mohsen kabiri

The fact that in many societies, the rulers determined the cultural direction of the societies is undeniable; however, the historical facts show that despite having righteous leaders, some societies have continued their deviant path, and in some other societies, despite the extensive and long-term efforts of corrupt leaders for deviating the society, people were less influenced by their indoctrination and kept their original beliefs. The current research was carried out through a descriptive-analytical method, followed a problem-oriented approach, and used library sources to collect data. Although many narrations indicate the positive and negative role of the rulers in the religiosity of the people, according to the narrations that mention several factors for reforming or corrupting peoples’ culture, this conclusion comes from the sum of these two categories of narrations that the ruler is not the only factor of leading or corrupting people, and other factors sometimes neutralize the influence of rulers. In the Holy Qur'an, Pharaoh is referred to as a cruel ruler, and Pharaoh's invitation to the religion before peoples’ invitation, Moses' request from Pharaoh for the liberation of the Israelites, and the role of the ruler's facilities in guiding or misleading people are some of the characteristics and behaviors of Prophet Moses with Pharaoh, which are mentioned in the Qur'an, and prevented peoples’ interest in the religion or made it difficult.

The role of rulers in religiosity or non religiosity of society has been the subject of discussion by many scholars of religious and social issues. Some of them have considered the rulers as the only determining factor of the religious culture of the people based on the proposition of "people are on the religion of their rulers". An examination of the background of this phrase shows that despite its repetition in some contemporary research works, it is not found in authentic Shiite and Sunni sources, and in the few works mentioned, either its source is not mentioned or it is explicitly considered as a common proverb. Examining the content of this hadith by presenting it on the Qur'an and similar hadiths, shows that the negative or positive impact of the rulers on the religion and culture of society is acceptable and is confirmed by historical facts; But since according to some other verses and hadiths, many factors play a role in the religiosity or non religiosity of the people, the rulers can not be considered as the only factor; Especially in some societies, despite the rule of righteous leaders, society has continued its deviant path and in some societies, despite the extensive and long-term efforts of corrupt leaders to deviate society, people were less influenced by their instincts and maintained their original beliefs. Moreover, today, with the lifting of state monopolies in the political, economic, cultural, and media spheres, and the emergence of irresponsible but powerful transnational media empires, the positive and negative influence of national rulers on the culture of society has been greatly reduced.

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is a common disorder in diabetic patients and may be a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy(DN).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vit D3 therapy on protein uriain type 2 diabetic patients with deficient or insufficient serum Vit D.
Patients and In a double blind clinical trial, 60 type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria greater than 150 mg/day who had Vit D deficiency or insufficiency were randomly enrolled in two equal groups. Pearl of Vit D as 50 000 IU/week and placebo (1 tablet per week) were prescribed in patients of case and control groups respectively for 8 weeks. At the beginning and 2 months later, 24 hours urine protein was checked in all patients.
There is no difference between serums Vit D level in case and control group at the beginning of the study, however at the end of the study serum Vit D level was significantly higher in the case group. There is no difference in proteinuria between case and control group at the beginning and the end of the study, while a significant difference between the changes of proteinuria before and after the study was seen in two groups (P = 0.028).
Vit D deficiency may exacerbate protein uric and DN, hence correction of Vit D deficiency may decrease proteinuria in diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Herein an Iranian family with two affected offspring with mental retardation and dysmorphic features is being reported. On detailed investigation they have been diagnosed that are suffering from Cat cry syndrome. Because the two children were product of mothers two separate husbands, she was suspected to be balanced carrier for a chromosome abnormality. Chromosome analysis in the mother showed that she is carrier of a balanced translocation between chromosomes 5 and 20. The mother married again, and prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis had been carried out on her third pregnancy. The fetus was a normal male and now he is about one year old healthy baby.