naser masoudi

The injuries of hollow organs are less known than the injuries of solid organs and delay in their diagnosis can increase mortality and complications in patients. The diagnostic value of CT scan in hollow organ damage has been less investigated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the diagnostic value of abdominal and pelvic CT scan with intravenous contrast in the diagnosis of hollow viscera damage in blunt trauma patients.

In this cross-sectional study, 90 blunt trauma patients were included in the study. Clinical data of patients with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent CT scan and laparotomy were collected. The diagnostic value of CT scan compared to the results of laparotomy as a gold standard was analyzed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy.

69 patients (76.7%) were male and 21 patients (23.3%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 29.82 ± 17.51 years. Based on laparotomy, there was no injury in 60% of patients (54 patients) and in 36 patients (40%) damage to hollow organs was diagnosed. In general, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT scan were 22.2%, 100%, 100%, 65.8% and 68.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of CT scan was 12% for bowel damage and 62.5% for bladder damage. The sensitivity of CT scan for intra-abdominal/pelvic fluid (31.25%) was the highest and the specificity and positive predictive value for other CT scan findings were similar (100%).

While the sensitivity of CT scan in detecting hollow viscera injuries is low, its specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy are high and acceptable. Therefore, CT scan can be used as a complementary tool along with other diagnostic methods to diagnose hollow organ injuries in blunt trauma patients.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition or complication that continues to pose a significant risk of morbidity and mortality.  This study aims to identify the perioperative risk factors associated with PE and to examine its prevalence and consequences in patients who have undergone major surgery.   This cross-sectional analytical study reviewed the medical records of 30 consecutive patients admitted to the general surgery ward who developed in-hospital PE. The study aimed to extract risk factors, including demographic and clinical features, such as body mass index (BMI), smoking history, hospitalization history, hypertension, cardiovascular complications, history of oral contraception pill (OCP) usage, diabetes, history of cancer, trauma, intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and the type of surgery.  Among all PE patients, 19.7% had a normal BMI, and tobacco use was reported in 50% of these patients. Only 16.7% of PE patients had a history of OCP usage. Pulmonary and breast cancer were reported in 56.6% and 6.7% of PE patients, respectively. The most common comorbidities among PE patients were hypertension (23.3%), followed by cardiovascular issues (16.7%) and diabetes mellitus (6.7%). The majority of PE patients had ICU hospitalization (93.3%). Forty percent of PE patients experienced trauma, with 15% having hip with limb fractures, 13% experiencing chest trauma, and 12% having abdominal visceral trauma. Almost 30% of the PE patients who were admitted for general surgery and developed in-hospital PE died before discharge.  PE is one of the most common adverse events after surgery, despite the use of thromboprophylaxis. The major risk factors in patients with postoperative PE were found to be old age, smoking history, trauma, and cardiovascular problems.

Acute limb ischemia remains a significant cause of emergency vascular surgery. Given the severe complications associated with this condition and the need for more effective treatments, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of beta-alanine on clinical outcomes in patients with acute upper or lower limb ischemia following surgery.

This single-blind clinical trial enrolled 40 patients with acute limb ischemia without gangrene or mottling and who required amputation. Patients were randomly assigned to a beta-alanine group (n=20) or a placebo group (n=20). The intervention group received 4 grams of oral beta-alanine before surgery and 4 hours postoperatively, while the placebo group received a matching placebo. Primary outcomes included limb loss frequency and extent, while secondary outcomes were mortality and laboratory findings.

A total of 9 patients (22.5%) experienced limb loss. Of these, only 1 patient (5%) was in the beta-alanine group, compared to 8 patients (40%) in the placebo group (p=0.02). In the beta-alanine group, the affected limb was the right lower extremity. In the placebo group, one patient lost the right upper limb, two lost the right lower limb, four lost the left upper limb, and one lost the left lower limb. There was no significant difference in mortality between the groups (5% in the beta-alanine group versus 15% in the placebo group; p=0.61).

The frequency of limb loss was significantly lower in patients treated with 4 grams of oral beta-alanine compared to the placebo group. Therefore, beta-alanine may be considered an effective adjunctive therapy in reducing the risk of limb loss in patients with acute limb ischemia.

 One of the main causes of mortality in patients with heart disease is arrhythmia. A temporary pacemaker is inserted to control arrhythmias, particularly when an intervention is urgently needed. Since this procedure is not benign, patients might experience many challenges. As the first step in the development of nursing interventions, identifying these experiences can help reinforce evidence in this field and enhance the quality of nursing care.

 The present study aimed to explore the challenges experienced by patients with temporary transvenous cardiac pacemakers (TTCPs).

 This qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study was conducted on 18 patients with pacemakers who were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. All the interviews were recorded and simultaneously analyzed via van Manen’s analytical method.

 The results of data analysis resulted in three major themes: "disregard for patient’s dignity”, “dependent life”, and "physical and psychological problems”.

 This study showed the challenges of patients with TTCPs. This group of patients is facing challenges related to the care and hospitalization matter and facing an uncertain future. Therefore, there is a need to pay more attention to patients' needs during hospitalization, such as informing patients about the procedure, respecting patients’ dignity and rights, and controlling physical and psychological problems.

The effect of virginity on women's rights is one of the important issues of family law, which has not been comprehensively researched, and most of the legal writers have briefly mentioned the issue, but its importance is so great that none of the political, social, and philosophical schools have addressed it. They did not need it. The main debate is whether virginity limits women's rights or not? In this research, an attempt is made to examine jurisprudential and legal works in this field, and by considering all aspects of the matter, the effect of virginity and pregnancy on women's rights cannot be answered absolutely. Because there are more cases. Not only does virginity not limit a woman's rights, but her legal privileges are far more. Including; In case of not receiving the dowry and lack of empowerment, the female cannot claim alimony, and if she does, she is doomed to reject the claim, but a virgin woman, despite the lack of empowerment in these conditions, has the right to demand alimony, or divorce the female during menstruation and Nifas is not valid if the divorce of a virgin woman while menstruating is valid. Therefore, in general, virginity does not limit her rights in comparison with a female prostitute.

Considering the high number of traffic accidents in Iran, it seems necessary to investigate the factors related to the severity of traffic accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between compliance with safety precautions and the severity of injuries caused by traffic accidents in Urmia, Iran.

This was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted retrospectively on available data of the trauma registration system from 2017 to 2022. The research population included 428 drivers who were admitted to a teaching hospital for trauma caused by the traffic accident in Urmia, Iran. Chi-square and Fisher's statistics were used to investigate the relationship between demographic variables, damaged area, behavioral factors, use of safety equipment (air bag and seat belt) and severity of injury.

From 428 drivers injured in traffic accidents, the most injuries were in the head and neck areas. Non-use of seat belts and absence of airbags were reported in 277 and 340 cases of accidents, respectively. 287 people had a history of alcohol consumption, 284 people had a history substance abuse, and 346 people had a history of drug use. A significant relationship was observed between age, gender, injured area, use of seat belts, having airbags, alcohol and drug consumption with injury severity (P<0.05). While the relationship between substance abuse and injury severity was not significant (P=0.517).

The results showed that age, gender, lack of seat belt use, lack of airbags, drug use, alcohol, and the injured area were the most factors related to the occurrence of higher severity injuries.

Traffic accidents in Iran are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity, identifying the factors related to these accidents can be useful in the prevention and proper management of traffic accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of trauma caused by traffic accidents in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia during 2017-2022.

The current research is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on patients hospitalized due to traffic accidents in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia for five years. The required data included demographic characteristics and information of the injured (role of the injured, time of the accident, location of the accident, type of vehicle, damaged area, and condition of the injured during discharge), which was extracted from the trauma registration system of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. ​ After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 16 software and described through frequency distribution table and central and dispersion indices

In this study, out of 2086 injured cases, 74.40% (1552 people) were male. The average age of the injured was 34.49 ± 18.47 years. The type of accidental vehicle of most of the injured was motorcycle with 56.70% (998 cases). The most injured were drivers with 52.73% (1100 cases) and among them 57.45% (632 people) were motorcycle riders. 34.08% (711 cases) of injuries to body parts were in the head, neck and face.

The results of this research showed that most of the injured in traffic accidents are young motorcycle drivers and the most injuries were related to the head and neck area. Therefore, by knowing the risk factors and the impact of each of them on the outcome of traffic accidents, it is necessary to carry out appropriate interventions to prevent the risky behaviors of young drivers and create a culture of observing safety tips. Also, in the health system, the necessary preparations in terms of manpower and medical equipment should be made to manage the treatment of injuries caused by traffic accidents.

Unwanted complications caused by surgery can cause pain and changes in the body's physiological indicators. According to the statistics and self-reports of patients, among abdominal surgeries, people undergoing cholecystectomy surgery report more pain than expected. Considering that guided imagery and cold therapy are cheap and non-invasive methods in complementary medicine and their positive and negative effects have been proven in previous studies, this study aimed to compare the impact of guided imagery and cold therapy (cold compress) in Pain severity and blood pressure in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a teaching hospital.

This clinical trial research was conducted on 93 patients using three groups of guided imagery, cold therapy, and control groups. Patients were selected using a simple sampling method in Imam Khomeini (R.A.) teaching Hospital in Urmia. First, patients' pain severity was measured using VAS after surgery and entering the ward. Each of the interventions (guided imagery and cold therapy) was performed for 20 minutes, and then pain severity and vital signs were measured in 15-30-45-60 minutes. There was no intervention in the control group. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS ver 22.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics..

The variable distribution of gender and history of operation in the groups was not statistically significant. (P>0.05) The results indicated that age and weight variables had no effect in the study and were not statistically significant. (P>0.05) with time, the pain intensity decreased in all three groups, and the maximum reduction in pain severity was related to the fourth and second 15 minutes in the interventions and the fourth and third 15 minutes in the control group. By comparing the results of repeated measures variance and Tukey's post hoc test, pain severity and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant, indicating the interventions' positive effect. (P<0.05). The interventions did not affect systolic blood pressure (P>0.05).

The use of guided imaging and cold therapy, along with drug therapy, is recommended to reduce pain severity and stabilize blood pressure after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This article aims to investigate how the implementation of contract obligations affects economic development from the perspective of institutionalists. From this point of view, after expanding the conceptual space of the subject, we will examine the different dimensions and aspects of the impact of the implementation of contract obligations on economic development. This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. From an economic point of view, the rules of law in general and the rules of contract law in particular should be efficient and as a result lead to the maximization of wealth in the society and accordingly provide conditions for economic development. Among other things, this matter has been taken into consideration by the neo-institutionalist school in economics. First, according to institutionalists, legal and economic systems are organically related to each other; In such a way that both of them are actually part of the social system, which is called the "double balance" theory. Secondly; Unlike the market approach, institutionalists believe in the effectiveness of contract rights in economic development and emphasize the interaction between the effectiveness of contract rights and economic development as the center of gravity of legal and economic institutions.

Anal sphincter damage is a clinical condition that causes fecal incontinence and can severely disrupt a person's quality of life. Overlap sphincteroplasty is the most commonly referred surgical procedure for ASI repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology and surgical outcomes of the patients with complete anal sphincter injury (ASI) in Imam Khomeini Medical Training Center, Urmia, Iran.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the study population included all cases of ASI surgery in the surgery department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia from March 2018 to March 2022 were investigated. Data has been analyzed by SPSS version 20 software using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. A significance level of 0.05 was considered significant.

A total of 45 patients with ASI were selected. The results showed that there was a significant difference between severity and type of fecal incontinence (gas, liquid, solid) before and after the surgery in the patients with ASI (P<0.001). Also, according to the Wexner score, the severity of fecal incontinence before surgery (16.9 ± 3.7) was higher than it after surgery (4.1 ± 3.6), which indicates its reduction after surgery (P>0.05). Also, according to the Wexner score, the average improvement in incontinence was 14 ± 3.6 in women and 11.8 ± 4.2 in men no significant relationship, indicating that gender had no effect on the improvement of incontinence (P>0.05). Also, the results showed that the age of the patients had no effect on the recovery of fecal incontinence (P>0.05). However, the recovery rate of fecal incontinence in trauma patients was higher than the patients who underwent surgery (P<0.05).

The severity of fecal incontinence after surgery has decreased compared to it before the surgery, and the recovery rate of incontinence in childbirth and trauma patients was higher than it in surgical patients.

The rate of road accidents in Iran is 20 times higher than the world average and in recent years the rate of disability caused by car accidents in the country has doubled compared to European countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients due to traffic accidents based on the data of Urmia trauma registry.

The present study was conducted on all patients admitted for trauma caused by traffic accidents to a teaching hospital in Urmia, Iran, from 2017 to 2022. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.

A total of 2086 patients were studied, of which 1966 (94.25%) recovered and 120 (5.75%) died. The mean age (standard deviation) of the recovered people was 34.50 (18.44) and for the dead people it was 34.3 (18.92) years (p>0.05). The logistic regression results showed that there was a significant relationship between the chance of death with gender (OR for men =1.714, P=0.030), low educational level (OR=2.153, P=0.002), being single (OR=1.894, P=0.014) and noncompliance with safety rules  including, having driving license (OR=17.270, P=0.008), alcohol consumption (OR=10.338, P<0.001), drugs abuse (OR=5.556, P=0.032), and not using seat belts for car drivers (OR=3.466, P=0.017) and helmet use for motorcyclists (OR=5.532, P=0.040).

The findings suggest there is need to implement appropriate interventions for those who are at higher risk of death due car or motorcycle accidents.

Financial experts have invented various tools to reduce risk. These instruments are known as "derivative instruments", which include four categories of contracts; "Future Contract", "Same Futures", "Options" and "Swap Contracts" contracts. Among the derivative instruments, the option contract and its nature are more important.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

An option is the only derivative contract that can be traded on the stock exchange or over the counter. On the other hand, the flexibility of the option contract compared to other financial derivative instruments has made it possible to better cover the risk caused by price fluctuations with this instrument.

Ethical Considerations:

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Although this contract has many similarities with other contracts, it seems that in all three countries of Iran, England and France, the option contract is a valid and independent contract. In addition, covering the risk of sudden and unfavorable changes in the price of goods and commodities in future transactions has caused British lawyers to equate the nature of option contracts with insurance contracts.

According to the theory of balance, it is necessary to observe justice in the contractual rights of the parties to the exchange contracts, to maintain the economic balance of the contract, and in the philosophy of law, full presentation of each person's rights, without the intervention of others, indicates exchange justice. Distributive justice, in its comprehensive sense, also requires the balance of rights of the parties in a reciprocal contract. This theory is acceptable in Iranian jurisprudence and law, citing the right to imprisonment, the rule of loss of goods before receipt and some legal options, and in transnational legal documents, with its numerous effects. Therefore, in this article, with the descriptive method of survey method (field finding) and comparative and sometimes descriptive causal-comparative method, while examining the jurisprudence and contract law of Iran, two important international documents "International Trade Convention" and "Principles" "European contract law" and its underlying legal systems define "reciprocity of obligations" as the main and common basis.reciprocity of obligations" as the main and common basis.

 Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accounting that the risk of colorectal cancer is associated with blood sugar indices as well as the role of CEA in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer, this study was fulfilled to determine the relationship between serum level of CEA and HOMA2-IR in colorectal patients.

 In this case-control study, 40 colorectal cancer patients and 40 healthy subjects, as the control group, were included. Serum levels of CEA, insulin, and fasting blood sugar were measured in all participants. The HOMA2-IR index was calculated based on the standard formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.

The mean of CEA was 7.08±1.9 in colorectal patients and 2.21±1.5 in control group, and difference between them was significant (p = 0.003). Totally, the mean insulin among patients with CEA below 3 and CEA equal or more than 3 was 11.06±6.9 and 14.34±8.28, respectively (p = 0.026). Also, mean FBS for two groups were 110.67±42.7 and 135.9±52.5 (p = 0.01) and mean of HOMA2-IR for two groups were 1.49±0.98 and 2.04±1.25, (P = 0.011), respectively. All these differences between two groups were significant.

 colorectal patients had higher levels of CEA than the control group. The mean values of all three indices of insulin, FBS و and HOMA2-IR among patients with colorectal cancer were higher in both groups of patients with CEA below 3 and patients with CEA equal or more than 3 than control group. There was strong positive correlations between CEA with insulin, FBS, and HOMA2-IR indices in colorectal patients compared to the control group.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, caused by predisposing factors like lifestyle and aging, and partly, due to genetic and inherited disorders. Due to the increasing incidence of this cancer in Iran, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and its relationship with serum levels of vitamin K2 in the patients with colon cancer before and after colectomy.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 38 patients with colon cancer who underwent colectomy in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia were included in the study.Demographic information, BMD, and vitamin K2 levels of the patients before and after colectomy were collected and recorded in a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 17 statistical software.

From 38 patients with colorectal cancer, 34.2% were male and 65.8% were female. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 ± 12.7 years. Reviewing bone density examinations done by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in hip and spine of the patients showed that osteoporosis was higher in both places after colectomy, and their significant differences between them (P-Values were 0.043 for hip and P0.009 for spine).

The results of this study showed that osteoporosis in the hip and spine of the patients with colon cancer increased after colectomy compared to it before colectomy. However, the correlation between serum vitamin K2 levels and osteoporosis was not significant.

A fiduciary sale is a sale that, despite all the conditions of the sale contract, lacks ownership and the seller does not own the goods she sells and is not authorized by the law, in Iran's law, a fiddling contract is considered as an exception to the principle of relative effect of contracts. Because in this type of contract, there is a transaction between a voyeur and an authentic one, the main effect of which appears in another property, but despite this voyeuristic transaction, it is recognized as a valid and non-enforceable contract, In the international documents, the lawyers of this legal system were strongly opposed to any changes after the conclusion of the contract and believed that the contract should be executed by the obligee in any state it is in.

This research is of a theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library-based and by referring to documents, books and article.

Ethical Considerations:

In this research, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty, neutrality and originality of the work have been respecte.

The legal and jurisprudential rules and principles of Iran, but is in full compliance with the principles It is like Asala al-Baqa, the negation of difficulty and harm, etc. Finally, by approving articles in the law, it is possible to predict the limits of the court's authority in judicial adjustment, and in this way, any kind of obstacle regarding the acceptance of this judicial solution can be removed.

The research done in this article showed In Iranian law, despite the controversies that exist in examining the possibility or impossibility of accepting judicial adjustment, but the effectiveness of judicial adjustment of the contract in some cases and the effect of the remaining contract on the relations of the parties is undeniable.

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) is a scarce tumor of exterior root sheath that appears to grow within the wall of a pre-existing pilar cyst in most cases. This report presents a case of malignant PTT in the posterior sacrum of a 33-year-old man presenting with limited mobility and a history of paraplegia.

In Islamic jurisprudence, jurists have provided criteria and cited various legal rules and principles in order to determine the applicant. The reason for the jurists for this distinction is that they can determine the burden of proving the dispute to the recipient. However, it is not always the case that he wants to be the only active member during the proceedings. Sometimes this view is accompanied by changes such as the judge's involvement in proving the case. Because civil litigation systems are subdivided into different legal systems, the role of the court in each legal system is different. Thus, in the system of accusatory proceedings, civil litigation is the property of the litigants and the judge is merely a passive member who can have no role other than issuing a verdict based on the reasons presented by the parties. However, in the system of investigative proceedings, the role of the judge in proving the lawsuit is active and he can search for evidence to prove the lawsuit in parallel with the plaintiff. In a way, the activeness of the judge reduces the role of the plaintiff in carrying the burden of proof. In this article, the basics of the role of the judge in proving the case are evaluated.

There are objections to the legal status of a person seeking a change in his or her interest and a lawsuit. Accordingly, the present situation must be in accordance with the rules and principles, and the person seeking change must be required to present his or her arguments. In the science of principles and throughout the world, the principle is that the claimant must bear the burden of proving his claim. The same can be said of Iran's Civil Procedure Code. Islamic jurisprudence also supports this view, and this has been emphasized in transnational civil procedure. The rules and principles that are raised about the claimant and the burden of proof are the same in contracts, legal events and civil liability, and the difference between the source and the origin of the obligation has no significant effect on the rules governing proof. But at the stage of applying the rules, the situation is different. It is worth noting that the court may be able to bear part of the evidence in this way by accepting its pro-active view and, in some cases, changing the position of the claimant. In this article, this issue is examined in detail.

The idea of non-existence of a contract has been considered along with the types of void contracts, called absolute and relative void. In recent decades, Iranian-French legal doctrines have been trying to abandon this theory and to theorize only on the basis of two parts of absolute and relative. Nevertheless, since the past decades, French judicial practice has been referring to this theory with no hesitation. Since the foundation, content and regulation of this type of invalidity are different from invalidity in other cases, it is not appropriate and logical to treat the both in the same manner. Therefore, for the purpose of accepting this theory, this article emphasizes on the necessity of accepting this theory in Iranian and French law, and outlines some of its technical and practical benefits, including the effects of this theory, which takes into account terms and conditions of transactions. At the same time, my view of accepting the theory is important in terms of its application

Contract interpretation is one of the problem areas in the contracts. There are many basics for interpreting the contract. Approximately the principles of interpretation have been considered in various legal systems. One of the principles presented for interpreting the contract is the discovery of the truth based on the will of the parties. It is customary to create conflict between the will of the individuals (dominant and externally) in the field of contracts. Conflict arises from the real and declared will of individuals. In most legal systems, contract interpretation and conflict resolution are preferable to real and inner will, in such a way that if true, the true intention of the parties is other than that which has been expressed, the real will will be preferred, which ethics also accepts. And this issue has been accepted in jurisprudence, Iranian law and EU law. On the other hand, English law has a different approach to these systems, although it is possible that ethics will not accept this interpretation in some cases. In the current research, regardless of the views of researchers in this field, the actual and internal will, with moral justification, is preferred to the will expressed.

Nowadays, due to the growth of city-dwelling and apartment- dwelling resulted from many factors; selling in advance contracts have become widely common among Iranians and, mass constructors of buildings; big constructional companies; constructors of townships; constructors of commercial, service, residential complexes and even administrative organizations try to collect the needed capital for this profitable and 1ucrative economic activity before they start the construction. Jurists, lawyers, judges and involved authorities are supposed to justify and explain these kinds of contracts according to the current legal and Islamic constitutions (Fiqhy) to provide a proper and exact framework for arriving at a legal conclusion in disputes. This study explored Sale Contract and the reasons of adaptability and inadaptability of the above mentioned contracts to different kinds of sale.

Nowadays, due to the growth of city-dwelling and apartment-dwelling resulted from many factors, presale contracts have become widely common among Iranians and mass constructors of buildings, big constructional companies, constructors of commercial services and residential complexes. And even administrative organizations try to collect the required capital for this profitable and lucrative economic activity before they start the construction. Jurists, lawyers and judges are supposed to justify and explain these kinds of contracts according to the current legal and Islamic jurisprudence constitutions to provide a proper and exact framework for arriving to a legal conclusion in disputes. This study explores the settlement and the presale and the reasons of adaptability and inadaptability of the above mentioned contracts