mohsen khademi

Paul Karl Feyerabend is one of the extremely influential philosophers of science in the second half of the twentieth century that his controversial works and opinions have reduplicated his reputation. This is his provocative works led to a misunderstanding for some academics and experts in philosophy, so that someone called him the Worst Enemy of Science. In this article I'm going to show that this idea isn't true: Feyerabend feels hostile towards neither science, nor any tradition else. He fights only against dogmatic and destructive ideologies. Generally speaking, Feyerabend's ideas express only his hostility to technocracy and chauvinism of science. According to Feyerabend, modern science has a lot in common with the Medieval Church. He would maintain that nowadays science has been turned into a rigid religion whose prophets are scientists, whose miracles scientific discoveries and whose judgements scientific statements. Then it's up to us to put science in its place in order to make room for other traditions and human knowledge.

In this paper, the ‎seismic performance of ‎a five-story steel ‎structure with a dual ‎system used as a lateral load resisting system ‎comprised of a moment-resisting frame ‎and a concentrically ‎braced frame is ‎evaluated ‎under near-field ground motion ‎records with and ‎without pulses. This research paper aims to ‎evaluate ‎the pulses’ ‎effects ‎on ‎the ‎probability ‎of ‎the ‎collapse, global ‎damage index, ‎and the ‎annual and 50-‎‎year collapse risks of ‎the ‎structure ‎with such dual ‎systems, which have been less ‎considered‎ in previous ‎research works. To this ‎end, ‎incremental ‎dynamic ‎analyses ‎are ‎performed, and to ‎determine the ‎probability that the ‎studied structure ‎will ‎exceed a specific ‎damage state, ‎fragility ‎functions are ‎developed. ‎The ‎global damage index ‎of the structure is also ‎computed, and a full ‎assessment of the ‎collapse risk of the ‎structure is carried ‎out under the ‎near-field ‎ground ‎motion ‎records ‎with ‎and ‎without ‎pulses. ‎Finally, It is ‎concluded ‎that ‎the ‎probability ‎of ‎ ‎collapse, global ‎damage index, ‎and the ‎annual and 50-‎‎year collapse risks of ‎the ‎‎structure subjected ‎to ‎the ground ‎motions ‎with pulses ‎are ‎higher than the ‎ground ‎motions ‎without ‎pulses. For the pulse periods larger than two times the period‎ of the ‎first ‎mode of the ‎structure, ‎the ‎intensification occurs due to the equalization ‎of the increased period of the first mode of the ‎structure and the ‎period of the pulse.

The purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, discussion, collecting information, testing yourself, thinking, experiment). Exercise was the unit of analysis and the criteria were phases of inquiry model. The result showed that among 156 exercises only 49 exercises (31%) were based on inquiry model; among the six exercises, experiment with the frequency of 24(48/97%) and testing yourself with no frequency had the most and the least frequency. Other result showed that among those 49 exercises, gathering data with frequency of 17(34/69%) had the most frequency; collecting information with frequency of 2(4/08%) and hypothesizing with frequency of 5(10/20%) had the least frequency. Totally, the result shows that the book hasnt regarded inquiry model very much so it's necessary to pay more attention to "inquiry model" and preparing students for real life.

An evaluation of the curriculum elements can be recognized as a necessity in curriculum dynamic and improvement. This study aimed at evaluating five main elements of a physiopathology curriculum in internal medicine (objectives, content, methods, evaluation, and management). The present study is of a descriptive-analytical type, and the study population consisted of a total of 48 faculty members of internal medicine physiopathology department at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected using Cochran’s sample size formula and through simple random sampling. The data were collected using a 58-item questionnaire devised by the researcher, using curriculum planning experts. Face and content validity of the scale were obtained through expert views and modifications provided by 10 professors and experts in medical curriculum evaluation. Also, research reliability was calculated using Alpha Cronbachto be 0.99. Reliability value and coefficient was acceptable. Moreover, One-sample t-test, Independent t-test and One-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Based on the faculty members’ views, of the five curriculum elements, objectives and content were in relatively good conditions (at an average level) while other elements including method, evaluation and management were in poor conditions (lower than average). According to results of two-way ANOVA, there was a significant relationship between faculty members with various work experience in terms of curriculum evaluation. According to research findings, a comparative examination of the curriculum elements and their characteristics in physiopathology course can be conducted, resulting in identification of curriculum weaknesses and their pitfalls. Also, with regard to teaching, evaluation, management methods, weak and strong points of the course, efficiency, and effectiveness of the elements were identified.

Conflict is inevitable in workplaces and it is very important to manage it in a proper way to minimize the problems that might arise. The aim of this research is surveying the relationship between principals’ demographic characteristics and the choice of conflict management styles. The statistical society included 213 employed principals of Shiraz high schools. The data on conflict management style choices were gathered using the conflict management questionnaire. The t-test, ANOVA and regression were used to analyze the data. The results of this research showed that the compromise style was the most frequently used method by principals followed by collaboration and accommodation, domination and avoidance, respectively. There was a significant association between the principals’ level of income and the use of collaboration and accommodation styles. There was a statistically significant difference between gender and the use of the five fold approach in the domination style. Overall, there was a significant association between the principals’ demographic characteristics and the conflict management style choices. Concolusion: The principals should notice that conflict is inevitable in organizations and they should consider the opinions and ideas of both parties involved in the conflict. So the best approach for conflict management by principals is to pay attention to its outcomes and choose the style which has the most benefit for the involved parties.Key

The human resources are considered the main asset of any society. If used properly and effectively, it will create other sources and above all the added value. The quality of the life is usually dependent on the quality of human professional life including factors such as job security, services and welfare pensions, health services, income, and job quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and priority of the above-mentioned factors on efficacy of the staff members of the Fars Office of Education. The research sample comprised the staff members of the Fars Office of Education across the state, including 61 districts. Based on the Cochran Formula, 25 districts were randomly selected. In order to measure the factors, the Likert-type instrument designed by Hossainpoor to compare the Ideal and current situation, was used. The staff rated job security as the most important factor affecting their efficacy in both current and ideal situations followed by income. Based on the previous research and review of literature, success of the educational organizations is fully dependent on their personnel. If executives of such organizations try to attract the qualified personnel and keep them motivated, their success will be guaranteed.

The aim of this study was survey of relationship between organizational structure types and administrator's power resources at Shiraz University's administration division. Tow Scales were used: Organizational Structure Types (Torkzadeh & Mohtaram, 2011) and Power Resources Identification (Torkzadeh & Moeini, 2010). Validity and reliability of scales were Assessed. Research Sample were 243 persons. Results showed: 1) The dominant organizational structure Type in the research scope was enabling structure. 2) dominant power resource was reward and the lowest was information; differences were significant. 3) the ranks of administrator's using power resources was as follows: reward, environmental dominance, expert, referent, coercive, ethic, legitimate, culture and information. 4) enabling structure was a significant positive anticipant of environmental dominance, expert, referent, ethic, legitimate and information power resources and it was a significant negative anticipant of reward, coercive and culture power resources. hindering structure was a significant positive anticipant of reward, coercive and culture power resources and it was a significant negative anticipant ofother mentioned power resources.

This Study attempts to evaluate social studies curriculum of Iran’s teacher training centers from the critical thinking perspective. Using cluster sampling method, a sample of 313 students and 33 Instructors were selected from among 2020 students and 53 instructors of 4 provinces of Fars, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Isfahan in 2008-2009 academic year. Based on Facione’s model, two scales were used: California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST) containing 5 subscales and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) containing 7 subscales. The reliability of CCTDI and CCTST CCTST were determined using Cronbach’s alpha and Kuder Richardson – 20, respectively. Also, the content of 10 specialty textbooks were analyzed. Findings indicated the weakness of social studies’ students and instructors of Iran’s teacher training centers according to their whole points on dispositions and critical thinking skills and its’ subscales. Also, the differences between frequency of dispositions and critical thinking skill components were investigated.

The main purpose of the study was to pursue the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles Concerning Fars Province Educational Office experts' attitude toward organizational change. The population and sample of the research consisted of all Fars Province Educational Office experts in academic year 2007-08. The sample consisted of 202 male and 28 female experts. Two instruments were used: one was designed for transformational leadership and the other for measuring attitude towards organizational change. The first questionnaire consisted of five dimensions: 1. Charismatic leadership 2.Intellectual stimulation 3.Individual consideration, 4.Contingent reward, and 5.Management-by-Exception. Of the five, the last two dimensions belonged to the transactional leadership. The second questionnaire consisted of three dimensions including 1.cognitive, 2.affective, and 3.behavioral. The reliability and validity of the instruments were measured and approved. In order to analyze the data, statistical techniques such as Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Multiple Regression were used. The results were indicative of several points: There were significant relationship between charismatic leadership (r=0.32, p<0.01)  and cognitive dimension; intellectual stimulation with cognitive(r=0.21, p<0.01) and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; contingent reward with cognitive (r=0.28, 0.01), affective (r=-0.15, p<0.01), and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; management-by-exception and affective (r=-0.20, p<0.01) dimension, but the relationship between dimensions of transactional leadership and affective dimension of the attitudes towards organizational change was negative. Results also showed that charismatic leadership dimension was capable to predict affective (β =0.52, P<0.003) and cognitive (β =1.1, P<0.001) dimensions and that contingent reward was capable to predict behavioral dimension (β=0.41, P<0.001) of the attitude towards organizational change.

The main objective of this study is to assess the cultural identification of Guidance School students based on the extend of their cultural awareness and attitudes. To conduct the study a 37item scale was designed and its validity and reliability was tested and verified. By conducting cluster sampling procedure a sample of 600students (302 female&298 male) out of a target population of 79151students were selected and participated in the study by responding to the scale. The collected data was analysised via t-test, ANOVA, scheffe post hoc test and Chi-Square, utilizing SPSS package.The following results were concluded:1-It was observed that the cultural identification mean of students was higher than scale expected mean