mojtaba khodadadi

Economic Dispatch for power systems with the aim of optimizing the total production cost for active units in the power network is one of the most important topics for today's modern systems. In other words, the purpose of the economic Dispatch problem is optimal and appropriate planning for production units, taking into account the nonlinear factors and limitations in the power network and production units. And it plays a very important role in the economic exploitation of power systems Solving the problem of economic Dispatch optimization is very complex due to the huge dimensions of the nonlinear objective function, various restrictions and limitations. However, the use of optimization algorithms and artificial intelligence has been used to solve this problem. In this research, based on the use of a new algorithm called search and rescue, which is modeled based on the individual and group behavior of humans in searching for an individual or a group that has had an accident or is lost. This algorithm has great power in solving problems with high constraints, which can ignore local optima to confirm the proposed method in minimizing the cost and pollution of simulation in the software environment (MATLAB) on test networks (3, 6, 10) units done and the simulation results obtained from the proposed algorithm show that the accuracy and speed of finding the answers have been improved with this method.

Moisture damage is one of the disadvantages of warm mix asphalt. Recently, researchers use appropriate additives such as waste materials to address this issue. This study aims to overcome the moisture sensitivity of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) using additives such as nanomaterials as well as waste rubber granules. Bitumen (60/70) with a total weight of 1, 3, and 5% of Nano-TiO2 as well as 0, 10, and 20% of rubber granules by total weight of granite aggregate. The mixing and compaction temperature of bitumens were determined using a rotational viscosity test (RV). The optimal bitumen percentage was determined using the Marshall method. The results showed that the Nano-TiO2 has a small effect on this value, but the use of rubber granules has changed this percentage. To assess the moisture susceptibility of mixtures, indirect tensile strength test and resilient modulus test were used, and two criteria of indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) and resilient modulus ratio (RMR) were calculated to compare the performance of the mixtures through the different freeze-thaw cycles. The results of experiments show that the addition of Nano-TiO2 to bitumen alone improves moisture resistance, but the use of rubber granules reduces this resistance. According to the results of this study, to improve the efficiency of the mixture containing rubber granules from the perspective of the TSR index, Nano-TiO2 should be used. For this purpose, the minimum required percentage of Nano-TiO2, to replace 10% of rubber granules, is 3%. From the RMR index point of view, all mixtures modified with Nano-TiO2, as well as the design containing 10% rubber granules, will pass the limit of Iranian regulation and will be acceptable in terms of moisture susceptibility.

Asphalt mortar and asphalt mixture are viscoelastic materials due to the presence of bitumen in their structures. The master curves of dynamic modulus and phase angle developed through the horizontal shifting of the results using the appropriate shift factors are commonly used to describe the viscoelastic properties of asphalt mortar and asphalt mixture. In this study, constructing master curves of dynamic modulus and phase angle of asphalt mortar and asphalt mixture using the least number of test temperatures and frequencies was investigated. The dynamic modulus test was performed on asphalt concrete and asphalt mortar samples at six temperatures and frequencies. Then, the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees method was used to determine the shift factors for constructing master curves. Also, the modified Christensen-Anderson-Marasteanu model was fitted on the master curves to predict their viscoelastic properties at an arbitrary temperature and frequency. In addition, the master curves and the fitted models which are created by using test results at two frequencies and six temperatures, six frequencies and three temperatures, or three frequencies and three temperatures, could provide the same predicted values and patterns as the original fitted model with more than 92% accuracy. So, as a result, it is possible to develop the master curves of the viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixture and asphalt mortar with a lower number of test results that have similar accuracy to the original master curves and reduce the time and cost of experiments up to 50%.

Understanding and analyzing the human mind and behavior provides valuable data to discover criminals and free innocent people. The cognitive activity related to deception can be evaluated by the semantic reaction time measurement method, as a behavioral component of cognitive activity. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference in semantic reaction time in people with and without deception (lying) and this issue was investigated whether it is possible to use a precise tool to measure the response time of people to specific questions about truth concluded their answers. In this research, this time was measured using the semantic reaction time measurement task, which is a computer program. According to its goals, this research was of fundamental-applied type, and in terms of data collection method, it was semi-experimental with repeated measurements. The research sample was 28 people who willingly participated in this project in 2019. The research variables include the situational independent variable with two situations: 1) deception; 2) No cheating. The dependent variable was semantic reaction time and the control variables were male gender, age over twenty years, high school diploma and right-handedness. In this research, the exact delay time in answering the questions was calculated with the accuracy of one thousandth of a second, and based on the results, the hypothesis of the research was that the semantic reaction time in deceptive (false) answers to questions is longer than non-deceptive (true) answers. It was confirmed with a significance level of 0.001.

Moisture damage is one of the forms of asphalt pavement distress that occurs due to the presence of water and its effect on the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture. Using nanomaterial as additives is one of the solutions that delays this event and increases the durability of the mixture. In this study, the effect of nanomaterial (nano-TiO2) on the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures was investigated using surface free energy method, indirect tensile strength test (ITS) and resilient modulus (Mr). Asphalt samples were fabricated by neat bitumen with a penetration grade of 85/100 and Siliceous aggregate. The bitumen was modified with 3and 6% (weight of bitumen) of Nano-TiO2. The results of the bitumen section indicate that by modifying the bitumen with Nano-TiO2, the acidic component of surface free energy decreases and its basic component increases. On the other hand, as the non-polar component increases, the bitumen's free energy would be increased. The addition of nano-TiO2 to the asphalt mixture also increased the TSR. TSR reduction through the different freezing-thaw cycles for the modified mixtures was less compared to the control mixtures. The separation energy between bitumen-rock materials is also reduced by modifying the bitumen with this nanomaterial. Therefore, it improves the stripping resistance of the asphalt mixture. In addition, the results of resilient modulus indicate that bitumen modification with Nano-TiO2 increased the Mr values. Similar to changes in the TSR, the RMR value has been increased for the modified HMA and it increased the hot mix asphalt durability.

Cognitive bias modification procedures are considered therapist-independent, computer-based, and relatively new interventions, which are mainly used as outpatient therapies for anxiety, emotional disorders, and different types of addiction. This paper aimed to present the latest findings of the studies on cognitive bias modification to enhance the knowledge of experts and researchers of the effects of such procedures in both practice and theory. At first, cognitive bias modification was briefly defined. Then, its different procedures (attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, and memory bias modification) and the therapies based on these modification procedures were introduced. Then, the studies conducted on the effectiveness of such therapies were reviewed and their results were discussed.

All the studies suggested, in a relatively consistent and significant way, that it is possible to modify cognitive bias processes in various disorders, such as anxiety and emotional disorders, mood disorders, chronic pain, obsessive disorders, addiction, and intellectual rumination. Furthermore, computer programs for cognitive bias modification and dot-probe tasks are suitable alternatives or complementary options for reducing or treating clinical symptoms and cognitive biases. In addition to the need for inventing therapy applications and adapting cultural characteristics of English versions for the Iranian population, new investigations are required to evaluate both the clinical crowd and the effectiveness of these modification procedures for various disorders.

The pattern of abnormal gaze is observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Studies of eye movements in people with autism have shown significant difference in the pattern of staring at the eyes and mouth compared to control groups. Yet, findings have been contradictory to date, and in spite of the fact that previous studies on eye dazzling in people with autism are expanding, the findings still do not appear to be consistent. Thus, we tracked eye movements in face processing for 25 teen agers with autism and 25 teen agers from the control group to examine any abnormal concentration in the facial areas.Experimental task used in this study includes standard images of the emotional states of the male and female faces (roundness of the face) in the state of anger, surprise, happiness, sadness and neutrality and subjects looked at these faces, while the eye tracker recorded their eye movements. In this task, they were required to select the displayed emotional state by the reply box. The selected Boosted Trees Ensemble classifier was able to use features related to the total data received from eye tracking in face segmentation into 8 areas (forehead, right and left eye, right and left cheek, nose, mouth and chin) with an accuracy of 83.31%in separating the two groups of autism and control.Moreover, in the study of facial components, left eye, left cheek, right cheek, and right eye, with84.18%,83.85%,82.73%and81.25%accuracy respectively, were able to make the most difference in the classification. Non-normal patterns in eye gaze can be very important because biomarkers indicate a condition that can be used for early diagnosis. It can also be a guide for researchers to design a game based on the results of this paper to improve the social interactions by strengthening eye contact for people with autism.

Aim and Background:

Intimacy and marital compatibility between couples maintain and strengthen the family foundation. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a methodology based on cognitive bias correction and to determine the effectiveness of its training on bias, intimacy and adaptation of couples with marital incompatibility.

Methods and Materials:

The research method was quasi-experimental and the design of the pretest, posttest research was with the control group. The statistical population of the study was couples with marital problems who referred to counseling centers in Arak in 1398. The sample consisted of 16 couples (32 people) with marital incompatibility and cognitive bias who were selected by available methods. Data were collected using the Lock-Wallace (1959) Compatibility Questionnaire, Walker-Thompson (1983) Marital Intimacy Questionnaire, and the Point-of-Exploration Assignment Software (2015). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data and examine the relationships between variables.  

The results showed that the treatment method based on the correction of cognitive bias has an acceptable content validity. Also, the results of the educational intervention showed that the training of the method significantly reduces the cognitive bias of the couple and increases the intimacy and adaptation of the couple (P≤0.001).

It seems that training in the treatment method based on cognitive bias correction can be considered as a valid and effective program to reduce cognitive bias and increase intimacy and compatibility of incompatible couples.

Moisture damage is a form of distress of asphalt pavement due to the presence of water and its impact on the mechanical characteristics of the asphalt mixture. One of the strategies delaying this event is to use a polymer-nanocomposite as an additive. In the present study, the effect of polyethylene (PE)/montmorillonite nanocomposite (NC) on the moisture susceptibility of asphaltic mixtures has been investigated using surface free energy (SFE) theory and indirect tensile strength (ITS) test. The results of SFE tests indicated that the acid component of SFE was decreased and its base component was increased through modifying the asphalt cement with PE/NC, and this increased the adhesion between asphalt cement and aggregates in the presence of water. In addition, the de-bounding energy between asphalt cement and aggregates has been decreased in modified mixtures, hence it can be expected the resistance of these mixtures to improve against stripping. Moreover, the cohesion-free energy and thus the resistance to rupture of the modified asphalt cement increased by increasing the nonpolar component. Furthermore, the results of experiments on asphalt samples indicated that the addition of PE/NC to asphalt mixtures has increased the tensile strength ratio, which increases the durability of the asphalt pavement.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of virtual reality therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy on attention focus and social anxiety symptoms among social anxiety patients who referred to counseling centers of Tehran City.

This semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design was done on social anxiety patients. The sample consisted of 30 social anxiety patients who referred to counseling centers of Tehran City in summer and autumn 2018. Diagnosis of social anxiety disorder was based on clinical interview and social phobia inventory (SPIN). They and were selected through available sampling and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (each 15 patients). Attention focus questionnaire and social phobia inventory (SPIN) was used for data gathering in the pre- and post-test. Two groups received either experience virtual reality therapy (8 sessions 20 minutes) or mindfulness-acceptance therapy (8 sessions 45 minutes).

Both virtual reality therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy were effective on attention focus and social anxiety symptoms. Effectiveness of virtual reality therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy were significantly different in attention focus. In internal attention focus, virtual reality exposure therapy and in external attention focus, mindfulness-acceptance therapy were more effective. In social anxiety symptoms, two therapies were not different.

So according to our results, virtual reality therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy could use for improving attention focus and treating social anxiety symptoms.

One of the important benefits of using warm-mix asphalt is to reduce the asphalt production temperature, but this is also generating a pavement problem such as a higher moisture potential, due to the lower production temperatures, all moisture in the aggregate does not evaporate, subsequently. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of zycotherm on the moisture susceptibility reduction in warm-mix asphalt. In addition, waste crumb rubber was used as a substitute for fine-aggregates. In total, 9 mixtures were made of 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% of zirconium, 10% and 20% of waste crumb rubber, and their combination with bitumen, 70/60 grading and silica aggregate. To evaluate the moisture susceptibility, boiling water tests, indirect tensile test (ITS) and the resilient modulus test were used. Boiling water test results show that the increase in zycotherm improves the moisture susceptibility, but due to the low density of crumb rubber, the crumb rubber hasn’t significant effect on the final result of boiling water test. Based on the results of ITS test and the TSR, a model was generated to predict TSR. According to this model, the minimum required percentage of zycotherm with the replacement of 10% and 20% of crumb rubber, is equal to 0.128% and 0.149%, respectively. According to the experimental results, the addition of a zycotherm increases the Mr, while the substitution of the waste crumb rubber causes a slight increase. Additionally, based on the Mr ratio (RMR), all mixtures have a proper performance against moisture damage.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the virtual reality exposure therapy and the mindfulness-acceptance therapy on social self-efficacy and social anxiety symptoms among social anxiety patients. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and statistical population included reffered social anxiety patients to a counseling center in Tehran.The sample consisted of 30 social anxiety patients of a counseling center in Tehran during the summer and Fall 2018 with social anxiety disorder diagnosis based on clinical interview and social phobia inventory (SPIN) cut point which selected through available sampling and then randomly divided to two experimental groups (n=15). Instruments included Gaudiano and Herbert self-efficacy for social situations scale (SESS) and Connor et al. social phobia inventory (SPIN) and data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed that the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy on social self-efficacy were significantly different and Mindfulness-acceptance therapy was more effective. In social anxiety symptoms two therapies were not different. Virtual reality exposure therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy could be useful for social self-efficacy and social anxiety disorder symptoms, but mindfulness-acceptance therapy is more efficient for social self-efficacy.

Although the relationship between reaction time and Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores involves an important part of theoretical information processing approaches towards individual differences, data obtained in this area are sparse or even non- congruent. Those who do not believe the relationship between reaction time and intelligence, often argue that the reaction time is too simple, banal and non-intelligent and thus, it cannot reflect a variable with the same sophistication, elegance and ambiguity of intelligence. In contrast, some believe that the reaction time is indicative of fluid intelligence has a growing trend until youth time (crescendo) and then steadily decreases (decrescendo). New researchers also believe that to judge the relationship between intelligence and reaction time, the difference between processing time and reaction time should be considered. Method & The present study, comparing recorded results of present studies and reviewing stated theories, seeks to answer this question "what is the relationship between reaction time and intelligence and whether reaction time can predict the differences in the intelligent structure?" The relationship between reaction time and IQ is too complicated and revealing a significant correlation depends on various variables (e.g. methodology, data analysis, instrument etc.).

People with obsessive compulsive behaviors typically occur suffer. The present study compared cognitive functioning and theory of mind in people with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder and their normal people. The study sample was male students in Tabriz University in the academic year 2013-14. The sample consisted of 35 individuals with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder and 35 normal subjects. Tools used in this study were the Wisconsin Test، Wechsler Memory Test، Theory of Mind Inventory، Compulsive Inventory، Beck Depression Inventory and a structured clinical interview. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Between two groups of variables Drjamandgy error، total error، orientation، mental control، digit span، visual memory، learning Tdayha and theory of mind، there was significant difference. However، Personal Information and Public variables and logical memory، there was no significant difference between groups. The results showed that people with symptoms of obsessive - compulsive disorder without symptoms of depression، there are shortcomings in cognitive functioning and theory of mind.

This aim of this study was to assessment of attention bias in the cognitive processing of neutral and emotional words, using Stroop's semantic test on students.
50 students from Tabriz University were selected randomly and in addition to the demographic information, they responded to the Stroop's semantic test. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent groups T-test and paired groups T-test.
The mean percentages of correct responses in the sample (boys and girls) in emotional words were lower than neutral words. The mean percentage of incorrect responses in the sample in neutral and emotional words was not significant. There were significant differences in neutral and emotional words between the mean percentages of without respondent in the sample in 0/001. There were significant differences in mean percentages of responses in the sample between the neutral and emotional words in 0/005. On the one hand, there were not significant differences in mean percentages of correct responses in boys in neutral and emotional words but for the girls there were significant differences in0/005. For both sex, there were significant differences in mean response time between neutral and emotional words in 0/001

This study was conducted on Gray’s description of the impulsivity trait and its impact on working memory performance and cortical arousal of the frontal cortex with a cognitive neurological approach. At first, 793 female students who were 18–28 years old completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Carver and White’s Approach/Avoidance scale. Based on their scores, they were divided into a group of 15 subjects whose scores were in the upper distribution of Neuroticism and Extraversion (N+E+) and another group of 15 subjects whose scores were in the lower distribution of those dimensions (N-E-). They then performed a package of working memory tasks, including 1-back, Paced Auditory Serial Adding Test (PASAT), and forward and backward Digit Span. The total scores in each task were used as an indicator of working memory performance, and EEG alpha oscillations during the 1-back task were used as a cortical arousal index. Data were analyzed using t-tests for independent samples. The results revealed that the groups had no significant differences in working memory performance, but impulsive subjects performed the tasks with less reaction time and with more errors. The results of alpha activity showed that impulsive subjects experienced higher left frontal cortical arousal during the task. In spite of impulsive subjects’ higher mental efforts, their working memory performance was not significantly different than low impulsivity subjects. The careless and hasty performances of high impulsivity subjects in working memory tasks might be due to their impulsive characteristics.