nahid dehghan nayeri

Caring for COVID-19 patients was a new and challenging experience for nurses. Knowing the effect of psychological, emotional, and spiritual care on physiological responses, nurses provided holistic care.

This qualitative study was conducted with the conventional content analysis approach in one of the referral hospitals for COVID-19 in Iran. Data were collected using in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews. Data was analyzed using the Lundman and Granheim qualitative content analysis and the Lincoln and Goba criteria.

In all 17 nurses were interviewed. The mean age (SD) of participants was 34.41 ± 7.49 years. The findings indicated a "butterfly-like care" with four main categories [caring with all one's heart, resilience, self-sacrifice, and conscious presence in danger).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses, being aware of all the health and social consequences and overcoming fear and doubt, volunteered to take care of patients and save lives, and despite understanding the risk of being infected, they lovingly surrounded the patients. Considering the central role of nurses in the treatment team, special attention should be given to the maintenance and strengthening of nurses in the planning of the development of healthcare systems in the face of the upcoming epidemics.

Migraine is a chronic condition characterized by moderate to severe headache attacks, adversely affecting individual and social quality of life. Given the chronic nature of this disease, it is crucial to find medications that offer fewer side effects and enhanced effectiveness. Agomelatine, a synthetic analogue of the hormone melatonin, shares similar pharmacodynamics, such as stimulating melatonin receptors and inhibiting the 5HT2c receptor. Due to its favorable side-effect profile and high tolerability, agomelatine presents a viable alternative to traditional preventive treatments for migraines.

The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of agomelatine in reducing the severity and frequency of episodic migraine attacks without aura.

This study utilizes a parallel, triple-blind controlled trial design. Patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, who have been definitively diagnosed with episodic migraine without aura and have not received prior severity treatment, are eligible for this randomized controlled trial (RCT). A convenience sample of patients will be recruited from individuals visiting the clinic for migraine issues. If these individuals agree to participate and meet the inclusion criteria, they will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group using a random number table or software. The intervention group will receive 25 mg of agomelatine daily, while the control group will be given vitamin B1 as a placebo. Both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks will be monitored, along with the mean monthly migraine days (MMD) and migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) scores, before and after the intervention.

The aging of the population and an increase in the number of older adults require long-term care and a greater number of nursing homes (NHs). Consequently, identifying relevant cultural factors in NHs may contribute to meeting care needs. This study aimed to explore the culture of nursing care for older adults in NHs in Iran. This interpretive ethnographic study was conducted in two NHs in Kerman. The data were collected through fieldwork, participant observations, field notes, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 26 staff and 7 residents. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The culture of care in NHs revolves around 3 themes including “task-oriented care”, “care deficiency”, and “enthusiastic care”. The results emphasized the value of the cultural atmosphere embedded in NHs. The provided care mostly met the physical and immediate needs of older adults (task-oriented care). In addition, establishing an emotional relationship with older adults can help them better accept care and reduce illness and disability in them.

The pretest-posttest control group design is one of the most widely used quantitative experimental design models for evaluating the efficacy of programs, treatments, and interventions. Despite the prevalence and utility of this research design, best practices for data analytical procedures are not clearly defined. Invalid results decrease the chance of generalization. Given that Iranian Journals are interested in publishing pretest-posttest control group design studies, it is important to denote the accuracy of them. The aim of the current study is to explore the correct procedure for using ANCOVA in pretest-posttest control group designs to mitigate the potential limitations of this approach. This study explores the use of ANCOVA in pretest-posttest control group design. It has been done by analyzing data from experimental studies published in five Iranian journals indexed in PubMed or Scopus between 2011 and 2018. The results indicate that among the 280 published experimental studies in these journals, 53 papers (18.9 percent) used ANCOVA as the statistical test in pretest-posttest studies. The power of the test represents the probability of detecting differences between the groups being compared when such differences exist. Our analysis concludes that ANCOVA, which runs a multiple linear regression, is a suitable method for comparing and examining pretest-posttest study designs. Implications of this study have potential utility for researchers employing the use of pretest-posttest control group designs in various fields in and outside of Iran.

Because nurse prescription has numerous benefits for the health systems, in many countries around the world, nurses are given the right to prescribe medication. In Iran, the role of nurses in prescription drugs is not well understood, and nurses face various challenges in this regard.

A qualitative content analysis methodology based on the Graneheim and Lundman model was used. Thirteen nurses working in medical wards of hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Science were selected to participate in this study by purposeful sampling. Participants were interviewed via telephone using a semi‑structured tool. After thirteen interviews, data saturation was reached. Data collection was undertaken between April 2020 and April 2021.

The results of this study are summarized in one theme, four categories, and ten subcategories. The theme extracted from the data analysis was “the practical challenges of nurse prescription,” which included four main categories: structure challenges, personnel‑related barriers, interprofessional separation, and society’s attitudes.

The results of this study explain the barriers and practical challenges of nurse prescription in Iran. Identifying these challenges and barriers provides the necessary evidence for policymakers to remove and adjust these challenges and barriers. Moreover, the elimination of identified challenges will help nurses better perform their new roles and develop the nursing scope and profession.

According to a global report, 47 million people are currently living with dementia, and due to the aging population, its prevalence is expected to triple by 2050. In the future, Iran is expected to experience a significant increase in the elderly population. Currently, in Iran, the prevalence of dementia among individuals over 60 years old is 7.9%. Therefore, this group represents a significant population that warrants further research (1). The best understanding and explanation of human experiences come from first-hand sources, specifically from people who have experienced those phenomena. Therefore, reliable research sources place great emphasis on including the voices of these individuals (2). Qualitative research out for its collaborative, inclusive, and flexible structure, enabling the exploration of complex issues, including mixed or ambiguous attitudes (2). It can reveal the profound experiences and core values of people with cognitive impairment that may not emerge in quantitative studies. Additionally, qualitative research excels in vividly portraying these experiences and values (3). Throughout history, people with cognitive impairments have been marginalized from engagement in health and social research, resulting in their voices being inadequately represented in such studies. (2, 4). Instead, their perspectives have been channeled through their legal representatives or guardians, a practice that often entails constraints. These limitations include the inability to accurately predict the patient's decision-making process, the amount and manner of information provided, and the weight of decision-making responsibility placed on them (5). Furthermore, excluding these individuals from the research process can dehumanize them and perpetuate negative stereotypes about people with cognitive disorders. This also contributes to power imbalances (2). Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies that ensure the safe participation of these individuals in research endeavors. Through these efforts, we can improve our understanding of policy and measures aimed at promoting health and well-being (6).

Many employees present at work when they are sick, and it is high among medical professionals. The effect of presentism was confirmed on the well-being of nurses, professional burnout and dissatisfaction. The excessive demand to nurses highlights the need to ensure a resilient workforce. Resilience is considered as a personal capacity that enables nurses to adapt to the demands of the workplace. This study was aimed to investigate critical care nurses presentism and its relationship with their resilience

 This was a descriptive in which 300 critical care nurses was selected randomly and responded to the research questions, including resilience and presentism questionnaires in addition to demographic variables. Data were collected online and the SPSS software was used for analysis.

 The findings showed that half of the nurses were in their fourth decade of life; 87% were women and the majority have a bachelor's degree. The majority believed that the scheduling was not done according to their request. Almost half of had an average level of presentism; and the resilience of the majority was also above average. After removing the effect of confounding variables, there was a relationship between presentism and resilience in the regression model (p<0.001). According to the coefficient of determination, the regression model could predict %91 of variance.

 According to the results of the present study, managers are advised to take steps to improve the quality of care by planning to reduce presentism while increasing the resilience of nurses.

Knowledge management is a continuous effort to maintain, direct and purposefully increase the knowledge capital of organizations. Today, in addition to human and economic capitals, other capitals called social capital have been taken into consideration.This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge management and the social capital of nurses working in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the year 2021.

  This correlational study was conducted on two groups of 114 nurses with bachelor's degree and master's degree who were selected by stratified random method. The tools of data collection were knowledge management questionnaire and Nahapit and Ghoshal social capital questionnaire. They were analyzed in SPSS version 16 software with using the descriptive method (frequency distribution of variables, mean) and inferential statistics (independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests).

The results of the research showed that the average score of knowledge management and the range of scores for master's degree and bachelor's degree nurses are 78.12 ± 16.13 (43-115) and (111-27) 75.96 ± 19.47, respectively. In addition, the average score of social capital and the range of scores for master's degree and bachelor's degree nurses are 91.64 ± 20.06 (29-135) and 87.90 ± 25.17 (27-127), respectively. A positive and significant correlation has been observed between the variables of knowledge management and social capital in undergraduate and graduate nurses with scores (P-value ˂0.001, r=0.68) and (P-value ˂0.001, r=0.73), respectively.

Considering the significant correlation between knowledge management and social capital in two groups of nurses, nursing managers can play a significant role in promoting knowledge management and increasing the spirit of team work and raising employees' trust in the organization by holding various programs and collaborative management. Have organizational behavior and excellence in the nursing profession among disciplines.

Working as a child can have various effects on all aspects of children’s health. Investigating and identifying issues related to the health of working children can be useful in promoting their health. Therefore, in this qualitative study, we examined issues related to the mental health and behavior of working children.

This qualitative study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2021 with the contractual content analysis approach. The main participants (N = 32) in this study were working children aged 10 to 18 years. To collect data, in‑depth and semi‑structured interviews were conducted with working children, their parents, and the center officials. In addition to the interview, some field notes were also taken from interactions between working children. After each interview, they were transcribed and coded. After 27 interviews, the data were saturated, no new code was extracted, and further interviews were conducted to ensure data saturation. Data analysis was performed based on the proposed method of Lundman and Graneheim.

The results revealed the three main categories of mental distress (fear and anxiety, depression, loneliness and isolation, decreased self‑confidence, and decentralized mind), social anger (negative social role modeling, harassment and harm of others, reprehensible and antisocial behavior, disregard for the property of others, disrupted relationships, and violence), and in‑group commitment (self‑censorship outside the group, individual independence and group cohesion, and caring for the group).

Most working children suffer from various forms of mental and behavioral issues, which, if not taken care of, can have irreparable consequences.

Natural childbirth after cesarean section or V-back is increasing in Iran. However, the decision to perform V-back is very stressful and challenging for mothers and their families due to the low information about it. Examining the lived experiences of mothers who were able to choose and carry out natural childbirth after cesarean despite the current situation and have experience with both types of delivery can be useful for the country's health managers in making decisions and providing implementation plans and programs. It also improves the health of mothers and the future generation, as well as helps to solve the country's demographic challenges, and may help mothers choose the optimal and healthy method of childbirth for themselves and their loved ones. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the psychological functioning and explaining the lived experiences of these mothers.

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the hermeneutic phenomenological method in the period of 2021 to 2022. The participants in this research were 17 women with a history of natural childbirth after one, two, or three previous cesarean sections, who were selected in a targeted manner and with a maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face-to-face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of Dickelman et al.

In the data analysis, one of the main themes called "spirituality" was identified. This theme was formed by three sub-themes: "Spiritual capital with the use of spiritual intelligence", "Effort and Trust" and "Prayer and Appeal".

From the data analysis, it was concluded that the role of spirituality has been very effective in creating the purposefulness and resilience needed to overcome the fears and challenges in the path of V-back.

Schizophrenia significantly burdens family members when a member of their family is afflicted with this condition. Family caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care and support to individuals experiencing schizophrenia within the community. Therefore, an in-depth study of family caregivers' experiences is crucial for developing effective care quality improvement programs. This study aimed at exploring family caregivers' experiences of the barriers to caregiving to patients with schizophrenia.

Methods & Materials:

 This study was conducted in 2021–2022 through in-depth semi-structured. The duration of the interviews varied in length from 45 to 90 minutes. Interviews were conducted with sixteen family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The conventional content analysis proposed by Graneheim and Lundman was used for data analysis.

The findings can be classified into three primary categories. The category "Inefficiency of Support Resources" encompasses the subcategories of "Inadequate Support by Family Members," "Inadequate Support by the Healthcare System," and "Financial Predicament." The category "Limited Public Knowledge about Psychiatric Disorders" includes the subcategories of "Social Stigmatization" and "Being Social Rejection." Lastly, the category "destructive nature of schizophrenia" encompasses the subcategories of "Gradual Loss of Abilities" and "Gradual Patient Passivity."

Family caregivers encounter various barriers in providing patient care. Thus, they require support from the treatment team and family members, as well as financial and the development of rehabilitation programs. Additionally, involving caregivers in the patient's treatment plan and planning programs to reduce the stigma associated with caregivers is crucial.

Presenteeism and productivity are two crucial aspects within the realm of human resources. Presenteeism poses a significant challenge as it refers to employees being present at the workplace despite being unwell. In the context of nursing services, the productivity objective encompasses attaining a level of nursing care that is both suitable and cost-effective. Due to the importance of presenteeism and productivity, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical presenteeism and productivity of nurses in intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Methods & Materials: 

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020-2021. The sample included 305 nurses working in intensive care units within hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using a stratified simple random sampling technique. The data collection was conducted using a demographic questionnaire, the Stanford presenteeism Scale 6-item questionnaire and the Productivity Assessment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, t-tests, ANOVA and regression analysis).

The levels of presenteeism and productivity among nurses were found to be average based on the mean scores of 19.15±4.7 and 47.4±10.19, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between productivity and presenteeism (r=-0.345). Regarding the demographic variables, only age, working experience in intensive care units, hospital and current department showed a significant inverse relationship with nurses' productivity (P<0.001). The inclusion of these demographic variables and the two main research variables in the regression analysis produced a significant impact on this relationship.

The results of this study showed that nurses' presenteeism diminishes their productivity, which imposes considerable indirect costs on the organization. Given the high prevalence of presenteeism among nurses and its detrimental consequences, it is recommended to undertake various measures aimed at mitigating this issue. These measures can encompass adjusting organizational and managerial policies, revising administrative rules and regulations to permit sick leave during illnesses, and creating conditions conducive to employees taking time off when unwell.

Witnessing chronic patients suffering from incurable diseases and the agony of watching their death make nursing one of the most stressful jobs. Job satisfaction is a key factor in providing quality nursing care services. Stress and burnout are other factors that can affect nurses’ job satisfaction and negatively influence the quality of care.

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout among nurses working in hospitals of Erbil, a city in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, during 2015 - 2016.

This research was a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study, which encompassed 455 nursing staff, including nurses, auxiliary nurses, and nurse aids working in the public hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan. The participants were selected using the random stratified sampling method. Demographic information forms, Herzberg’s job satisfaction scale, and Maslach’s burnout questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software version 20 using descriptive statistics, chi-square statistical tests, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.

According to the findings, 7.8% of nurses had low job satisfaction, 45.2% had moderate job satisfaction, 42.7% had high job satisfaction, and 4.4% had remarkably high job satisfaction. The burnout results showed that the mean values were 36.16 ± 12.51 for the lack of personal success, 13.38 ± 9.86 for emotional exhaustion, and 8.67 ± 8.39 for depersonalization. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test revealed a statistically significant but inverse relationship between the job satisfaction of nurses and the three burnout dimensions (P ≤ 0.0001).

The authors propose a periodic job satisfaction evaluation and the detection of factors negatively affecting job satisfaction. To further reduce nurses’ burnout, managers should encourage and promote effective communication in work environments and ensure that nurses participate in decision-making. Job contradictions and ambiguities should also be reduced and avoided, if possible.

Limited studies have attempted to identify the care needs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their professional caregivers at home and after discharge from the hospital. However, little information about these needs has led to increased physical and psychological complications and thus a reduced quality of life in SCI patients.

This study aimed to explain the experiences of patients and their caregivers regarding physical and psychological care needs at home.

This qualitative descriptive study was conducted on 24 SCI patients and their professional caregivers using the conventional content analysis. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews. Purposeful sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. The conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (continuous comparison) was used to analyze the data.

The age range of the participants was 29 - 48 years, with an average age of 37.8 years. Seven of the participants had paraplegia, and three of them had tetraplegia. The results of data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, including physical and psychological care needs.

By identifying the real needs of patients after discharge from the hospital, we emphasize the need to remove barriers to home health care services and provide more financial support to meet patients' needs. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to use the results of this study to plan at-home patient care services.

Heart failure is the leading cause of readmission in all medical and surgical patients. Home care studies have reduced hospitalization in heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of home care program on readmission in advanced heart failure.

The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted at the Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center from September 2017 to March 2018. Ninety‑eight patients with advanced heart failure were selected using census method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, the home care program was implemented for 6 months. The date and frequency of hospitalization were recorded during 30, 90, and 180 days before and after the home care program. The quantitative data analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon’s signed‑rank tests and qualitative data analysis was performed using the Chi‑square test.

The number of hospitalization and length of hospital stay 30, 90, and 180 days after implementation of the home care program in the experimental group was significantly less than the control group (p </em>< 0.001). The number of hospitalizations and length of stay in the experimental group decreased significantly after the program (p </em>< 0.001). In the control group, 90 days after the intervention, the number of hospitalizations (p </em>= 0.013) and length of stay increased significantly (p </em>< 0.001), and 180 days after the intervention, increased significantly (p </em>< 0.001).

The implementation of a designed home care program reduces readmission and the length of hospital stay in advanced heart failure.

Blinding is one of the critical criteria of clinical trials that prevents probable bias. Judgment regarding results of an intervention significantly depends on the quality of such studies, one of which is blinding. This study aimed to investigate blinding and its quality in clinical trials in patients with breast cancer.

A systematic review was conducted on the online databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect and ProQuest using keywords, MeSH terms and grey literature. Articles were screened by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were evaluated based on the checklists introduced by Cochrane database.

From 22519 articles obtained at the initial stage, 20 articles remained after screening for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifteen articles had used single, five: double and none had used triple or quadruple blinding. Seventeen studies had described the details of blinding. Of the 15 single blind articles, the blinded subjects were patients in five, patients and research assistants in three, research assistants in five studies, and two had not given any details.

The majority of researchers had used the single blind method, though using double, triple or quadruple blinding increases the trustworthiness of results and increases the quality of clinical trials. The details of blinding should be explained to other researchers and for a better understanding of the method if it is to be repeated. Thereafter, nurses can apply new interventions and earn their patients’ trust and help those with breast cancer by relieving them of their disease symptoms and its treatment complications.

Affliction of a child by a chronic disease can significantly affect the whole family. Identifying the consequences of a child’s congenital heart disease (CHD) for parents can help health-care providers provide better care services to them.

This study aimed at exploring the consequences of a child’s CHD for parents.

This study was conducted in 2020 using conventional content analysis. The 30 parents of 15 children afflicted with CHD were purposively recruited from a hospital and a physician’s private office in Sanandaj, Iran. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and continued up to data saturation. Data analysis was performed via conventional content analysis suggested by Graneheim and Lundman.

The consequences of a child’s CHD for parents were grouped into three main categories, namely threatened family integrity (with three subcategories), psychological turmoil (with five subcategories), and being in limbo (with three subcategories). The 11 subcategories of these three categories were the effects of CHD on parents, neglectful parenting for other family children, reluctance to have another child, anxiety, maternal depression and somatization, helplessness, fear over treatment failure, acceptance of an unchangeable reality, uncertain future, concern over hiding or not hiding a child’s CHD, and a heart full of pain, respectively.

A child’s CHD can threaten family integrity, cause parents psychological turmoil, and put them in limbo. Health-care providers, particularly nurses, need to assess the needs of these parents and provide them with professional counseling and need-based emotional, informational, and financial support in order to reduce the negative effects of CHD on them.

Patient safety in general and medication errors in particular are the important indicators of hospital care quality. Risk management is an important and fundamental approach to preventing events caused by medication errors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of risk management program on the rate of medication errors among intensive care unit nurses.

The present study was a non-randomized pre-test, post-test study with a control group, conducted in 2020 in two hospitals in Tehran. The hospitals were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 150 nurses (75 nurses in each group) were selected by the convenience sampling method. For the experimental group, a risk management program was implemented. Data collection tools included the nurses’ demographic questionnaire, the 14-item Wakefield medication error self-reporting questionnaire, and the nurses’ medication quality checklist. Data was collected before and after the intervention and analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results of independent t-test showed no statistically significant difference between two groups in demographic information and the rate of medication errors before the study (P>0.05). After the intervention, difference in the rate of medication errors was statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.005), indicating a decrease in medication errors in the nurses of the experimental group compared to the control group. The results also showed that the rate of medication error observed in nurses was significantly higher than the error reported by them (P<0.001).

The results showed that the implementation of risk management program was effective in reducing nurses’ medication errors. Implementing a risk management program is recommended to nurses as a way to promote safe medication and achieve safe and desirable nursing care.

The advantages of online learning are enhancing independence and incentive of students for learning, improving the connection between individuals and making flexibility in time and place for doing the activity. This study endeavored to determine factors affecting nursing students’ acceptance of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that was done with a sample of students on Islamic Azad University of Gorgan and Neishaboor's. Convenience sampling was done and 368 of 500 students participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of demographic questions, educational information and translated questionnaires that included student perceptions of an online course, University student engagement inventory and acceptance of online learning. Descriptive statistics were employed to assess demographic characteristics simple and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the predictor variables of students' acceptance of online learning. Pvalue<0.05 was considered for all tests.

The effective factors on student's acceptance for online learning was widespread high-speed Internet access at home, increasing the quality of connection to Internet and increasing the quality of laptop, tablet or mobile phone. On the other hand, multiple linear regression results showed only the remaining variables in the model were increasing the score of the course content (β=0.18, P<0.001), teacher-student interaction (β=0.14, P=0.001), and the students' engagement (β=0.22, P>0.001). It is of note that this model had an explanatory power of 46%.

According to the results of the study, if teachers strengthen the content of the course and create the creativity in interaction and use of all the features of the online learning system, we can hope that the rate of online learning acceptance among students will increase.

The success of an organization is determined by its human ‎resources. Work engagement leads to higher productivity and performance of the organization. Leaders seek to understand the impact of ‎their leadership style on work engagement. This is even more important in educational organizations but research in this area is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between department ‎manager’s leadership styles and faculty member’s work engagement in some Iranian universities of medical ‎sciences‎.

This was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. 149 people including faculty members and department managers with at least 6 months of work experience were selected through the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included ‎a demographic questionnaire, a multi-factor leadership questionnaire, and a Schaufeli & Bakker work engagement questionnaire whose validity and reliability were examined. ‎Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

A total of 114 faculty members with 13.42 ± 9.75 and 35 department managers with 19.91 ± 8.67 work experience participated in this study. Faculty members reported high work engagement. There was a positive and significant relationship between work engagement and interactional (P = 0.010) and transformational leadership (P = 0.001). ‎There was a significant difference between manager’s and employee’s views on the interactional ‎and transformational leadership (P < 0.001).

Managers can promote job engagement by selecting the proper leadership style, and the advantages can be leveraged to boost organizational productivity.

With the increasing phenomenon of elder abuse in todaychr('39')s societies, understanding the facilitating and inhibiting factors related to abuse seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to explain the facilitators of elder abuse in Iranian society.

Methods & Materials:

 This is a qualitative study that used a thematic analysis approach to collect and analyze data in order to explain the elderly’s perceptions of the facilitators of abuse. In this study, 20 elderly people in the community were selected by purposeful sampling. The data were collected by in-depth, semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews. The Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

The results of data analysis led to the identification of three themes including role modeling, evacuation of failures, and cultural-familial context of the society. The third theme had three sub-themes intergenerational gap, parenting style and society’s indifference.

Abuse is the result of a combination of causes and factors. The elderly’ experiences suggest that abuse goes beyond a personal matter and is rooted in cultural, social, and economic practices. Today, it is not acceptance of each other and disregard for the expectations of the other party that gives rise many contradictions and abuses at the family and community level.

Chronic heart failure can lead to frequent hospitalizations. Improving the discharge planning is an approach to reduce hospitalization. Since there has not been enough structured and effective discharge plan in Iranian hospitals, the present study was designed to optimize this program.
This is a participatory action research based on Hart and Bond’s framework, conducted in a cardiovascular center in Iran from June 2016 to April 2018 during two cycles. Based on the optimization strategies obtained through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, three focus group discussions and six expert panels, the operational discharge plan, including three areas of patient empowerment, telephone follow-up and home visit, was designed, implemented for three months and evaluated for 23 patients. European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale and information registration form to record the number of hospitalization and length of hospital stay were used to collect the quantitative data. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the data by SPSS 16. Qualitative participatory evaluation was performed during a group discussion and analyzed based on qualitative content analysis method with conventional approach P<0.05 was statistically significant.
Considering the solutions provided by the participants, the operational discharge plan was designed and implemented with the cooperation of relevant stakeholders. Evaluation showed significant effects of designed discharge plan on self-care behavior (P<0.001), number of hospitalizations (P<0.001), and length of hospital stay (P<0.001).
Changes were made to improve the heart failure patients’ discharge plan using action research, which resulted in reduced re-hospitalization and improved self-care behavior.

Since December 2019, coronavirus (COVID-19) spread throughout the world. The high rate of infection and its unknown nature led specialists to report the condition of patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review of symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19.

Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched. Finally, 46 articles were appropriate for the aim of the study. After quality evaluation, the necessary data were extracted and meta-analysis was performed.

4858 articles were retrieved until March 30, 2020. After screening, the full-text of 46 articles was assessed. Of the reported cases, 31.7% had no comorbidities, 21.4% had high blood pressure, 70.6% had fever, and lymphopenia was reported in 55.2% of patients. For 16% bilateral patchy shadowing in radiography and for 51% ground-glass opacity was reported. Outcomes were remarkable for recover to death.

COVID-19 leads to healthcare problems for countries. Nonspecific symptoms have made it difficult for differential diagnoses without computed tomography-scan or corona Test, but they are not available in many countries. Therefore, this systematic review can help health care staff to make decisions based on symptoms, treatments, and outcomes..