of entry and exit from Tehran province in the autumn of 1401 and continued until the saturation of information. Data collection was done using semi-structured and in-depth interviews, and after recording each interview, the extracted content was written word by word. Coding of data continued simultaneously with data collection. Data analysis was done using the Colaisian method (seven steps). In total, 13 sub-themes and 3 main themes were obtained from 13 interviews. The results of this study show that cultural factors, economic factors, and individual-social factors are among the consequences of irritable bowel syndrome.

Being overweight and obese in adolescence is associated with severe health effects during their lifetime The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between family cohesion, stress, and quality of life with body mass index in adolescent girls

The current research was descriptive-multiple linear regression From among the statistical population of the research, 250 teenage girls were selected as the research sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and finally, after dropping 50 people from the sample group, the data of 200 of them were analyzed. The tools of data collection included the Samani Family Cohesion Questionnaires (2001), Byrne and Mazano Stress (2002) Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (1996) questionnaire, and the NAF Self-compassion (2003) inventory. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software.

The results showed that the model of body mass index based on the quality of life, family cohesion, and stress with the mediating role of self-compassion has a good fit. It also indicated that family cohesion, stress, and quality of life did not predict body mass index in adolescent girls, But quality of life predicts body mass index in adolescent girls.

It seems that self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship of body mass index with family cohesion, stress, and quality of life in adolescent girls.

Hypertension is one of the most common and preventable diseases worldwide. The most effective way to control blood pressure is the patient's adaptation to self-care behaviors. In this regard, teaching the principles of self-care without considering the challenges of behavior change cannot be effective enough. Considering that most previous studies have been limited to self-care education, ignoring effective psychological approaches in behavior change, this study aims to design a blood pressure management protocol based on transtheoretical model and determine its effectiveness in patients with high blood pressure.

This study will be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the management protocol of blood pressure will be designed based on the transtheoretical model using the literature review and expert panel opinions. Then the content of the educational package will be compiled. The second stage will include the intervention and evaluation of the effectiveness of the self-care protocol, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life in patients with hypertension, which will be conducted through including two intervention and control groups. The information will be collected using questionnaires related to self-care, stages of change, quality of life, and self-efficacy. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.

In Iranian society, adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension is low. Thus, implementing a self-care protocol based on the comprehensive theory of changing behavior such as transtheoretical model can be effective in improving self-efficacy, self-care, and quality of life in patients with hypertension.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of painting therapy on health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with experimental group and control group with a follow-up test period. From the statistical population of the elderly living in nursing homes in Tehran in 2021, 30 samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. Painting therapy was applied for ten sessions for the experimental group. The required findings were collected using the Health Anxiety Questionnaire (Salkovskis & Warwick, 2002), Loneliness (Dehshiri et al., 2007) and Templer Death Anxiety (1970) and were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance was analyzed.

Findings showed that the mean scores of post-tests and follow-up test of health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the experimental group decreased and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that painting therapy intervention to reduce health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly is effective (p <0.001).

Therefore, it is suggested that painting therapy intervention be used to reduce health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly

People's eating behavior and binge eating, as well as the weight efficacy lifestyle, are influenced by individual and personality factors. The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between personality traits and binge eating with the mediation of weight efficacy lifestyle of Azad University students 

The method of the present research was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population included all male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj in 2022, and 357 people were selected from among them by non-random and convenience sampling method. Demographic questionnaire, "NEO Five-Factor Inventory", "Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire" and "Binge Eating Scale" were used to collect data. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS.24 and AMOS.24. 

There is a direct and significant relationship between neuroticism (P=0.001, β=0.406) and conscientiousness (P=0.008, β=0.332) and binge eating. There is a positive and significant direct relationship between weight efficacy lifestyle and binge eating (P=0.003, β=0.474). There is a negative and significant direct relationship between neuroticism and weight efficacy lifestyle (P=0.002, β=0.334). There is a negative and significant indirect relationship between neuroticism and binge eating with the mediation of weight efficacy lifestyle (P=0.001, β=0.158). 

There is a structural relationship between the neuroticism personality trait and binge eating with the mediation of weight efficacy lifestyle. It is suggested that psychological treatments based on weight efficacy lifestyle should also be provided to those suffering from binge eating disorder and overweight in addition to the diet.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second cause of death from cancer. This disease is associated with psychological distress, anxiety, emotional distress, and depression. Therefore, the importance of psychological interventions is revealed to reduce the stressful consequences of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of spirituality therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing existential anxiety in women with breast cancer. The research method was quasi-experimental with the pre-test and post-test design and a one-month follow-up with two experimental groups and one control group. The population included women who were referred to the specialized women's cancer center of Khatam al-Anbia Hospital, among them 45 women who had a score of 1.5 standard deviation above the mean on the existential anxiety scale were identified and randomly assigned to three groups and completed Good and Good existential anxiety scale. The first experimental group underwent eight sessions of spiritual therapy and the second experimental group underwent eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that the effect of the two methods of spirituality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing existential anxiety in women with breast cancer was significant, and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on existential anxiety. It is suggested that health psychologists use spiritual therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce existential anxiety in breast cancer patients.

Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of compassionate mind training for the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases. However, it remains to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach on patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC). This study set out to assess the efficacy of compassionate mind training on improving patients' quality of life with Ulcerative Colitis.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group and a one-year follow-up. The statistical population included UC patients who visited the Gastrointestinal Clinic at Bahonar Hospital in Fall 2018 and Winter 2019. 34 UC patients were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to two equal-size control and experimental groups. The experimental group attended twelve 180-mins sessions of compassionate mind training and the Control group had a 180-min workshop on UC with no psychological interventions. Patients were assessed using inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-short form in 3 stages: pre-test, post-test and 1-year follow-up. Data were analyzed by single factor covariance analysis and dependent t-test.

Results showed compassionate mind training was significantly effective in improving the quality of life in UC patients, both at the end of the interventions (P < 0.01) and at the end of the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.01).

Compassionate mind training can be used as an effective psychological intervention and a complementary therapy to improve the quality of life in UC patients in addition to medical treatments.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychotherapy program training on resilience and psychological capital of breast cancer women in Bandar Abbas.

This experimental study was performed with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women with breast cancer in Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, whose number was 78 people. Of these, 60 women with breast cancer in Bandar Abbas in 2019 who had the same severity and level of the disease, were selected by convenience sampling, were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The instruments used were Luthans (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Connor & Davidson (2003) Resilience Scale. The validity and reliability of these tools have been investigated in previous studies. Psychoanalytic training sessions based on the Leventon protocol (2009) were held in nine sessions, ninety minutes in a month. Questionnaires were completed in the first and ninth stages of the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.22 software.

Psychotherapy program training increased resilience (F= 199.71, P<0.001) and also psychological capital (F= 10.80, P<0.001) of patients with breast cancer.

Psychotherapy program training method helps cancer patients in various ways, increasing resilience and psychological capital.

Several mental conditions and depression, have been linked to immune response disorganization. However, it is unclear if particular immune mediators play a part in the etiopathogenesis of depression. Although there are no definite biomarkers to diagnose depression, the current study sought to logically evaluate the possibility and feasibility of checking a biomarker for depression to be utilized for hospitalized patients suspected of depression. In this narrative review, related articles were gathered through a search of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases as well as a manual search of full-text paper references. The reviewed studies demonstrated the potential role of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in depressive disorders. Previous studies represented a negative role for TGF-β in depression pathophysiology and an increase in TGF-β after depression treatment. Elevated plasma TGF-alpha acted controversial to TGF-β. The level of TGF-β in maternal plasma increased getting close to delivery, and researchers found that it might be associated with postpartum depression. In addition, researchers reported extreme elevations in TGF-β levels in the brain cells of subjects who died by suicide. Although the results of this study revealed a plausible link between TGF-β and depression based on the literature, sensitivity and specificity studies needed before TGF-β as a biomarker may be extensively employed in clinical practice. Depression appears to be down-regulating TGF-β and its signaling or the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of consequent neurological disorders, while further studies are required for the application of the TGF-β assessment in clinical practice.

As a health emergency of the 21st century, Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, pregnancy complications, psychological problems, lower quality of life experience, as well as a high economic burden and high risk of premature death. This study aimed to develop psychological interventions headings for patients referring to healthcare service centers based on local needs assessment through content analysis method of experts' opinion to provide services in the primary healthcare system.

This study was conducted on 19 mental health specialists, professors, and the health team providing services in healthcare service centers (family doctor and mental health expert) in 2018-19. The data obtained from the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using the directed content analysis technique.

The essential finding themes related to the closed headings of psychological interventions in diabetes for improving disease management included "collaborative care," "psychological assessment," the importance of "diabetes coexistence with psychiatric disorders," "creating health behaviors," "self-management training," and "intervention" In crisis" for the management of type 2 diabetes.

This qualitative study was conducted with the participation of mental health experts. Therefore, the mentioned themes and categories can be used in developing the headings of psychological intervention programs for type 2 diabetic patients, focusing on the needs of Iranian patients and the structure of the health system.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation strategies and pain management strategies on emotional process regulation in coronary heart disease patients.

The present study was applied and quasi-experimental with pre-test design, post-test and follow-up with a control group. Statistical population of all patients with coronary heart disease who were in Sabzevar Heshmatieh Hospital from July 6, 2019 to October 6, 2020. 26 people were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) were divided. The experimental groups were trained with emotional self-regulation strategies (n=9) based on John and Gross training package (2004) and pain coping strategies (n=8) based on Turk and Gachell educational package (2002) and the control group (n=9) received no training. The research tool was Gross and John (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaires. Data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance using SPSS25 software.

The results showed that the training of emotional self-regulation strategies and coping strategies with pain is effective on re-evaluation (F=6.82, P=0.003) and suppression (F=9.33, P<0.001) in patients with coronary heart disease. The results also showed that although the two training methods could be effective in regulating the emotional process, but there was no significant difference between their effectiveness (p>0.05).

Teaching emotional self-regulation strategies and coping strategies can improve re-evaluation and reduce emotion suppression in patients.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by periods of remission and relapses. Interventions that are able to prevent disease relapse or improve the physical symptoms, will have a huge impact on mental health and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis.

This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group and a one-year follow-up. The population included patients with UC who visited the Gastrointestinal Clinic at Bahonar Hospital, Karaj, Iran in Fall 2018 and Winter 2019. 34 UC patients were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to two equal-size control and experimental groups. The experimental group attended twelve three-hour sessions of compassionate mind training (Gilbert 2010) and the Control group had a three-hour workshop on UC with no psychological interventions. Demographic Information Questionnaire (designed by the first author) and Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index were used. Data were analyzed by single factor covariance analysis and dependent t-test.

Results showed compassionate mind training was significantly effective in improving the physical symptoms in UC patients, both at the end of the interventions (P < 0.01) and at the end of the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.01).

Given that compassionate mind training was effective in improving the physical symptoms of UC patients, this intervention can be used as a complementary therapy in addition to medical treatments in order to improve mental health services and establish policies regarding this matter.

Coronary Artery Disease is a chronic and complex disease requiring continuous medical care. The current study was conducted to for predicting Health-Related Quality of Life based on Emotion Regulation with mediating to Self-Care in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).

The research method was a descriptive study and correlation type. The statistical population comprised all patients with CAD (N=350) referring to Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in the second half of 2020. Based on the Tabachnick Fidell formula, 184 subjects were selected using a convenient sampling method. Research instruments were the Self-Care Scale (Jaarsma, Halfens, Tan & et al, 2003), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Garnefski & Graich, 2001), and HRQol Survey (Ware, Kosinski, Keller, 1996). Data analysis was done using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and path analysis.

The data indicated a positive and significant mediating role of self-care in the relationship between emotion regulation (β= 0.175, p<0.01) and HRQoL of patients with CAD. Moreover, self-care and emotion regulation had a positive impact on HRQoL.

According to findings, a part of the mutual effect of self-efficacy and emotion regulation on HRQoL is explained by self-care. On the other hand, high emotion regulation, and self-care led to better HLQoL of CAD patients.

Behavior is a general term that describes a person's attitude and its relationship with eating and food and is the result of environmental, physiological and psychological factors. ‌ The present study aimed to study the prediction of eating behavior based on emotion regulation And self-efficacy was assessed in obese women. The present study was a correlational description in terms of basic purpose and in terms of data collection method, which required information through the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (1986), Gross Emotion Regulation (2003), Scherer Self-Efficacy (1982) and information. Demographics were collected. Through available sampling, according to Green formula (1991), 100 obese women aged 35 to 50 years with a body mass index above 30 who referred to diet therapy centers and sports clubs in Ferdis in the spring and summer of 1998 Were, were selected and completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using stepwise multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between emotion regulation and eating behavior. Meanwhile, there is a negative and significant relationship between self-efficacy and eating behavior with accepting an error of less than 0.1% (P <0.001). Among the components of self-efficacy, the most important role belonged to the subscale "desire to initiate behavior" and the role of the subscale "different in facing obstacles" and the subscale "desire to expand effort" are in the second and third place, respectively. As a result, it can be said that self-efficacy factors are one of the factors affecting obesity and it is recommended to pay attention to these variables in obesity prevention and treatment programs.

The aim of current study is to examine the role of mediator of self-care in relationship between self-efficacy, emotional regulation and health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The procedure of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population of this study is all patients with coronary artery disease referred to Shohada Tajrish Hospital in Tehran in 1399 years which were 350 patients. We selected 184 patients based on Green formula. Method of sampling was convenience. The instruments of this study were cardiac self-efficacy questionnaire of Sullivan & et al (1998), questionnaire of self-care Jarasma & et al (2003) and questionnaire of quality of life related to health Kasinski and Keller (1996). The collective data was analyzed by path analysis. The results show that there are positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy, self-care and health-related quality of life in people with coronary artery. Also the data showed that path coefficient relationship between self-efficacy and health-related quality of life (β= 0.197) was positive significantly. Also Self-care mediates the relationship (β= 0.249) in patients with cardiovascular diseases (p<0.005). Based on the findings, it can be said that part of the effect of self-efficacy on health-related quality of life could be applied through self-care. Then, by increasing self-efficacy and self-care could be improvement of health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases

Nutrition education is a key component of health promotion programs and leads to the improvement of nutritional behaviors of adolescents. Understanding the stages of cognitive-behavioral therapy in eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents is important in terms of preventive care.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents referred to counseling centers in Mashhad in autumn 2019; 30 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental, and control groups. The research questionnaires were demographic questionnaire, and eating behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated variance analysis and SPSS.22 software.

The mean (SD) of age was 17.66 (4.49) years in the experimental group 59.7% and 17.01 (4.10) years in the control group. 65.9% in the experimental group and in the control group, 59.7% were girls and the mean (SD) of body mass index was 27.73 (1.34) in the experimental group and 27.32 (0.95) in the control group. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in decreasing uncontrollable eating (P<0.01), emotional eating (P<0.01), weight loss (P<0.01), and increasing cognitive restraint (P<0.01) in adolescents.

It is concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an effective treatment of weight loss and eating behavior in adolescents.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was originally developed to treat individuals with pervasive emotion dysregulation. Then it developed its approach in other disorders such as obesity. This research aims to found out the efficacy of DBT in the reduction of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and anger) with weight loss in obese women with different reasons for obesity. The population of this quasi-experimental study consisted of 56 obese women with a body mass index more than 29.9 kg/m2. Descriptive statistics were computed for demographic information and self-report questionnaire. Anger, Anxiety and,, Depression are three subscales of feelings that were tested by the 25 items of Emotional Eating Scale that was developed by Arnow, Kenardy and Agras in 1994. The results demonstrated that negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and depression, significantly (ρ-value<0.001) decrease in obese women by weight loss during the time. Mixed-effect modeling ANOVA repeated measurements were performed to study changes in variables over time. The results of the present study show that DBT-skills can be effective in decreasing emotion dysregulations and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) gradually reduce their follow-up treatment due to the vulnerable physical condition and high involvement with the disease-related treatment process. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of intervention based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) on treatment adherence in patients with IHD.

This quasi-experimental research used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with IHD referred to the Payambar Azam hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran for more than once between March 2019 and May 2020. A total of 16 patients were selected through the matched targeted sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental and control (n = 8 each). The test group received an intervention based on the PMT in six 90-minute sessions within 45 days. We used the Modanloo Treatment Adherence Questionnaire (TAQ), and the data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the SPSS23 statistical software.

The results of ANCOVA showed that the intervention based on the PMT significantly increased the treatment adherence and its subscales in patients with IHD (P<0.001).

Intervention based on the PMT can be used as an effective intervention to increase treatment adherence in patients with IHD, depending on proper nutrition training, self-care skills, awareness-raising, and relaxation exercises.

Adolescence is a period of human development in which profound changes occur in a person's physical and psychological structure. Professionals have stated that because mental health problems, as well as personality and behavioral patterns of individuals, are difficult to change in adulthood, timely measures to diagnose mental health problems in children and adolescents are one of the main concerns of the mental health system. Obsessive–compulsive disorder is a neurological disorder that affects up to 1% of children and adolescents. Early maladaptive schemas are the deepest cognitive–emotional components that cause obsessions. In schema therapy, which is a modified and integrated form of cognitive therapy, it is assumed that experiences based on neglect and or abuse in childhood can lead to the formation of early maladaptive schemas. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of individual schema therapy on obsessive–compulsive symptoms in adolescent girls.

The method of the present study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest and two months follow–up design with a control group. The study’s statistical population was all female ninth–grade of junior high school students in Ghods City, Iran, in the 2019–2020 academic year. Of whom 30 students were selected by the available sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to two groups: individual schema therapy and control. The inclusion criteria were as follows: living together with both parents, the absence of a probationary semester in the student's record, lacking disabilities, chronic physical illnesses and severe mental illnesses, and not receiving psychotherapy or medication during the past year. The exclusion criterion was the refusal of cooperation. The study subjects answered Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (Hodgson & Rachman, 1977) at the pretest, posttest, and follow–up. Young et al. Schema therapy (2006) was conducted in 12 individual 90–min sessions for the experimental group. To describe the obtained data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) were used. For data analysis, the Chi–square test, analysis of variance with repeated measurements, and Bonferroni post hoc test were used in SPSS version 24 software. The significance level of statistical tests was considered 0.05.

The individual schema therapy for the experimental group reduced obsessive–compulsive symptoms compared to the control group (p=0.025). Also, the mean score of obsessive–compulsive symptoms during the study time showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). In the experimental group, a significant difference was observed between the mean scores of the pretest and posttest (p=0.002) and the pretest and follow–up (p=0.001) regarding the variable of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and the non–significance of the averages in the posttest and follow–up stages shows the persistence of this effect in the follow–up (p=0.074).

According to the findings, individual schema therapy effectively and efficiently reduces adolescent obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Therefore, it is suggested to use individual schema therapy to reduce obsessive–compulsive symptoms of teenage girls, especially in schools.