n. soleimani

In regard to the enhanced use of mammography screening tests for screening breast cancer, some concerns on the enhancement of the patient's absorbed dose have increased as well. Therefore, the assessment of the patient's dose before mammography is very important, and being aware of the dose level by its estimation can be helpful before radiation.

To this end, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used in this study to estimate the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK). A phantom with similar characteristics of the breast tissue was also used to collect the required data and the network was trained using some measurable parameters. To conduct the current research, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network architecture with training algorithms of LMBP, SCGBP, Rprop, BFGS, and GDBP, as well as radial basis function (RBF) neural network were used.

The results show that the neural network with BFGS training algorithm and 38 hidden layer neurons has the best performance with 7.40% root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) was obtained as 0.91.

According to the results of this study, there is a good correlation between the estimated network output and the measured values of the ESAK. The present method will remove the limitations and costs associated with the preparation process of dosimeter instruments.

Criticism of the history of philosophy and epistemology certainly requires great courage Because the effects and consequences of this can have dangerous consequences. When we ignore any metaphysical and meta-human being and explain any epistemological issue in general in explaining our knowledge strategy the result can then lead to nihilism, nihilism, disorder, and anarchism, which can be dangerous and toxic to both the individual and society. While we expect to encounter such nonsense in Rortychr('39')s thought, On the contrary, the philosopher in question claims that his thought will not lead to what has been mentioned. Rather, it is the percentage of pleasure, happiness and bliss for human beings; Because, however, there is no more talk of truth and goodness But by widening the solidarity between the human "us" as much as possible, it seeks to change this path and lead to a human utopia. Our purpose in writing this article is to examine and analyze the place of the epistemological foundations of ethics in Rortychr('39')s thought.

Kidney transplantation can increase survival and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease. In any allocation system, the crossmatch test plays an essential role in donor-recipient compatibility.

In this study, we aim to test the benefits of a web-based program that captures HLA antibody analyses and provides a report to allow fast and accurate virtual crossmatches.

One hundred potential recipients in the waiting list of renal transplants were selected. The included patients all had a complete HLA antibody profile. Also, 10 potential donors from previous kidney transplants (2020), with available HLA typing results for A, B, and DR locus, were also selected. A comparison was made between 100 recipients against ten potential donors, and virtual crossmatching (VXM) was performed by the web-based program and manually by an experienced immunologist.

The average time for a manual VXM was 30 minutes per patient, while the virtual cross webbased program took 5 minutes per patient. In 12% of the manual VXM cases, a secondary review of data improved final results. In two manual virtual crossmatches, the VXM results had errors in matching recipient antibodies with the donor HLA typing that could affect the final decision for transplantation.

In conclusion, a web-based VXM program that assesses HLA data can accurately perform a VXM with fewer human errors. It is especially true for highly sensitized candidates

The present study aimed to investigate and compare the extent of using educational technologies to enhance students’ critical thinking in Iranian and Russian first-grade elementary school experimental science textbooks.

The research employs descriptive-analytical method. Its sample consists of Iranian and Russian first-grade elementary school experimental sciences textbooks. The research instrument is a researcher-made checklist of critical thinking and soft and hard technology. The validity of this checklist was confirmed by experienced teachers and four professors in the field of educational sciences (educational technology and primary education). The reliability and validity of the tools have been calculated by using the formula of William Rumi.

The results of analyzing the content of the experimental sciences textbooks showed that the first-grade textbooks of both countries used hard and soft technologies to teach critical thinking. The percentage of using soft technology was 75.65% and that of using hard technology was 24.35% to foster the critical thinking spirit in the Iranian first grade textbooks of experimental sciences. Moreover, the percentage of using soft technology was 51.64% and that of using hard technology was 48.35% to enhance the critical thinking spirit in the Russian textbooks. In addition, among the components of critical thinking, the highest percentage of 25.49% in Iran was related to the engagement component and in Russia, the highest percentage of 32.02% was related to the engagement component. In Iran, the lowest percentage of 2.87% among the critical thinking components was related to the judgment and evaluation componentand in Russia, the lowest percentage of 3.84% was related to the judgment and evaluation component. Combining soft and hard technologies in the contents of the first-grade textbooks of experimental sciences provides the possibility of learning more effectively and makes the process of learning more attractive for the students. The percentage of the other components of critical thinking in Russia and Iran has been as follows: the component of appropriate questioning in Russia was 18.33% and 11.60% in Iran; the collectiveness component in Iran was 10.01% and 10.04 % in Russia; the analytical component in Russia was 7.30 %and 5.15 % in Iran; the argument component in Russia was 7.63% and 5.15 % in Iran; the composition component was 7.95 % in Russia and 5.6 % in Iran.

The composition of soft and hard technologies in the content of textbooks provide the possibility of more effective and attractive learning for the students. In fact, soft technologies complement and consolidate hard technologies and give rise to hard technologies and enable the growth and development of critical thinking and related areas. Hard technologies, as accessible and tangible tools, and soft technologies, as a set of ideas, plans, innovations, and initiatives which are crystaliized in educational design, determination and management of educational approaches and patterns, play an important role in increasing the effect of teaching and improving the students' learning. Hard technology in itself has no value; rather it is soft technologies that give credibility and value to hard technologies. It should be borne in mind that formal and superficial changes will not be responsive in revising the curriculum and fundamental logical changes are needed in all curriculum processes. As a result, researchers recommend the coherence and integration of critical thinking in educational textbooks. In this regard, the method of using hard and soft technologies and their implementation in the form of critical thinking components in the first year science textbook of Iran and Russia have been studied and emphasized.

Clostridium novyi is endospore- forming, obligate anaerobic bacteria of the class clostridia. Cultivation of this bacterium in common culture is one of the problems with this bacterium. It is pathogenic, causing a wide variety of diseases in man and animals the spore of this bacterium has also received much attention in the treatment of cancer due to its ability to grow in anaerobic conditions inside solid tumors. In this study, the optimum growth conditions for vegetative and spore form was investigated. Bacterial culture was investigated in different solid media including BHI, Blood Agar, F medium and NP medium in vegetative form. Also, a suitable spore media was introduced, the spore purification method, an easy method for bacterial count and spore aspiration were investigated. The best rich media for C.novyi in vegetative form are F and NP media. That is, by adding horse blood to these media culture, the growth be lux but is not a sufficient factor for growth. There was an almost linear relationship between bacterial absorption and bacterial count for Clostridium novyi. Also, the difference in the number of spores germination which heating at 80 ° C for 15 minutes was significant.

Use of natural coatings with various capabilities provides the opportunity to produce healthier and more acceptable materials, especially for higher value-added products such as dates. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of date coatings on the fruit various characteristics for the purpose of a longer shelf-life.

Mazafati dates were coated with natural polymers (zein, chitosan and pimpernel essential oil). Effects of coating on various characteristics of dates, including moisture content, total soluble solids, acidity, sugar content, pH and sensory characteristics (color, taste, firmness and brightness), were assessed at 4 and -18 oC for the first year and at 10 oC for the second year. Data were analyzed using factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Comparisons of the means were carried out using Duncan method.

In organoleptic characteristics, the highest color score belonged to the fruits with chitosan after three months of storage and the lowest color score belonged to chitosan and oil and to control and oil treatments after 12 and 9 months of storage, respectively. Zein and chitosan treatments included better tastes and textures, compared to those other treatments did. In chemical assessments, zein treatments include the highest and chitosan treatments included the lowest moisture contents. The lowest sugar contents were reported in control. No significant differences were seen in acidity and pH contents of the treatments.

Based on the results of sensory and physicochemical assessments, use of the highlighted coating treatments to preserve physicochemical characteristics of the fruit dates as well as chitosan coating to minimize color and zein coating to minimize flavor changes in dates are recommended.

The world-wide approach to using distance learning technology for education proves that the use of this tool has unique benefits for teaching and learning. However, the use of technology must be carefully monitored. Educational technologies are effective tools, but they do not do extraordinary work on their own. In fact, it is the proper use of them by stakeholders, including professors and students that grant these tools value, efficiency and effectiveness. One of the main features of technology is self-education; but in the course of self-learning, more basic skills must be established and strengthened, including the skills of self-knowledge, self-organization, and self-motivation to study, which ultimately lead to self-development. Appropriate use of educational technologies such as the use of content management systems and their facilities can potentially support the development of various stages of self-development. The use of educational technologies to achieve self-development is associated with significant efforts by teachers and time costs. In addition, professors must have sufficient knowledge, technical skills, talent and experience in this field. These efforts are complemented by a review of goals, content, and the selection of appropriate teaching methods. As a result, if professors are able to select appropriate information sources, analyze and combine different knowledge, it is possible to achieve a different qualitative result. However, there is not always coordination between various elements, and as a result, there are shortcomings in this area. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of self-development of students on their academic achievement through the use of distance learning technology by instructors.

This study was carried out in a statistics course using the quasi- experimental method (pretest-posttest). The statistical population of the study were 664 students in the field of the social sciences (economics and management) of Iranian and Russian virtual universities in the academic years of 2015-2017. 242 students (112 from Russia and 136 from Iran) were chosen among them based on Morgan's table.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test of self-development and academic achievement of Iranian and Russian students.

The use of educational technology by faculty members has a significant effect on improving students' academic achievement and self-development. Usefulness of technologies can be more evident by targeted use of them. The results of this research remind us that a new and different look at technology and its applications is effective in creating new developments and experiences in education. In fact, the purpose of using technology in today's era should be to develop individual and self-development skills, in order to achieve the main goal of education, which is to train active learners who are ready for change, and thus they are able to come up with creative and thoughtful solutions to face the problems of life in the present century, as well as increase their academic performance.

In recent decades, the use of new information and communication technologies around the world has grown rapidly. The proliferation of personal computers, mobile phones or Android phones, and the easy access to the Internet provided by telephone operators have changed the lives of millions of people. These changes have directly and indirectly affected people's behaviors and habits, and even their cognitive and mental characteristics. As the use of the Internet by children and adolescents increases, there are concerns about their online safety. Providing a safe environment requires an in-depth understanding of the types of risks of the online environment, as well as effective solutions to reduce these risks. The issue of cyberspace abuses and the irreparable damage that this environment can do to personality and social image is a matter of consideration, the prevention of which is most of all the responsibility of the educational organizations, and particularly the family. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental supervisory styles and internet safety of children among male and female students of high school.

Descriptive correlational (structural equation modeling) method was used at this study. All the second grade students of high school in Dezful and their parents in the academic year of 2017-2018 were statistical population of this study. According to the sample size, 375 people were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan's tables. Stratified sampling method and random cluster sampling were used for sampling. Two standard questionnaires of determining parental supervisory styles and a researcher-made questionnaire of checking the internet safety of children on a Likert scale were used to collect data. Frequency distribution, mean, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and structural equation model test were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the parenting styles and the level of internet safety of children. Parents' cordial behavior with their children and their proper control give more confidence among family members. The child who feels such a climate feels safe in expressing his Internet needs, the things that are encountered in using the internet, as well as the questions and problems encountered when using the internet will be more comfortable to discuss these issues with parent.

The results show that the highest Internet security of children is observed in the authoritarian regulatory style, followed by the authoritarian style and the negligent style; while the lowest internet security is observed in the non-interfering style. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between parental supervision style and parental Internet security. Parents' sincere behavior and their proper control provide more trust among family members. The child who feels this atmosphere feel more secure and comfortable to express their needs about the Internet, the events that occur in using the Internet, and the questions and problems that they have while using the Internet. Parents with a friendly style and proper control have taken the necessary precautions to use the Internet safely and avoid serious risks. They have clearly set their own rules and expectations for children to use the Internet. And children are aware that they must respect these rules and expectations in order to be loved by their parents. In fact, this group of parents are not far behind their children in issues such as Internet literacy and media literacy, and they know and practice the etiquette of dealing with their children when they use the Internet. 

Agro-processing industries are an important part of agricultural production. Processing procedure leads to the farmers’ additional income by transformation of surplus products to added value. Utilizing the existent possibilities، these industries play an important role in rural development. As one of the main agricultural products of the Kazerun Township، the locational analysis of date processing industries is investigated in this study. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology was used to assess of criteria and determine priorities of sextuple districts of the region for date processing industries. Data was gathered through interviewing the rural industries and agricultural experts of the region and completing the criteria and alternatives pairwise comparison questionnaires. As the results، the relative weights of the criteria were determined as 0. 27، 0. 24، 0. 19، 0. 09، 0. 08، 0. 7 and 0. 06 respectively for raw material availability، economical profitability، transportation accessibility، energy resources، geographical situations، land price and labor force. Regarding these weights and also the alternatives pairwise comparisons، the ultimate prioritization of the sextuple districts of the region for date processing industries was distinguished as 0. 29، 0. 22، 0. 11، 0. 1 and 0. 06 respectively for the districts of Khesht، Central and Kenartakhteh & Komarj (in common)، Jarreh & Baladeh، Chenarshahijan and Kouhmareh.