nahid mohammadi

This study investigated the effect of the positive parenting training program on mental health and marital satisfaction of mothers with sixth grade children with specific learning disabilities. The research design used in this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-tests and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included the mothers of students with learning disabilities who were referred to the learning disability center in Khoy, Iran. The participants of this study were 24 (12 in the control group and 12 in the experimental group) mothers of students with learning disabilities, selected by the available sampling method. To collect the data, Mental Health and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires were used. The educational package of the positive parenting program was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group, and no intervention was used for the control group. The results of covariance analysis of the data showed that the positive parenting program significantly affected mental health. It also showed that the positive parenting program had a significantly superior effect on mental health. It is suggested that the positive parenting program be implemented in schools.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of micro-organization in increasing the productivity of the organization with the mediating role of agility in education and training schools in the 15th district of Tehran. In this research, the statistical population includes all principals of primary and secondary schools in the 15th district of Tehran, which equaled 250 people. 152 people were selected from the statistical population using Cochran’s sampling method as a statistical sample and the sampling method used is simple random. In this research, a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Also, the validity and reliability of the variables were calculated, and the variables and their components had good validity and reliability. To analyze data from factor analysis tests, structural equations and Sobel test were done using Spss 22 and Smart Pls statistical software. The results of the research show that there is a significant effect of organizational wisdom on agility in education schools of district 15 of Tehran. Agile has a significant effect on increasing organizational productivity in education and training schools in the 15th district of Tehran. However, there is no significant effect of fragmentation on the increase of organizational productivity in education and training schools in the 15th district of Tehran. Also, in general, it can be concluded; Organizational wisdom has a significant effect on increasing organizational productivity with the mediating role of agility in education and training schools in the 15th district of Tehran.

Since the optimization of different forms of exercise and training in exercise and treatment, especially the use of open and close chains, has been discussed in the past studies, the present study was conducted to compare the selected kinetic variables (peak torque, time to torque, average power, and total work) agonist and antagonist muscles of the knee extensor in active women at two open and closed kinetic chain ways at 60 and 180 °sec, respectively.

Participants of the current semi-experimental comparative study included groups of active women. The isokinetic device was used with two special attachments for the open and closed knee movements, while for each type of the test, the device was adapted to the type of test and type of speed and physical physics. The method of testing were first explained to the participants. The information and type of test related to each participant was recorded and stored on the device. For data analysis, mean, standard deviation, and independent T test were used to compare variables as well as the two types of kinetic chain at two speeds with the significance rate set at 0.05.

The results revealed a difference between two open and closed kinetic chain ways with isokinetic device at two speeds of 60 and 180 degrees per second in active group. According to the findings of peak torque, the average power and total work variables in the open kinetic chain in the active group at 60 and 180 degrees per second at two speeds were more in active group and the time of peak torque in closed chain was more than that of open kinetic chain at both speeds.

According to the findings of the study, due to the differences in the results of flexion and extension testing of knee in the open and closed kinetic chains at two speeds of 60 and 180 degrees/s, the results indicated more control and accuracy of the isokinetic test in closed chain in comparison with the open chain at both speeds in the active group. Meanwhile, the results indicated that the time to peak torque of the closed kinetic chain test can be possibly a preference for using this method for post-traumatic rehabilitation; therefore, it is recommended to educators and therapists. Also, due to the higher kinetic values in other variables except for time at both speeds in open kinetic chain, to improve muscle strength and function, performing an open kinetic chain is suitable and useful.

One of the most important goals of a morphological study is to determine the characteristics of non-metric dental traits, and different techniques are used to better achieve this goal. Since morphological diagnoses have been based on visual clinical findings to date, this study aimed to investigate the correlation of intraoral photography with clinical observations in the diagnosis of non-metric dental traits.

In this descriptive study, 80 students who were referred to the Morphology Department, Tehran Azad University Dental School, were evaluated. The students took part in the study voluntarily after the aims of the study were explained to them. Clinical examinations were carried out to evaluate Carabelli cusps, thick marginal ridges, and gingivopalatal fissures. A Canon EOS camera was used to take intraoral photos. The presence or absence of each trait in the two techniques was determined by Spearman’s correlation coefficient and their consistency (R2) was determined and evaluated statistically. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 at a significance level of p value ≤ 0.05.

The correlation between the intraoral photography and clinical observations was calculated at 77% through Spearman’s correlation coefficient, which was acceptable; the consistency rate was calculated at 69%. The kappa coefficient between the two methods was estimated at 75.78%, which is considered excellent.

Since intraoral photography exhibited favorable correlation and consistency with clinical observations, it can provide valuable information on the diagnosis of nonmetric morphological traits.

Dust aerosols, a type of air pollution, are emitted from the arid and semi-arid areas. The Middle East constitutes the second largest desert in the world after North Africa deserts. More than 65% of the Middle East land surface has the potential for dust emission (Prospero et al. 2002). Dust storms frequently occur throughout the desert regions of the world. This event enhanced large amounts of dust into the atmosphere. Atmospheric dust plays an important role in the regional climate and environment which can affect the air quality and human health. They can scatter and absorb the solar radiation and thermal radiation at the Earth's surface and top of the atmosphere. Dust storm events may occur as a result of local meteorological events with convective systems in local scale, or synoptic-scale systems. Dust storms are not only occurred in the source region but also can be transported very far from this region. Dust aerosols are removed from the atmosphere by dry and wet deposition. The main dust sources for the west of Iran are Iraq, Syria, and Arabian Peninsula deserts. The Zagros Mountain Rang is always exposed to a dust storm by being in the vicinity of the dry and semi-arid areas of the country of Iraq, Syria, and Saudi Arabia. The modeling of dust storms is important for distinguishing its sources, prediction of dust event, simulating of formation, diffusion, transportation, and deposition of dust. The regional WRF-Chem model is used for simulation of temporal and spatial dust concentrations. Numerous dust models exist and have been applied for simulation air pollution. The WRF/Chem system is available online with the chemistry part and meteorology part running simultaneously. The chemical part and meteorological part use the same horizontal and vertical grids, time intervals, parameterizations for cloud-resolving microphysics, and sub-grid convections. The understanding of the atmospheric controls and mountain impact on dust emissions in Zagros Mountain Range is still uncertain. The focus of this work is to investigate the effect of the Zagros mountain range in dust concentration using the fully coupled chemistry within WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting), and WRF-Chem model.

To analyze the effect of the Zagros mountain on dust storms in the west of Iran, two dust storm events which occurred between 12 and 14 April 2011 and between 16 and 18 June 2016 were selected to be investigated along with studying the horizontal visibility in several synoptic stations across the Zagros Mountains in the west of Iran and its adjacent areas. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Chemistry module (WRF-Chem model) is implemented over the Zagros mountain range. In this study, we used the WRF-Chem model Version 3.6.1 (Grell et al., 2005) to the dust simulations. To validate the model, we compared the observations of horizontal visibility and WRF-Chem simulations over Ilam and Kermanshah synoptic stations. Meteorological observations were obtained from the country's meteorological organization. WRF/Chem model was run in three states including the natural topography, the reduced topographic height of Zagros Mountains to 1000 meters, and the removed topographic height. WRF-Chem model is configured to cover the Zagros mountain range, the Syrian desert, and the Iraq Desert with 250x160 grid points, a 7 km grid resolution, and 32 vertical levels to 50 hPa. Boundary and initial conditions are assimilated with GFS data.

The WRF/Chem model simulates two dust storm events in the west of Iran that occurred in April 2011 and June 2016. Simulations of dust transport tracks and satellite data highlight two main transport paths of the dust storm. In April 2011, dust storm originated from northern Saudi Arabia and southeastern Iraq, and most likely in Khuzestan province, while in June 2016, the dust originated from Iraq. These events were caused by the passage of air masses associated with low-pressure systems in deserts of the western part of the Zagros mountain range. At first, the potential of the WRF-Chem model was investigated to quantify the ability of this model to simulate dust sources and dust concentration. Although the times with low values of dust are less accurate, the comparisons between the model simulations and the horizontal observation at the two synoptic sites and the satellite measurements show that the WRF-Chem model satisfactorily resolves evolution and spatial distributions of the dust stor The three states in the WRF/Chem model simulated comprised of the natural state, the reduced topographic height to 1000 meters, and the removed topographic height. On 13 April 2011, dust was accumulated on the winding slopes of the mountain range, but the simulations for the removed topographic height show that the intensity of the dust is reduced, and it is transferred to the center and north of the country. On 17 June 2016, the dust distribution profile shows that in places where the height of the dust column is equal to or less than the height of the mountain, the dust is stopped and accumulated on the winding slopes. In cases where the height of the dust column was higher than the height of the mountain, the dust will transfer from the mountain. The dust concentration on the winding slopes is maximum.  Model simulation results in the three states with different height topography indicating that the decrease in the topographic height lifts the dust towards the east of the mountain. The concentration of dust in the west of this mountain range is propagating more toward the east. In April 2011, the spatial distribution of the simulated dust concentration showed that the mountain barrier could not wholly prevent the passage of the dust. But in the case of the second storm in June 2016, which had less dust intensity, the mountain completely stopped the transfer of the dust. However, in both cases, the maximum dust concentration was on the western slopes, which had a long shelf life in these areas.

The purpose of this research was to examine how to treat dust storms in the confrontation with the Zagros Mountain and to determine the effect of this mountain to dust in the west of Iran. In this study, the behavior of the two dust storms over the Zagros Mountains range is investigated. Simulations of the dust event with the (WRF-Chem) were verified using horizontal visibility from the country's meteorological organization. To ensure the model simulations, the dust concentration simulated by models with horizontal visibility data received from the country's meteorological organization for two synoptic stations was compared. In general, despite some errors in some hours, the results of the simulation dust conformed to the horizontal visibility. The results of the three states of simulation in the WRF/Chem model indicate that the Zagros Mountain is prevented from the progress of the dust to central regions of the country. In the natural state, the accumulation of dust in the western Zagros Mountain range is increased. The removed topographic height causes moving the dust towards the east of the mountain and the concentrations of the dust in the west of the mountain range are reduced. According to the results of this study, wind-blown mountain-mountainous areas (western slopes) experience dust storms with higher intensity and durability.

Medical emergency technicians are more likely to be exposed to workplace violence because of exposure to emergency situations. This study seems to be necessary because of the physical and psychological effects of the violence. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of type of workplace violence against medical emergency technicians of Hamadan province and its relation with individual variables.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 137 employees of Hamadan medical emergency centers. Sampling was performed using a stratified random sampling method. Data was gathered by a questionnaire on workplace violence (the International Labor Office, the World Health Organization and the International Nursing Council). Questionnaire completion method was self-explanatory. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and descriptive and analytic methods.

Psychological violence (72.2%), Physical violence (22.6%), racial and religious harassment (4.5%) and sexual harassment (0.7%) were the most prevalent type of violence, respectively. There was a significant relationship between job status and workplace violence (P<0.05). Marital status, educational level, employment status, type of job shift, employment, direct contact with patients / injured, specific drug use and disease, participation in a training course, experiencing a personal crisis during the last six months, was not related to workplace violence (P<0.05).

There was a high prevalence of psychological violence against the staff; therefore, planners must identify the related factors in order to plan for preventing these violations.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy training on the beliefs and working memory of primary school students.

The study population consisted of all elementary school girl students in Tehran. The method of sampling was stepwise cluster sampling. The sample size was selected based on previous studies. In the present study, the cognitive-behavioral skills training package and the two questionnaires of intelligence beliefs and working memory were used.

The results showed that the post-test scores of working memory in the experimental and control groups were significantly different with the pre-test scores, and the rate The effect of teaching cognitive-behavioral skills on increasing work memory and IQs. Other results showed that the difference in mean of IQ beliefs between the experimental and control groups in the post-test was statistically significant.

The difference between the scores of the experimental group and the control or size of the effect of the educational method was also. Teaching cognitive-behavioral skills helps female students to transfer their individual beliefs from an intrinsic domain to an incremental domain, and individuals can increase their workload by increasing positive beliefs.

Adherence to treatment is essential in heart disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional awareness of hypertensive patients and their dietary intake in heart disease. This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on hypertensive patients referred to Farshchian Cardiovascular Clinic in Iran, using the available random sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire and three questionnaires of nutritional awareness, illness perception, and dietary follow-up of patients with hypertension. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics. The mean score of knowledge was 4.73±1.55. Fifty-eight percent of patients were unaware of high-fat diet, 56% of them did not eat red meat and 63% of them did not eat sweets. The mean score of perception was 29.58±3.94 of which 38% of the patients were uncontrollable and 43% strongly opposed their illnesses which could lead to premature death and 56% were against dietary restriction. There is a need for interventions to improve the knowledge and attitude of patients with heart disease.

A mentally retarded child puts burden and responsibility on their family, especially the mother, and disturbs her general health. Since spiritual wellbeing is one of the most important sociocultural factors related to health, this study aimed to determine the correlation between spiritual health and public health among mothers of mentally disabled children in Hamadan.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was a correlation study on 165 mothers with mentally disabled children who were studying at special schools in Hamadan in spring of 2017 who were selected using available sampling method. Data were collected by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Spiritual Well Being (SWB), and demographic Questionnaire that were completed by mothers on the presence of a researcher. SPSS 23 software was used to analyze the data and descriptive and correlation tests were used.

The results of this study showed that the mean age of mothers was 37.3 ± 6.3. The gender of mentally disabled children was 52.7% male and 47.3% female. 10% of mothers reported health disorders, as well as the spiritual level of the majority of mothers was moderate (63%). There was a significant relationship between spiritual health and public health (P <0/05).

The results of this study showed that there is a revers relationship between spiritual health and health disorders, so that the promotion of spiritual health will promote public health and reduce health disorders, including anxiety among mothers. Given the important role of mothers in the care for their children, the design of educational programs aimed at improving the health of mothers should be a priority.

Regarding the role of mitochondria in the quality of sperm motility and fertility, protection of mitochondrial function against ROS-induced damage can be an important step in improving roster sperm fertility. The mitochondria are the most important source of ROS and the unique properties of mitochondria prevent antioxidants from entering, which results in poor antioxidant performance in protecting ROS-induced damage. Therefore, the use of antioxidants that can pass through the mitochondrial membrane and inhibit ROS in this region can be a good way to reduce the damage caused by ROS and improve the sperm quality and fertility. The aim of the present study was to use mitochondrial mild uncoupling combinations to reduce the risk of ROS-induced injuries and increase the survival of sperm after freeze-thawing. For this purpose, 14 Ross breed rooster with 28 weeks of age were used. The semen was taken by massaging the abdomen-back procedure. After initial evaluation, semen samples were pooled After dilution of semen samples and addition of 2-4-dinitrophenol (DNP) at five levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 nM), they were cooled and then frozen. After two months, semen samples were thawed and evaluated for the percentage of dead and live sperm, sperm motility parameters, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and sperm morphology. The results of this study showed that addition of DNP at 0.75 nM resulted in improvement in total and progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity and sperm normality compared to the control group, and significantly decreased MDA concentration compared to control group (p <0.05).

The oppression of women, as the subordinate second sex, and the exploitation of the environment have been the focus of most ecofeminist studies. In this study, the authors will discuss the patriarchal injustice suppressing women and the environment in an 18th-century literary text, Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock (1719). Through the prism of cultural ecofeminism, this article makes an effort to illustrate the formation and also interrelatedness of two main long-held cultural dichotomies: the sexist-oriented privilege of male over female and the anthropocentric privilege of human over nonhuman in the microcosmic literary scope of the 18th-century English literature. From this regard, the feminist-oriented ecological issues will be discussed according to Val Plumwood’s distinction of cultural ecofeminism. Within this theoretical framework, we try to demonstrate how the elements of a patriarchal system shape all feminine subjectivities. The present article also shows how Nature herself, as an objection to the patriarchal culture, acts as the major supporter of women throughout The Rape of the Lock.

One of the main reasons for the reduced viability of cryopreserved sperm is the production of active oxygen species (ROS). Since the selection of antioxidants to inhibit ROS production due to their inability to penetrate the original site of ROS production (mitochondria) has not been effective in sperm cryopreservation programs, therefore, for this purpose, we investigated a new method for inhibiting Ros production in the cryopreservation of roster sperm. In this study, 14 mature roosters (Ross commercial strain) with 28 weeks of age were used. First semen samples were evaluated for having the necessary standards. Then, they were pooled, diluted and supplemented with five levels of MitoQ (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 nm) before cryopreservation. After freeze-thawing, the parameters of viability, sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and sperm morphology were evaluated. Data analysis was done by GLM procedure using SAS software (9.3) in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. Tukey test was used to compare the mean of treatments. The results of this study showed that the addition of MitoQ to the rooster semen cryopreservation medium significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased survival, plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology. The results showed that, the addition of MitoQ at 0.1 nm improved total and progressive motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of sperms compared to the control group, and also significantly decreased MDA concentration compared to the control group (p <0.05) .

The Adolescents need healthy nutrition education more than any other groups. In present study, the effect of Health Belief Model education on nutrition behavior of secondary boy students was investigated.   This pre and post test semi-experimental study with two groups was carried out on 120 boys of secondary schools in Hamadan. A randomized cluster sampling method and relative randomize method were used in the first and second stages respectively. At first both groups completed a questionnaire which was based on Health Belief Model and then instructions were given to intervention group in three sessions (45 minutes) on the basis of HBM model. Two months later, data were collected via questionnaires in two groups again. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by SPSS23, the statistical tests were Repeated Measurement ANOVA analysis.   The two groups were similar in demographic characteristics and structure of the HBMModel at the beginning of the study. After the intervention, the mean scores of Health Belief Model structures excepted for the perceived barriers and the average nutritional behavior in the experimental group were more than that of the control group's. In the area of perceived barriers, the mean scores increased in the control group. Repeated Measurement ANOVA showed significant differences between all the domains of the model except for the perceived severity (P<0.05).   According to the results of this study (Health Belief MODEL on Nutrition Behavior) the mean scores increased on the basis of model structures (except for the barriers) after training. So we suggest that health education programs be applied instead of applying traditional instructions.

intensive care unit nurses are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to activities such as moving patients and lifting heavy objects during nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of body posture correction on musculoskeletal disorders in Nurses. This pre and post-test quasi-experimental study with two groups (case & control) was performed on 101 nurses working in intensive care unit in 2017. The sampling method was multistage sampling. At first, we selected two hospitals from four hospitals and after selecting nurses, they were divided randomly into case and control groups. Both groups completed 25 questions of the Nordic questionnaires before the intervention. Then in the case group, four sessions of 60 minutes were performed weekly .The nurses were also encouraged to perform stretching exercises for the neck, shoulder and upper limbs. Three months later, two groups completed the questionnaire again. Data was analyzed by SPSS24 software using Wilcoxon test, Covariance analysis and regression analysis. The two groups were matched at the beginning of the study and did not have a significant difference (P<0.05). According to Nordic questionnaire, the highest prevalence of pain before training was in the waist (77.3%), back (46.5%) and head neck (45.5%), which was decreased after the intervention to 41%, 17.9% and 20% respectively in the case group (P<0.05). Regarding the effect of educational intervention on musculoskeletal pain disorders, all nurses must be trained for body posture correction at the beginning or during their work.

Cardiovascular diseases are associated with individual behaviors in childhood, adolescence and youth. This article aimed to study the effect of education based on HBM on the prevention of heart disease in female students. This pre and post-test semi-experimental study which has two groups was conducted on 126 girls of high schools in 2017. A randomized cluster sampling method and relative randomize method were used in the first and second stages respectively. At first both groups completed a questionnaire and then instructions were given to intervention group in three sessions (1 hour) on the basis of HBM. Two months later, data was collected via questionnaires in two groups again. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by SPSS software, using independent and paired t-test and Chi-square test. The two groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and knowledge and constructs of the health belief model at the beginning of the study and there was no significant difference in analysis (P>0.05). After intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and model constructs, sensitivity, benefits, self-efficacy and behavior had significantly increased in the test group (P<0.05). The perceived barriers were significantly reduced in the test group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the perceived severity and the areas of practice according to the t-test results in both the experimental and control groups before and after the training (P>0.05). According to the results, education based on health belief model increases knowledge and practice in girls; so it is recommended to use this model in programs for the prevention.

As the first step, daily maps of synoptic system order of the region during July and August, the hottest months of the year, were investigated. The data belong to a statistical period (1993- 2014) extracted from the study center of NCEP/NCAR. Applying factor analysis test and clustering on web data, four synoptic patterns were recognized and the representative days of the patters were investigated. The aforesaid patterns present a similar patterns of the thermal equator and pressure systems in the region. The research results indicate that the Thermal equator is located in the south of Sahara in this time of year and it continues along the east, arid and low regions of the Arabia Peninsula, and the south of the Persian Gulf, Khuzestan plain, and Mesopotamia. Moreover, Gang low spread on the southwest of Asia also follows this pattern, as three main cores of low pressures are made on the low regions of Khuzestan plain and Mesopotamia, the south of the Persian Gulf, the north of the Arabia Peninsula and the center of Pakistan. This thermal belt on the lowlands of Mesopotamia (located in West Plateau of Iran) has the most intense and extending transverse and to be included from the northern half of the Iraq to southern part of Saudi Arabia. The thermal equator extends in the study area from the level 1000 to 850 hPa in accordance with the development of low Gang Tongue.

Faustus has a long history in European literature although its origin is obscure. David Mamet, in a modern version of the old legend, presents a new perspective on the issues of power and truth. Michel Foucault, the influential post-structuralist historian and philosopher of the 20th century, gives a novel insight into the nature of power relations and its manner of operation within human societies. In this sense, Foucault posits that power and knowledge are the same; moreover, power and resistance coexist in every social interaction. The current study aims to investigate the power relations in David Mamet’s Faustus in a Foucauldian framework. Faustus’s model of the periodic power offers a rigid paradigm to explain the mechanism of the world. Human will and resistance have no place in Faustus’s ideology. However, the study shows how Faustus gets disillusioned as he becomes aware of the hidden power relations functioning around him. It concludes that the significant role of truth and knowledge in power relations leads to the emergence of confession, reward, and punishment: discourses which entangle the individual in a complex web of power and resistance.

Communication skills are one of the factors that may affect the general health of the students. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between communication skills and general health of nursing students. This analytical-descriptive cross sectional study was carried on 320 undergraduate nursing students in Hamadan University in 2017. The students were selected by stratified random sampling method. The data gathering tools were Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Gerabek’s communication skills, which were completed by the students through self-administration method. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression model and SPSS 16 software were used. Most of the students (75%) had a weak general health with a mean score of 29.71±8.68. There was a negative correlation between communication skills and general health (r=-0.33, p<0.05). Also, general health had a significant relationship with all aspects of communication skills, except for the dimension of decisiveness (p<0.05). Communication skills had a significant relationship with most aspects of general health, except social function (p<0.001). There was no correlation between demographic variables and communication skills (p<0.05). Moreover, the students, whose mothers had a governmental job or were housewives, had a better score of general health (p<0.05). Communication skills affect mental health, including reduction of physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women which compromises person’s spiritual health. Given the importance of spiritual health and its effect on self-efficacy, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and mental health in women with breast cancer.
This Cross-Sectional correlative study was conducted on 196 women with breast cancer referred to hematology and intensive care unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, medical center and Mahdiei MRI clinic in Hamadan during 2016-2017. The study subjects were selected by simple convenience sampling method. The measurement tools were Demographic questionnaire, the Sherer self-efficacy scale and Palutziam and Ellison spiritual health which was completed by patients. Data was analyzed by SPSS18 using statistical methods including Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression.
The score of majority of women in spiritual well-being (43/87%) and efficacy (41/83%) were in a moderate level. The mean number of spiritual health was 55.92±2.48 and the mean number self-efficacy was 44.33±3.08, respectively and both of them were average. . There was positive significant correlation between self-efficacy and spiritual health (P With regards to relationship between self-efficacy and spiritual health, it seems that in order to enhance the self-efficacy in patients with other chronic diseases such as cancer attention to spiritual health is recommended.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) management is challenging, particularly for people in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the effects of a home-based nursing care (HBNC) program on metabolic control among patients with type II DM.
This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in Hamadan, Iran, in 2014. Sixty patients with type II DM were consecutively recruited from a public diabetes care clinic in Hamadan, Iran, and randomly allocated to an experimental and a control group. Patients in the control group received usual discharge services, while their counterparts in the experimental group received HBNC services in addition to usual discharge services. The levels of fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured before and 3 months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed through the Chi-square, the paired-sample and the independent-sample t-tests.
HBNC program significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose (from 206.60 ± 84.93 to 141.40 ± 48.75; P 0.05).
HBNC is an effective strategy for managing type II DM and decreasing the risk of its complications.

Diabetes is a common and costly disease. Nursing care services, not only is effective in reducing costs but also improves the quality of life and the relationship between patient and nurse. The aim of this research was telephone nursing on general healt and self-efficacy in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted in Hamadan.
Material and This study is a quasi-experimental, pretest and post-test on 109 women with type 2 diabetes (55 patients in the intervention group and 54 in the control group) were evaluated in Hamedan. Samples were randomized block permutation. Information required by the questionnaire contains 10 questions three sections including demographic characteristics, general health questionnaire (r= 0/9) includes 28 questions on diabetes management Self-Efficacy Scale (r= 0/93) consists of 19 questions were collected. the experimental group received telephone counseling and follow-up intervention for 12 weeks. Data was analyzed using SPSS-16, and descriptive and inferential statistics. Significance level of 5% was considered.
Average self-efficacy score in the control group, before and after the follow-up telephone (Tele-Nursing) by 117/35 ± 37/52 and 117/53 ± 37/33 and in the experimental group before and after the intervention were 122/05 ± 36/41 and 163/03 ± 19/93. Telephone follow-up in patients (cases) compared with the control group there were significant differences on self-efficacy (P≥0/05).
Conclution: According to our findings, we can conclude that telenursing was effective to improve self-efficacy in women with diabetes

Multiple Sclerosis threatens independence and ability of person to effectively participate in the family and society . The purpose of this study was determined The effect of peer educational program on multiple sclerosis patient’s self- efficacy referred to Farshchian hospital and Multiple Sclerosis Association in Hamadan in City 2015.
In this quasi-experimental study, 80 Patients with Multiple Sclerosis was selected with random available sampling sampling and randomly were divided to control and case groups. 4 sessions, each for 60 minutes, twice a week was performed for groups. After one month after the last training session, self-questionnaires were completed by both experimental and control groups. data were collected from both groups with Shere General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire . Data were analyzed with SPSS software (16 version) by descriptive statistics, independed-t, paired-t.
in case group. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of Self-efficacy. The difference was not significant in the control group. There were no significant differences between the mean scores of Self-efficacy of case and control group before and after intervention .
Peer education methods could increase the level of efficacy in patients with multiple sclerosis. This method can be used as a valuable tool to improve the treatment and control of physical and psychological effects and increase the efficacy of the patient's disease

The purpose of education is developing an appropriate level of knowledge and skills of nursing students.Educational problems are the major barrier for appearance of potential abilities and capacities of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers of the clinical education from the nursing students’ view.

This analytical-sectional study was done in the year 2015 on 100 nursing students in the 4th to 8th term , Hamadan Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. Samples were selected available. Necessary information collected by 4 researcher-made questionnaire with 32 same questions (in five field of objectives and program, mentor work, contact with students, instructional environment, supervision and evaluation) that was designed for 4 novitiates. Students allocated numbers one to four to each question with the use of four degrees Likert scale. In every novitiate based on each field whatever was higher score indicate barriers clinical education in the novitiate was low. Therefore, in the each field average score barriers of the clinical education were compared between novitiate different groups . Data analysis was performed with SPSS16.

Although in every novitiate reported some of the clinical education barriers but in the each field average score barriers of the clinical education were similar between novitiate different groups (p>0.05).

Some of the clinical education barriers was observed in five field. Therefore coaches, professors, clinical staff and those responsible for educational planning should pay special attention to these barriers.

Visual has always been recognized as one of the most important sensory systems involved in the implementation of many athletic skills because of the close and necessary relationship with performing the movements, and it is considered particularly important by specialists in learning and motor control. Today, in addition to assessing the key indices in athletic performance (physical, medical, psychological and nutritional evaluations), visual skills assessment is also held in great importance. In this regard, the present study aims to answer the question of whether the difference between the visual skills of athletes (team and individual) and non-athletes is significant. For this purpose, 85 subjects (44 non-athletes, 22 athletes in team sports, and 19 athletes in individual sports) participated in this study and were selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was "sports vision tests of Wilson and Falkel (2004)". The psychometric properties of this test were studied and confirmed through the correlation between the referees and retest method. The results of the statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences between focusing (P<0.001), tracking (P<0.001), sequencing (p=0.009), eye-hand coordination (P<0.001), and vergence (P=0.015) of all-girl teams and individual sports athletes with non-athletes. Just as female individual and team sports athletes were better at focusing and tracking than non-athletes, individual sports athletes were better in vergence, team sports athletes were better in sequencing, and non-athletes were better in eye-hand coordination. However, in regards to visualization, no significant difference was observed between the three groups. According to the results, participation in sports activities, regardless of the type of activity, helps an individual to obtain better abilities in the visual system and its skills. Additionally, the role of visual skills in individual and team fields is different; therefore, due to the importance of vision, it is recommended that coaches consider special planning along with other motor capabilities.

Educational goals is the most important component of any educational program and achieving this goals is reason for existence of educational system. In this research we assessment of goal achievement in nursing clinical education and effective factors.
In this descriptive- analytical study all nursing students who had received internship courses of mental health nursing , community health nursing, children nursing, nursing management were selected by census method. Data collection with 5 questionnaires and analysis with SPSS Ver16.
Results indicated 66.7% students’ goal achievement mental health nursing training was excellent, 43.3% students’ goal achievement community health nursing training was good, 65.6% students’ goal children nursing training was excellent and 44.1% students’ goal nursing management training was excellent. Based on ANOVA test, student stress in clinical setting with nursing management training goal achievement, student identified duties, course objectives presentation on the first day of training, education objectives and personnel expectations matching, professional ethics and proper communication with patient, meet prerequisites training courses, meet of clinical education training, proper communication between trainer and student, trainer patience, collaboration between personnel and student, student decision making power in patient care planning, enough welfare in ward, employment motivation in future, enough supervision on clinical education with children nursing training goal achievement.(p Goal achievement of clinical courses in mental health, community health, children nursing and management groups are good.Effective factors with the most frequency were complete support of the student by the instructor in the clinical setting and appropriate instructor communication with student.