moslem akbari

 Adolescence is a critical stage of psychological development, during which many psychological and personality disorders typically begin to manifest. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between adolescent perception of the family psychosocial climate with depression and suicidal tendencies in adolescent girls.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was quantitative and correlational. The statistical population included all high school female students in the city of Torbat-e Jam during the 2021-2022 academic year, from which 160 individuals were selected using cluster sampling. The research instruments in this study included the Adolescents' Perception of Family Psychosocial Climate Questionnaire by Rajayi, Khoei Nejad, and Toosi (2013), the Beck Depression Inventory (1961), and the Teenagers' Suicide Questionnaire by Keith (1984). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis with SPSS-25 software.

 The results of the study indicated that there is a significant negative relationship between adolescents' perception of the family psychosocial climate with depression (r=-0.55, p<0.01) and suicidal tendencies (r=-0.51, p<0.01) in adolescent girls. Furthermore, the results showed that the family autonomy and parental intimacy components predict adolescent depression, while the family security and agreement and consistency between parents and children components predict adolescent suicidal tendencies.

 The family psychosocial climate is an important variable that is associated with depression and suicidal tendencies in adolescent girls.

In the last decade, the number of researches focused on the mental health of sexual minorities has increased. In this study, sexual minority refers to people who have problems with their sexual identity. Gender identity means the internal perception of oneself as male or female or bisexual: this concept should not be considered as a binary; Gender identity can cover a spectrum from masculinity to femininity. In addition, a person may not identify himself as a woman or a man. The development of sexual identity in this minority is a complex process, people in this group experience many discriminations, restrictions and hostility in the society. People in this minority are exposed to isolation, violence, sometimes from the family and sometimes from peers, sometimes from the society, they are exposed to many stigmas and they are exposed to annoying behaviors from the society.Transgender people often face various manifestations of discrimination, including violence and harassment, occupational and job discrimination and even discrimination in receiving health care services, therefore, it is not surprising that transgender people experience a high level of psychological distress. Minority stress theory, which is a social theory, states that stress that is rooted in the experience of discrimination and social stigmas can endanger mental well-being, according to this theory, inequality that sexual minority people experience has many unpleasant psychological consequences, one of which is suicide attempt. Research confirms that these people are more likely to commit suicide, have clinical conditions such as depression and anxiety, or tend to use drugs more than normal sex groups.Suicide, suicidal thoughts, suicide planning, self-harm and attempted suicide are among the main issues in public health that can be prevented. Suicide is a complex phenomenon. A phenomenon that is influenced by various personal, social, and environmental factors at different stages of a person's life. Psychiatric disorders, history of abuse in childhood have a significant impact on suicide attempts. The findings show that the possibility of committing suicide among sexual minority people is more than other groups of society. According to the World Health Organization, belonging to a sexual minority group is itself a cause of suicide. Statistics show that people in the sexual minority group are 1.5 to 2 times more prone to suicide, self-mutilation and depression than other people.

In order to access studies related to the purpose of the study, in domestic databases (SID, ISC, Noormags, Magiran, IranMedex and Irandoc) and international databases (Google-Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, ProQuest, Springer) using related keywords. , was searched between 2012 and 2022. Finally, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies were finally selected. The following keywords were used to search for articles: a term that refers to trans people (trans-sexual, transgender, gender dissatisfaction, disorder gender identity, trans), terms that examine self-injurious behavior (self-mutilation, self-mutilation, non-suicidal self-mutilation) and to examine suicide from the keywords (suicide, suicide, suicidal thoughts, attempted suicide and mortality) has been used. Transgender terms along with the prepositions "and" and "or" were searched with the words suicide and self-mutilation. The articles used included researches that investigated the prevalence of suicide and self-harming behaviors in the transgender community. In addition, researches that investigated the potential factors that could lead to suicide and self-mutilation in transgender people are included in this research. Among the inclusion criteria, it is possible to mention the selection of only original research studies that were published in English. Also, only studies were selected where the diagnosis of gender phobia was made by a mental health specialist (psychiatrist-clinical psychologist). Published studies were selected only if their journals were double-blind peer review. Also, only studies published after 2012 were selected. Also, the exclusion of other articles such as reviews, case studies, and books, exclusion of studies before 2012, and non-use of an expert in transgender diagnosis were among the most important exclusion criteria. A total of 80 articles on this topic were found and duplicates were removed. The remaining abstracts were reviewed considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and irrelevant ones were removed. The full text of the articles was reviewed by two authors separately. Finally, 15 studies were found to be eligible for inclusion in the review.

In the studies that were reviewed in this research, a high prevalence of self-harming behavior among sexually bored people is confirmed. This behavior has been more in transgender men compared to people of the same gender. This finding can be assumed that the gender they were born with at birth, i.e. the female phenotype, plays a role in the way people face their feelings and resolve them. This finding is in line with researches that have shown that the possibility of self-harming behavior is higher in same-gender women than in transgender women. Despite gender differences, the rate of engaging in self-harming behavior is higher among transgender people than people of the same gender. This issue itself indicates an inconsistent way of coping in transgender people. According to the reviewed researches, this is also the case in suicide. Studies have shown that the rate of suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts and the prevalence of suicide in transgender people even after gender reassignment surgery is higher compared to people of the same gender. Researches that have been reviewed show that the amount of self-harming behavior decreases after the process of gender adjustment. The findings of this research confirm a strong correlation between being transgender and committing suicide and self-mutilation. Most of these people, rather than committing self-harm and suicide with the intention of dying, use it as an incompatible coping method in response to problems, but it exposes them to death. The findings can indicate the vulnerability of transgender people to mental health problems. The increase in the suicide rate in the trans population with increasing age can be related to the lack of social support, feelings of loneliness, being a victim of violence and discrimination. These factors also lead to a decrease in the quality of life of transgender people.

From this research review, it can be concluded that transgender people are at a higher risk of committing suicide and self-harmful behavior than people of the same gender. It seems necessary that in the future researches, this issue should be addressed more on how effective treatment measures can be taken to reduce risk behaviors and improve social support in these people. Therefore, mental health professionals who are in contact with these people need the necessary training to prevent suicide. For this reason, it seems that interventions that lead to an increase in social support and teach interpersonal skills to these people can be effective in reducing self-injurious behavior. For example, among trans people, families understand their child's gender identity less and accept the gender adjustment process. For some trans people, the desire to transition can lead to a complete disconnection with the family. On the other hand, the family's non-acceptance can prevent transgender people from exploring their identity. These things can lead to the experience of depression. It seems that therapeutic actions on the family of transgender people can increase the social support that people need. This process itself can lead to the improvement of the mental health of transgender people. Some interventions can also lead transgender people to learn more adaptive ways of coping.

Suicide is one of the most complex human phenomena, which according to the fifth diagnostic manual of mental disorders (DSM-5), is defined as a behavior in which a person commits suicide with the aim of killing himself, and suicide without the intention of killing himself and usually to get attention and points (1). It is from others, it is distinguished (3). According to the statistics published by the health organization, about 1 million people die each year due to suicide, which is called suicide leading to death. But if we want to consider the statistics related to suicide attempts, usually the statistics of suicide attempts are 20 to 50 times higher than suicides leading to death (6). In justifying this statistic, it can be said that since women commit suicide about 2 to 3 times more than men, suicide leads to death in men 2 to 3 times more than women, so in societies where women commit suicide more, the rate of suicide is Slaughter of pigs can lead to death many times more than suicide (9). People with perfectionist traits have ambitious, vague and unattainable goals. Perfectionism is a motivational component and includes the individual's efforts to achieve the perfect self. These people are very precise and critical (14), so that they cannot accept their faults, mistakes and failures in different aspects. In addition, it has been found that perfectionism is related to a wide range of mental disorders related to suicide, such as obsession (15), anxiety (16), depression (17) and bipolar disorder (18). Therefore, it seems that perfectionism can be related to suicide. Previous studies have also shown that perfectionism has a significant relationship with imposter syndrome and suicidal thoughts, that the higher the level of perfectionism in a person, the more likely that person feels unworthy and has suicidal thoughts (19). Also, it seems that perfectionism is more prevalent in girls than in men, and media and advertisements, by portraying successful and attractive people, have also played an important role in increasing perfectionism among different people, especially young people and teenagers (19). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and suicidal thoughts and behavior among teenagers.

The method of this study is descriptive and according to the implementation method, it is a type of review articles. Review studies are a type of qualitative research that is used to investigate phenomena and identify important categories based on previous research sources. This method is useful when research sources are rich in the field of the phenomenon in question. In such a situation, by using review studies, the underlying categories of the studied phenomenon can be identified, classified and summarized.
The research community includes all the articles with the English keywords Perfectionism, perfect, sense of perfection along with suicide, suicide attempt, suicide ideation, self-harm, self-injury in foreign databases Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, Google-Scholar, Science Direct and the keywords of perfectionism, perfectionism, perfectionism, perfectionism and perfectionism along with suicide, suicidal thoughts, attempted suicide, self-harm, self-injury and self-harm in adolescents in SID, Normags, Magiran, Civilica, ISC, Google -Scholar, which was published between 2003 and 2023. In order to select relevant studies, the Prism guide was used for review studies (22). Initially, 241 articles were selected using the above keywords in internal and external search engines. After that, 187 studies were excluded due to non-relevance, 29 due to duplicates in search engines. From the remaining 25 studies, after fully reading the articles and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 more studies were excluded and 14 studies were selected for the final sample selection

The results of this study showed that out of 14 studies conducted, 5 studies were conducted in Canada, 3 studies were conducted in America, 2 studies were conducted in Israel and China, South Korea, Hungary, and England each conducted 1 study. Also, only three studies were related to before 2000, 3 studies were between 2000 and 2010, and most of the studies were related to the last decade and 5 studies were related to the last 5 years. Also, out of the 14 selected studies, most of the studies used the Children and Adolescents Perfectionism Questionnaire (CAPS) to measure perfectionism (9 studies out of 14 studies). However, different tools have been used to measure suicidal thoughts and behavior. Among the conducted studies, 5 studies have less than 100 participants, 5 studies have between 100 and 200, three have between 200 and 1000 and only one study has more than 1000 subjects.

The results of the research showed that there is a very strong possibility that perfectionism is related to suicidal thoughts and it seems that perfectionism can increase the possibility of suicidal behavior in teenagers by intensifying mental disorders, especially depression, despair, eating and sleeping disorders in teenagers, but not all types of perfectionism seem to be negative. Limited studies have shown that hard-working perfectionist teenagers show very low levels of suicidal thoughts and behavior, so it can be said that perfectionism that is passive and accompanied by procrastination increases the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Gives. Therefore, in order to reduce the suicide rate and prevent and treat suicidal people, health professionals should pay more attention to their perfectionism, so that in addition to improving the mental health of adolescents and the possibility of developing their talents, the society also does not lose its dynamic and youthful force. be your own development.

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of family-based therapy for anorexia and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the self-concept of female students suffering from anorexia nervosa. The method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test and quarterly follow-up with the control group. The statistical population was adolescent girls suffering from anorexia nervosa in the academic year 2020-2021 in Karaj, 45 students and their families were purposefully selected based on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. During 10 sessions, the first experimental group received family-based therapy and the second experimental group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Participants in all groups were assessed in the pre-test, post-test and quarterly follow-up stages by the Rogers self-concept scale. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance and mixed analysis of variance showed that both FBT treatment and ACT treatment lead to positive self-image in students. There is also no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods. The follow-up results also showed that the effectiveness of both methods is lasting.

Internet addiction is one of the effective factors in reducing academic and communication development in students. The aim of this study was to predict cyber victimization in high school high school intelligence students based on emotional self-awareness due to smartphone addiction.

The statistical population included all gifted students in Alborz province in the academic year 1399-1400. 253 people were selected by available sampling method and then answered the standard questionnaires of emotional self-awareness of Grant et al., Quan et al. Data were analyzed by path analysis method using Amos-23.

According to the findings, the direct relationship between emotional self-awareness and cyber victimization in gifted students is not significant (p <0.05), but the direct relationship between smartphone addiction and cyber victimization in gifted students is negative and significant. (P 01 0.01 and β = -0.29). Also, the direct relationship between emotional self-awareness and smartphone addiction in gifted students is negative and significant (p /0 0.01 and β = -0.15).Regarding the mediating role of smartphone addiction in the relationship between emotional self-awareness and cyber victim, they show that this path is significant (β = 0.09 p 01 0.01).

It can be said that there is a connection between emotional self-awareness and mobile phone addiction. As a result, smartphone addiction can be reduced by increasing students' emotional self-awareness and helping their academic growth.

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction of the employees in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute This study was applied in terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation method, except for descriptive correlation research. A sample of 288 people was randomly selected from the staff of the faculty and non-faculty of the institute. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires whose formal validity has been confirmed. Questioner’s reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha. Qualities of work life and job satisfaction were 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests (T-sample, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression). The results show that the variable status of quality of working life in the institute is lower than average and among its three components of legalism in the organization; the general living space and development of human capabilities are not in good condition. There is also a significant relationship between the components of quality of working life and job satisfaction. Due to the importance of quality of work life in job satisfaction of employees, managers are advised to pay special attention to improving the quality of working life in the institute.

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder face many psychological and social problems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the components of psychological well-being of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research design was quasi-experimental. Thirty children were randomly selected from children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Qom and were divided into experimental and control groups (15 experimental and 15 control). Aerobic exercise training was performed on the experimental group for eight weeks, three sessions per week for 45 minutes. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that the psychological well-being scores for the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group. Aerobic exercise promotes the components of psychological well-being (self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, independence, mastery of the environment, purposeful life, and personal growth) of the children in the experimental group.

Aerobic exercise seems to be a suitable treatment strategy without side effects to improve and enhance the psychological well-being of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This finding emphasizes the need for physical activity.

The aim of this study is to compare the brain-behavioral systems in people before and after open-heart surgery.The present research is a descriptive study with a comparative and retrospective causal method with purposeful sampling. The statistical population of the study includes 210 people, encompassing 70 people who underwent open-heart surgery, 70 volunteered for open-heart surgery and 70 other with a history of heart diseases. the information was collected in addition to the demographic questionnaire through the Gray-Wilson personality questionnaire. Then, in order to analyze the collected data, statistical models of multivariate and univariate analysis of variance were used. The results showed that, patients candidate for open-heart surgery scored higher than patients who underwent surgery and the control group in behavioral activation measure. According to the findings in the behavioral inhibition component, there is a significant difference between the three groups. Patients who underwent surgery received the minimum scores in active avoidance, further people who underwent open-heart surgery received lower scores than patients who were candidate for surgery and the control group in extinction measurement.Therefore, due to the decrease in the performance of the behavioral activation system and the increase in the performance of the behavioral inhibition system, behavioral-activation-based interventions under the supervision of psychologists should be planned and implemented for these patients.

Mental disorders in people who stutter are controversial among researchers. This review study aims to probe four common mental disorders, including anxiety, social phobia, depression, and suicide in people who stutter (PWS) as well as in people who do not stutter (PWNS).

For the purpose of this review study, we searched 5 combined keywords, including stutter and anxiety, stutter and social anxiety, stutter and depression, stutter and mental disorders, as well as stutter and suicide on Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and Scopus from 1985 to 2020. From among 321 papers searched, a total of 34 research papers were related to this study.

According to the results, anxiety and social anxiety were the most common mental disorders in the stuttering population. Unfortunately, most studies on stuttering and mental disorders have been conducted on adults, while mental disorders, especially anxiety, most likely occur during adolescence. Findings on depression were very heterogeneous, accordingly, sometimes no difference was observed, and sometimes the rate of depression was found to be higher in the PWS than in the control group. It seems depression in PWS increases with aging. There is no adequate research on the relationship between suicide and stuttering, but a positive association has been established between suicide and anxiety as well as between social anxiety and depression.

The rate of anxiety and social anxiety was higher in PWS than in PWNS. We need more research on mental disorders in PWS because various psychological aspects, especially depression, have not yet been fully studied in people who stutter.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on depression among the adults with stuttering.
This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all adults referred to speech therapy clinics in Karaj City, Iran, in 2016; among them, 40 respondents diagnosed with depression were selected via available sampling and randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. The depression level was assessed among all the patients using the Beck Depression Inventory (pretest). Interventions were administered based on cognitive therapy in 10 sessions for the experimental group. At the end of intervention, all the participants were assessed again for depression level (posttest). The data were analyzed via SPSS software using ANCOVA test.
Comparing the mean pretest and posttest scores in both the experimental and control groups, the mean posttest depression score decreased significantly in experimental group (P Our results provide the evidence to suggest that cognitive therapy is an excellent method for treatment of depression in adults with stuttering. In addition, regarding the effectiveness of intervention, it can be widely used for treatment of mental disorders in clinics.

Ecosystem of arid and semiarid regions of the world, much of the country lies in the sensitive and fragile environment Canvases are that factors in the extinction and destruction are easily destroyed in this paper, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are introduced to obtain improved regional low-flow estimates at ungauged sites. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) network is used to identify the functional relationship between low-flow quantiles and the physiographic variables. Each ANN is trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. To improve the generalization ability of a single ANN, several ANNs trained for the same task are used as an ensemble. The bootstrap aggregation (or bagging) approach is used to generate individual networks in the ensemble. The stacked generalization (or stacking) technique is adopted to combine the member networks of an ANN ensemble. The proposed approaches are applied to selected catchments in the Lorestan province, Iran, to obtain estimates for several representative low-flow quantiles of summer and winter time. The jackknife validation procedure is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. The ANN-based approaches are compared with the traditional parametric regression models. The results indicate that both the single and ensemble ANN models provide superior estimates than these of the traditional regression models. The ANN ensemble approaches provide better generalization ability than the single ANN models.