فهرست مطالب momeni

In this research, the effect of adding clay Nanoparticles on increasing the lifetime of glass/epoxy composites under hydrothermal conditions has been investigated. For this purpose, samples containing 3 Vol.% of clay Nanoparticles and samples without clay Nanoparticles in resin epoxy has been manufactured for the fabrication of specimens of the tensile test using hand lay-up and vacuum bag. The specimens were placed under the hydrothermal condition of 90% humidity and 75 °C temperature for 500 hours in the incubator and were tested for tensile properties. The results show that addition of clay Nanoparticles decreases the strength of the composite by 21.39% in the newly produced samples while in a long time, these particles slow down the process of composite degradation, so that in the same environmental conditions, the strength of specimens containing clay Nanoparticles is 9% higher than the specimens without clay Nanoparticles.

It is inevitable to change the mindset in water resource management from an engineering perspective to a holistic one. Such an approach, which is identified with the concept of integrated water resource management, is formed based on the following concepts: integration between ecological and social systems, attention to water governance system and stakeholder participation, institutional capacity of water resource system, adaptation to environmental changes, and learning procedures. Water institution is analyzed through its three institutional components including water law, water policy, and water administrative structure. In this article, in particular, the components of water resource management administrative structure within the study area of Qeshm Island were defined focusing on the study of written rules and documents. It was indicated from the findings of this study that the official position of the organizations involved in the water resources issue is not uniform in the rules, which has created ambiguities in the interpretation of organizational tasks and communications, and may lead to subjective notions on inter-organizational relationships and legal responsibilities due to mismanagement. The most important organizational issue in Qeshm Island is the presence of several trustees in the water resource management. The presence of several trustees with different levels of power requires planning and coordination between relevant organizations to achieve the goals of integrated water management.

Land subsidence is one of natural hazards which is involved with most of plains in Iran and leads to damages of urban area, roads, bridges, power transmission lines, agriculture lands, wells and piezometers. Generally, regional subsidence is depended to human activities such as overexploitation of groundwater and geological conditions which can induce considerable damages to economical basis of the area if it be occurred. In the last few decades, the rapid development of agriculture and the increase in the need for water has led to overexploitation of groundwater in the Semnan plain. In this paper, the occurrences pattern of regional subsidence phenomenon in the south and south-east of the Semnan plain and also the zoning of this region in terms of the susceptibly of land subsidence have been discussed. In this research at the first step data of 18 piezometers for 24 years period (May 1993-2017) were used to provide iso-potential lines of drawdown groundwater level and unite hydrograph of the plain. Furthermore, for the determination of type and thickness of the subsurface layers some data including piezoelectric log, geoelectric studies and geological map with a scale of 1: 250,000 were used. Then, using the drawdown groundwater level map and the subsurface layers conditions map, a subsidence susceptibility map of the Semnan plain was prepared. The results showed that during the period of 1993-2018 continuous overexploitation of groundwater caused a drop of 18.9 meters of groundwater level and provided conditions for consolidation of clayey layers and land subsidence. The subsidence hazard zonation map indicates that the region with a high potential of subsidence in this plain is located in the northeastern part of the plain and in the south-southwest of the Semnan industrial park.

The diversion flow pattern is quite 3-D and non-uniform. In general, flow diversion occurs either naturally like braided rivers or artificially like lateral intakes. According to the performed investigations, the intake location affects the rate of water intake and sediments entry into the diversion channel. The use of lateral intake along with diversion channel is one method of providing water from river. Given the fact that most rivers are in nature in their meander state, so determining the position and angle of water intake is very important. Since the main purpose of lateral intakes is to facilitate water transfer without sediments and most of the rivers are zigzagged through their path, therefore, more researches on the location of the lateral intake and its angle on the arc paths it seems necessary. The results showed that the effective parameters in sediment deviation include: Discharge ratio, Flow conditions [Froude number], Sediment load [Bed load and Suspended load], Water intake location [On the channel arch], Deviation angle, Input threshold and Submerged plates that researchers examined impact of some of them to choose the best the intake location.

 Medicinal and aromatic medicinal plant, Ziziphora clinopodioides L., belonging to the genus Ziziphora and Lamiaceae family. The aim of this study was to optimize asexual regeneration in two genotypes of this species as code 5 and 6. For this purpose, the first experiment was conducted for contamination control using sodium hypochlorite 1% and alcohol 96%. In the next step, the control of produced phenolic compounds was investigated by combining three polyvinylpyrrolidone, active charcoal and ascorbic acid. Multiple shoots induction were performed using lateral bud explant in a MS medium containing the BAP at five levels in combination with NAA (0.01 mg/L). Rooting of branches was performed in MS medium containing NAA at two levels (0. 1 and 0.3 mg/L). Result showed 1% sodium hypochlorite treatment coupled with 96% alcohol eliminated contamination up to 74%. The treatment of combination of polyvinylpyrrolidine, ascorbic acid and activated charcoal with average value of 8.25% had the lowest browning in both Genotype of 6 and 5. The highest branching values of (88% and 100%) were obtained in the treatment of 2 and 2.5 mg/L BAP combined with 0.01 mg/L NAA in genotype 5 and 6, respectively. The highest value of rooting (33.3%) was observed in genotype 6 using 0.3 mg/l NAA. The results of this research could be  used in the micropropagation and proliferation of this plant.

Ordinary differential equations(ODEs) with stochastic processes in their vector field, have lots of applications in science and engineering. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the numerical methods for ODEs with Wiener and Compound Poisson processes in more than one dimension. Ordinary differential equations with Ito diffusion which is a solution of an Ito stochastic differential equation will be considered. Because for the numerical solution of these equations we need the simulation of stochastic double integrals, we explain the simulation of these integrals in more details. Also one-step and multi steps methods for the solution of affine random ordinary equations (RODEs) which are an important class of RODEs will be considered. The numerical solution of these equations with Wiener and Compound Poisson processes will be established. Two methods for simulation of the double integrals will be explained, and some numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical results numerically.

One method of design the LFSR-based stream ciphers is using irregular clock that it is most famous structures. In recent years became a springboard technique called clock control that improves efficiency compared to generators has become tighter. In this way, instead of several clock has been changed and values, in the state through the middle. Per basic polynomials, a jump in the index jump is still there. It is clear that for the length of each LFSR, there are several initial polynomials that same period, but the size of the jump index is different. In this paper, by analyzing the correlation attack on generators springboard, it was concluded that the selection of index jump polynomials with maximum results in minimum correlation between output and input sequence is productive. So in the design of stream ciphers with a springboard generation structure, in terms of correlation attacks, the polynomial with most rate of jump up the index is priority.

Extensive evidence shows that morphine impairs cognitive functions. On the other hand, ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone that affects learning and memory process. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA) injection of ghrelin on morphine-induced amnesia in male rats. In this experimental study, 104 male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were randomly divided into 13 groups (n=8 for all groups) including: saline, morphine treated groups (0.5-7.5 mg/kg), ghrelin treatd groups (0-3 nmol/μl) plus morphine (7.5 mg/kg) or saline. Memory was measured in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance apparatus. All groups received intra-ventral tegmental area (intra-VTA) injection of saline or ghrelin immediately after training. After 5 mins saline or morphine was injected subcutaneously. Testing phase was done 24 hrs after training. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. The results showed that post-training administration of morphine significantly reduced step-through latency compared with the saline group (p<0.001). Intra-VTA injection of ghrelin also reduced morphine-induced amnesia (7.5 mg/kg) (p< 0.001). Ghrelin plus saline administration had no significant effect on memory retrieval (p>0.05). The results indicate that intra-VTA injction of ghrelin prevents the disrupting effects of morphine on avoidance memory.
Key words: Ghrelin, Inhibitory avoidance learning, Male rat, Morphine, Ventral tegmentum area
Funding: This study was funded by University of Arak.                             
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved the study. (1397.139).
How to cite this article: Nazari-serenjeh F, Darbandi N, Yadegary A, Momeni HR. The Effect of Intra-ventral Tegmental Area Injection of Ghrelin on Morphine-Induced Amnesia in Male Rats: An Experimental Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (2): 147-60. [Farsi]

In recent years, there has been a particular focus on water along with an approach change from a purely natural issue to a bioenvironmental and social one. The way of consuming drinking water is mostly depended on attitudes and in general on culture. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to examine the role of cultural and social factors in wasting drinking water. The targetpopulation consisted ofDehloran’s citizens with a sample size of 390 individuals. In addition, multi-stage cluster sampling was used as the sampling method. A researcher-adequestionnaire was used for data collection, and the total Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was calculated to be 90%. In order to analyze the hypotheses, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and structural equations (Lisrel software) were used. The results showed that the cultural, social, and economic factors have the most effect on wasting drinking water, respectively. Moreover, the background variables including gender, marital status, education, and occupation have a relationship with the dependent variable.

In this study, a constitutive equation based on the hyperbolic sine Arrhenius-type model has been developed to describe the hot deformation behavior of a Fe-17Cr-7Ni (17-7PH), semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel. The experimental data obtained from hot compression tests at 950-1100°C and strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1 establish the constitutive equation. The material constants of α, A, n, and Q were calculated, using the developed model related to the applied strain by 6 The average error (AARE) and correlation coefficient (R) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the constitutive equation. The average values obtained for AARE and R were 5.17% and 0.9904, respectively. The results indicated that the developed constitutive equation can predict the flow stress behavior of the studied alloy with good accuracy over a wide range of experimental conditions. The model can be, therefore, recommended for analysis of hot deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution.

Metal injection molding (MIM) is a novel process classified in powder metallurgy. This process can produce complex metallic parts with high rate of production and consists of four stages, including mixing, injection, debinding, and sintering, where the properties of the final part highly depends on the parameters of each of these stages. In this study, the parameters of injection pressure, injection and mold temperature, holding pressure, holding time, injection speed, and cooling time on the density, strength, and hardness of the final MIM compact have been investigated. By the design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) method, 50 samples have been injected using different parameters. In order to measure the density, tensile strength, ad hardness of the samples, the debinding and sintering procedures have been done on the injected samples. The results show that the injection pressure, injection temperature, and mold temperature have the highest effect on the strength and density of the final part, respectively, and on the other hand, holding pressure, holding time, and cooling time have a negligible effect. Within the measured properties, density and strength are more affected by the injection parameters compared to hardness. Finally, the optimum injection parameters for samples made of 4605 low alloy steel include injection pressure of 133 bar, injection temperature of 158, mold temperature of 60, the holding pressure of 70 bar, holding time of 8 second, injection speed of 112 mm/min, and cooling cycle of 17 second.

To compare the central corneal thickness measured through Pentacam, OCTCasia2, and Orbscan IIz in normal individuals. In this cross sectional comparative study, the researcher investigated the eyes of 70 normal candidates (140 eyes) with the mean age of 31.42 ± 7.70, referring to Dr. Sedaghat eye clinic for refractive surgery. For each person, Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) was measured, using 3 devices including Pentacam, OCTCasia2 and Orbscan. The data were collected and analyzed. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was employed to assess correlation of 3 devices with each other. Bland-Altman plot was also used to evaluate the agreement between devices. The mean CCT measured through Orbscan, Pentacam, and OCTCasia2 was reported to be 535.06±35.11 µm, 525.21±31.60 µm, and 511.06±30.87 µm, respectively. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient between Pentacam-OCTCasia2, OCTCasia2-Orbscan, Pentacam-Orbscan were r=0.955; P<0.001, r=0.913; P<0.001, r=0.941; P<0.001, respectively. There was a very good correlation and agreement between devices, but none of the devices had the ability to replace each other.

Soil slope stability analysis, is one of the most important issues in the design of earth dams, roads, canals and levee. One of these methods is the limit equilibrium analysis with horizontal and vertical slices method.To evaluate the results of horizontal and vertical slice method in the calculation of stability safety factor, at first Two formulations of each method selected, then stability Safety factor has been achieved with the use of these methods for several slopes. The exact amount of stability safety factor by using of the analytical method has been obtained then the accuracy of the each method and comparison of their results with each other is studied.Considering studies at this research, concludes that at generally vertical slices method results exact and with a few confidence rand. Whereas horizontal slices method results have a relationship with selected formulation. In cases where the soil is layered horizontal or issues with horizontal forces, horizontal slices method provide greater ease of use. Finally, explained recommendations for using slice method.

Islam has considered “Health” of human beings from different angles such as physical and spiritual as well as individual and social aspects. We referred to the Qur’an, its interpretations, and hadith books to consider the Islamic issues related to the different aspects of health. In this regard, the examples were presented in the form of verses and traditions. The Holy Qur’an has reminded us to endeavor in improving our physical health. Many of the verses in the Holy Qur’an such as Ala'raf/31 and 157, Al Maedah/1 and 96, Al-Nahl/14, 68, and 69, Al-Abas/24, and Al-kahf/19 have manifested the “physical health” as the key word in this field. Also, Holy prophet has endorsed the importance of keeping in progress the health of every individual in the society. The aim of this review was to express the importance of physical health and its promotion from the point of view of Islamic teachings, Qur'an, and tradition (Hadith). When there was no new science and people were in a dreadful darkness of knowledge, Islam established health foundations. Allah has bestowed health to His servants, who should keep it through their life. There are many principles for humans to keep their health such as decline in eating too much food, providing food through law-abiding channels of Islam, taking advantage of fruits, taking bath per day, brushing the teeth, etc. If we follow the recommendations of Islam, we will not get sick and there will be no need to tolerate painful treatment.

Nanotechnology deals with objects and materials in nanometer scale and it is being expanded in the field of materials tools and systems. Nowadays, human knowledge in nanotechnology is going through a commercializing path in order to provide more services. Living creatures are built of cells with 10 μm size.  Some nanoparticles application in biology and medicine include drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, and tumor destruction with heat. These procedures, which are done with nanoparticles manipulation, have two specific phase in general; in phase one, the amount of critical force and time are calculated based on dimensional and peripheral parameters. Now, it is tried to calculate nanoparticles displacement and velocity during the process in the phase two of nanoparticles manipulation. Also, in this paper, nanoparticles displacement and velocity were investigated in two dimensional space, using three main friction model namely coulomb, Hk, and lugre in phase two of nanoparticles manipulation. According to the results of this project, maximum speed and displacement was obtained, using lugre friction model and the minimum amounts in coulomb model. Also, with particles radius increase, displacement and velocity were reduced; this effect is engendered even without considering friction factor. Correspondingly, considering accuracy and validity, the coulomb model was the least accurate model and lugre was the most accurate one and the HK model was placed between these two models.

Functional ankle instability is a common musculoskeletal injury. Patients with impaired proprioception and permanent impairment in postural stability. The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term effect of kinesio tape on joint position sense, proprioception and postural control in patients with functional ankle instability. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 20 non-athlete women aged 18 to 45 years with functional ankle instability. The joint position sense test was performed by Motion Analyzer, sense of force was examined by Load Cell, and balance strength test was done by Force Plate before and after kinesio taping. Kinesio tape was used with a tendon correction technique for the anterior tibialis, peroneus and gastrosoleus muscles.
FINDINGS: The absolute error of the joint position sense (0.98 ± 0.79 degrees), the sense of force (5.43±2.89 n) and postural control (5.73±1.37 ms) decreased to (p<0.001, 2.49±1.49 degrees), (p = 0.004, 10.18±6.09 n) and (p = 0.01, 6.91±1.75 ms), respectively, after using kinesio tape in the affected patients. The results of the study showed that immediately after kinesio taping in patients with functional ankle instability, the absolute error of the joint position sense, the sense of force and postural control decreased and joint proprioception improved.

In this research, core-shell particles of silica/fluorescein isocyanate were prepared by Stober method. By changing the pH of the reaction, the particles were produced in two different sizes. The results of infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy showed that the molecules of fluorescein isocyanate were attached to the silica by a silane coupling agent. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images showed that relatively uniform particles with average diameter of 326 and 176 nm have been produced. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent core-shell nanoparticles with greater diameter was more than three times greater than that of fluorescein isocyanate. Besides, the fluorescence intensity of particles with larger diameter was higher than that of particles with smaller diameter. The fluorescence intensity of nanoparticles in the solutions of phosphate buffer with different pH showed that the fluorescence intensity of the nanoparticles was linearly increased by increasing the pH of solution. The slope of the fitted line was greater for the larger particles; which indicated that the larger nanoparticles had higher sensitivity to the changes in the pH of the environment.

Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) has a high potential to provide 3D data for research and operational applications in a wide range of disciplines related to management of forest ecosystems and urban trees. Most proposed methods for extracting the individual trees first detect the points of tree top or bottom and then use them as starting points in a segmentation algorithm. Hence, in these methods, the number and the locations of detected peak points effect on the process of detecting individual trees heavily. In this study, a new method is presented to extract the individual tree segments using LiDAR points with 10 cm point density. In this method, a two-step strategy is performed for the extraction of individual tree LiDAR points: finding deterministic segments of individual trees points and allocation of other LiDAR points based on these segments. This research is performed on two study areas in Zeebrugge, Bruges, Belgium. The accuracy assessment of this method showed that with the increasing detection rate of young trees, it could correctly classified 74.51% of trees with 21.57% and 3.92% under- and over-segmentation errors, respectively.

To investigate the behavior of the superalloy deformation behavior of GTD 111 casting, the hot-pressure tests were carried out at a temperature range of 950 -1100 ° C and strain rates of 1- 0.001 s-1. All of the flow curves showed a relatively linear tension increase to one peak point and then its descent to a strain of 0.5, and the region of steady state deformation with constant stress was not observed. This process was attributed to the control of dislocations by the dendritic structure and their amplification at peak point. Microstructural investigations showed that the hot work would break the structure of the dendritic network and create separate cells. An increase in the temperature of the hot work, resulted an increase in the decomposition of the structure and the achievement of larger cells coused by dissolution of broken dendritic particles. Also, with the increase in the rate of deformation at a given temperature, the decomposition rate of the dendritic network decreased and its elongation increased in the direction of the deformation. Using the fundamental constants of material, n, b and a were determined at the peak point. Also, with the help of the fundamental relationship of sinuses hyperbolic, the amount of activation energy at the peak and the strain of 0.4 samples was 947 kJ / mol and 890 kJ / mol, respectively. These results showed that the deformation activation energy decreases with increasing strain and breaking the dendritic structure into distinct cells.

Monthly length frequency data of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis were collected from the coastal waters of the north east of the Persian Gulf, from January 2012 to January 2013. Software package FiSAT was used to analyze the length frequency data. Growth parameters, mortalities, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern were estimated from the carapace length in the area. Based on length – weight relationships, the estimated parameter a was 0.0015 for males and females and b was 2.8015 for males and 2.7852 for females. The estimated growth parameters: L∞=39.5 mm, K=1.8 year−1 and t0=-0.08 year−1 for males and L∞=50 mm, K=1.5 year−1 and t0=-0.09 year−1 for females. Longevity was estimated 1.67 and 2.00 years for males and females, respectively. The estimated mortality coefficients, were Z=5.9 (4.89 – 6.92) year−1 (α=0.05), M=2.9 year−1 and F=3.0 year−1 for males and Z=5.7 (4.94–6.37) year−1 (α=0.05), M=2.5 year−1 and F=3.2 year−1 for females. The length at first capture, Lc estimated from the probability of capture routine was 23.3 mm for males and 24.2 mm for females. Sex ratio (M:F=1.1:1) was significantly different to 1:1. The exploitation rates of shrimp were 0.49 and 0.56 for males and females, respectively which could get higher because the survival of spawning stock after the fishing season is related to environmental factors and has less effect on the next year’s biomass. Recruitment was continued throughout the year but with one major peak in July to November.

The issue of marital infidelity in Iranian society is a growing concern that is associated with unsustainable relationships and high divorce rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sensation seeking, positive and negative affect, alexithymia and marital infidelity.
This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The population of the study included all women and men with and without marital infidelity in Dezful city. 200 women were selected by snowball sampling and placed in two groups with and without marital infidelity. The research tools were Zuckerman's sensation-seeking scale; positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) and Toronto alexithymia scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS v20 and logistic regression analysis.
The results showed that negative affect, alexithymia, and sensation seeking variables were 94%, 95% and 92% predictive of marital infidelity, respectively. Considering the factor load of variables, alexithymia empowerment is more likely to predict marital infidelity than other variables. Also, the results showed that positive affect had no significant relationship with marital infidelity.
The results showed that individuals with sensation seeking personality characteristics, alexithymia, and negative affect are at high risk of marital infidelity. Therefore, the study of sensation seeking personality characteristics, alexithymia, and negative affect offers suitable ideas for working in the field of betrayal and marital decency to family counselors and couples therapists.

Considering the role of plasticizers in the processability of solidpropellants, recentlymany researcheshave been carried out on the development and investigation of the role of these plasticizersonthe improvement of the propellants’ properties. These compounds are used in the formulation of double base and composite propellants to improve processability during propellantpreparation and thus to improve the mechanical properties of propellant. Energetic plasticizers, in addition to improving mechanical properties, increase energy and improve the explosive performance of the propellant. Although a lot of studies have been carried out in the field of plasticizers in recent years, but due to the complex structure of solid propellantsand the various mechanismsofplasticization, the need to design new plasticizers with high energy and the ability to interact with various polymeric structuresof propellantis tangible. Recently, ionic liquids and energeticionicliquids have been studied for this purpose. Ionic liquids with good properties such as structural designability, low vapor pressure, miscibility with various compounds, and the ability to make covalent bond with polymer, have the requirementsas desirable alternatives forcommonplasticizers.

Iran is located in one of the most sensitive parts of the world; a place where besides wars and terrorist attacks, embodies many natural disasters every year and brings a lot of human and financial damages. So, because of the accumulation of material and spiritual capital of the country, focusing on cities is very important. Cities of Khouzestan Province, in addition to a lot of damage during the eight years Iraq war against Iran, nowadays are also exposed to different types of natural and manmade disasters. Dezful has a strategic situation in the province and according to the records during the holy defrence war, it had repeatedly been attacked by enemy missiles. Hospitals are one of the most important infrastructures of cities that, in addition to providing services at normal times, should also perform well during the crisis. Obviously, the hospital that has properly implemented the principles of passive defense can play such a role. Accordingly, Dr. Gonjavian Hospital in Dezful has been selected as an active and important hospital in Dezful whose design and location have been investigated. According to criteria extracted for the analysis, the hospital in terms of location is consistent with the principles of passive defense. But in terms of architecture and building design, defense principles have been partially implemented at the building and other principles and different designs can be performed in hospitals’ vision without making major changes to the building.

In this paper, the failure analysis was performed on a crashed airplane trunk sample. Received sample was composed of five different layers; Al 2024 as outer layer, a nearly pure Al clad, an anodized layer, an isolating material and the alloy 413 as interior layer. Macro and micro-cracks in the sample were mostly initiated from the areas close to or around the rivets. These cracks initiated in anodized layer, got through the cladding and entered into the outer Al 2024. Few corrosion sites similar to crevice were also observed behind the rivets and between isolating and cladding layers. It was found that the crevice corrosion and fatigue were responsible to form micro-cracks at these sites.  Microstructural observations of Al 2024 layer showed that the micro-cracks were mostly initiated form inside out then they progressed through the interfaces of second phase particles and the matrix. It was found that larger particles were in favor of crack propagation along their interfaces. Second phase large particles are attributed to over-aging of trunk sample which was subjected to excessive heat from the engines.