nahid shetab boushehri

Preparation is the time following the receipt ofa warning signal during which the motor system is activated prior to action and prepares the individual for performance. We investigate the impact of the effect of various foreperiods (0/5, 1/5, 2/5 and 3/5 seconds) also the handedness ofthe athletes upon the time of simple and choice auditory reaction time.

The current research followed a semi-empirical methodology andwas carried out using a self-made software. The statistical population was comprised of the female students of Shahid Chamran University, of which 40 was selected through purposive sampling and classified intwo groups of right-handed and left-handed. Each individual was randomly tested for simple and selective reaction with randomly chosen pre-periods.

The findings demonstrated that short (0/5 seconds) and long (3/5 seconds) foreperiods will result in the increase of reaction time, and that left-handed individuals are associated with shorter reaction times compared to their right-handed counterparts.

In left-handed, the dominance ofthe right hemisphere which contains higher numbers of neurons might have lower reaction times compared to the right-handed individuals. Additionally, we recommend that pre-periods with too short or too long durations be avoided when preparing the individuals fordifferent motor skills.

Having a natural biological environment and a distinctive typical landescape, khozestan province is considered one of the suitable areas for the develipment of sport tourism. studing and identyifing the capabilities, potentials and limitations of tourism in khozestan province can help the sustainable tourism development in the region. The aim of this study was to explore the most suitable place and time for the development of sport tourism activities compassing the mountainous areas of khozestan province. In this study, multi-criteria spatial evaluation method and development of environmental, human and atmospheric criteria were applied for a group of sports activities including mountaineering, rock climbing, climbing range and mountain climbing. The criteria were weighted using hierarchical analysis method. After preparing the standard map, the information layers were combined with a weighted linear composition in the geographic information system environment and the final locations for the development of sports tourism in the mountains were extracted. The findings showed that the appropriate plateau are  for the sports mountain climbing 8794, mountaineering 8093, range-climbing 5433 and rock climbing 3283 square kilometer respectively. The largest plateau are located in the north, northeast and east of the province. Also, the appropriate time are winter, early spring and late fall temporarily. Therefore, it is recommended to the sports and tourism officials of the rovince to make optimal use of the natural and climatic capacities of the province in attracting tourists, by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these areas and strategic plans for developing the necessary infrastructure and providing them, design and implement their own recreational and sports services within specified space and time intervals.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of external focus of attention instruction and autonomy support on learning of an aiming task in mentally retarded children. Therefore, 48 children with the age range of 10-14 years among all of the mentally retarded children of Ahvaz, were selected by convenience sampling. Participants performed 10 throws as a pre-test and afterward, according to their scores on pre-test, they were equally divided into four groups (external attention, autonomy support, external attention-autonomy support, control group). The acquisition phase consisted of throwing 100 gram beanbags into a goal that was mounted at a distance of 2 meters from the participants on the wall. Ten minute after the last acquisition block, the participants performed 10 trials as post-test. 48 hours after the acquisition phase, retention test (10 trials) was performed to examine the learning effects of the participants. The data analyzed by Mix-ANOVA 2×2×2 on acquisition phase and two-way ANOVA 2×2 on retention data with using SPSS22 at significant level P≤0.05. The results of this study showed that in the acquisition phase, all of four groups gradually increased their accuracy (P≤0.05) and the external attention+autonomy support group gain the best scores in this phase. Also Results showed significant difference between the groups in the retention test (P≤0.05) and the external attention+autonomy support group presented the greatest throwing accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested that combination of autonomy support and external attention should be used to improve the performance and learning in mentally retarded children.

Quality of sleep is associated with physical and mental health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on mood and reaction time in athletes and non-athletes. The method of this research is semi-experimental and it was done using pre-test and post-test design. Twenty female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz were selected through Available sampling and divided into two groups. In the pre-test phase, all participants completed the 32-item questionnaire of mood and tested reaction time. A week later, participants arrived at the hostel's place at 8:00 PM and were deprived of sleep on the same night, and then at 8:00 PM, as a pre-test, Participants completed the questionnaire and tested the response time. The results showed that one night of insomnia significantly changed the mood and reaction time in two groups. However, its impact on the non-athlete group is higher, which is likely to be due to the history of athletics and the higher athletic performance of the athlete. Therefore, one sleepless night can affect psychological issues, including the mood and reaction time of individuals.

Imagery is a cognitive process that may play an important role in the planning and execution of movements and actions and in many cases it can be used as a tool for learning skills and retraining movements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different speeds of mental imagery on basketball dribbling performance in the young women.

the research method was semiexperimental which was performed with pretest-posttest design. 40 female students of Shahid Chamran University with average of age (22+1/12) years were selected by purposive sampling and assigned in one of four groups: (low-speed imagery, real-peed imagery, rapid-speed imagery and control without imagery). After performing basketball dribbling skill in a pretest, the subjects of experimental group performed four consecutive days of imagery training and then performed the same skill.

The results showed that all groups improved in their performance except control group (p ≤ 0/05). But with regard to the effect size, the best performance belongs to the low-speed imagery and real-peed imagery group.

we conluded that it is better to use low-speed imagery and real-peed imagery when learning a new task and in the novice.