فهرست مطالب nastaran sharifi

The family's emotional climate and resilience are among the protective factors against drug use by teenagers.

The present study aimed to predict addiction susceptibility in male adolescents based on the family's emotional climate with the mediation of resilience.

The research method was of the descriptive correlation type and the study's statistical population included all male students of public schools in Tehran in the first and second semesters of 2017-2018, from which 267 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research tools included the Affective Family Climate Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire-Adolescents Version. The data of the present research were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and Imus software.

The present study's results showed that the family's emotional climate (β=-0.468, P=0.001) and resilience (β=-0.246, P=0.001) predict addiction susceptibility in male adolescents negatively and meaningfully. The family's emotional climate predicts addiction susceptibility in male adolescents through the mediation of resilience (β=0.083, P=0.001).

The results of the present study emphasize the importance of the role of the family, both in terms of creating a favorable emotional climate and in terms of playing a role, as a suitable model in the emergence of behavior. It is suggested that parents also protect their children from the influence of peers and the use of tobacco and drugs by providing a suitable emotional climate.

Existing literature in this domain reveals a gap in research, as no study has been conducted to model the satisfaction of university students at the Islamic Azad University based on the six-factor personality model, HEXACO, with motivation for progress as a potential mediator. This underscores the need for an investigation into the interplay between personality factors, academic satisfaction, and the motivating forces for academic advancement among students at the Islamic Azad University.

The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling academic satisfaction based on the six factors of Hexaco personality with the mediation of motivation to progress in the students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch.

The research method was correlational. The population of this study was the students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhan branch, in the academic year of 1402-1401. 315 people were selected using random sampling method. The data collection tools were the Hermans achievement motivation test (1970), the students' academic satisfaction scale (Terekzadeh and Mesbeh, 2013) and the 60-question Hexaco scale (Ashton and Lee, 2009).

Data analysis using the structural equation modeling approach showed that the academic satisfaction model has a favorable fit based on the six factors of Hexaco's personality with the mediation of students' progress motivation. The effect of Hexaco's personality trait dimensions on academic satisfaction is significant (P< 0.0005); So that honesty, humility, β= 0.341, openness to experience, β= 0.426, conscientiousness, β=0.513, extroversion, β=0.363, adaptability, β= 0.420, and excitability, β= 0.392, were reported.. Also, achievement motivation has an effect on academic relationship satisfaction (β= 784; P< 0.0005).

It seems that studying the level of satisfaction with education and academic motivation of students can be an indicator for improving academic performance. Also, it seems that the psychological and personality evaluation of the applicants to enter the universities can lead to the selection of a suitable field of study and create higher academic satisfaction.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness on body image concerns of overweight patients. The method was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all overweight women (body mass index between 25 and 29.9) in Varamin City. In the present study, 80 women were considered as thesample size. The sampling method in the present study was done voluntarily. Sampling was done over two months by calling overweight people living in Varamin City. Then, 80 of them were selected by lottery and, after matching, were placed in 4 groups. Then, psychotherapeutic interventions were performed on the experimental group members, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Littleton's (2005) Body Image Concern Inventory was used to collect data. In order to statistically analyze the data, analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS software were used. The univariate analysis of covariance showed a difference between concern about the body image of the control group, with cognitive-behavioral therapy, therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and mindfulness in overweight people. Also, the results of the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed that all three interventions effectively reduced body image concerns, but there was no significant difference between the test groups.

Immigration is a dual-factor phenomenon that creates psychological pressures by establishing a stressful environment and necessitating new adaptations. This study aimed to determine the fit of the proposed model of general health of Iranian immigrants based on cognitive flexibility and perfectionism, mediated by acculturationstress.

Methods and Materials:

The study employed a correlational method. The population comprised all Iranian immigrants who had legally resided for more than a year in Western Europe, North America, or Oceania. A sample of 224 individuals was selected through convenience sampling. Data collection was conducted using Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (1972), Dennis and Vander Wal’s Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (2010), Hill et al.'s Perfectionism Questionnaire (2004), and Hoveyand King's AcculturationStress Scale (1996).

Results indicated that cognitive flexibility negatively impacts the general health of immigrants (β = -0.46, p = 0.001). Perfectionism also negatively affects their general health (β = -0.42, p = 0.001). Acculturationstress positively impacts the general health of immigrants (β = 0.76, p = 0.001).

The assessment of the proposed model using path analysis demonstrated a good fit for the general health of Iranian immigrants based on cognitive flexibility and perfectionism, mediated by acculturationstress. Consequently, fostering positive cognitive flexibility and perfectionism can aid in reducing acculturationstress and maintaining mental health in immigrants.

One of the common emotions in people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders is anger syndrome. The main concern for those suffering from anxiety disorders whose performance in various activities is impaired is self-harming anger and sometimes suicide. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy on anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders.

Methods and Materials:

 It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up design. All the patients with anxiety disorders referred to specialized psychological centers in Tehran city in 2022 constituted the statistical population of the study. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and replaced by random assignment in three equal groups of 15 people. respectively, cognitive-behavioral therapy (Leahy et al., 2009) and metacognitive therapy (Wells and Fisher, 2015) were applied in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour in the subjects of the experimental groups. but the control group did not receive treatment intervention. In addition to the demographic information checklist, researcher-made form, data collection was done with state-trait aggression questionnaire. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS statistical software number 26.

The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy were effective in reducing symptoms of state anger, trait anger, and occurrence of anger and increasing symptoms of anger control at the end of treatment and after a three-month follow-up. the three-month follow-up results of the interventions also showed the stability of the treatment. also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective in improving the scores of anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders than metacognitive therapy (P<0.05).

Based on this, it can be stated that both cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive methods are beneficial in improving anger indicators in people with anxiety disorders. Also, the existence of the behavioral activation session can be the reason for the superiority of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Smoking is a serious health threat, killing about 5 million people worldwide each year. By 2030, the number of diseases and deaths from tobacco use will reach 8 million per year. This study aims to investigate the prediction of smoking tendency based on emotional dyslexia and perceptual control with the mediation of risk perception.

This was a descriptive-correlational research conducted on all the 45,000 employees of Tehran Municipality who were working in 2019. The statistical sample consisted of 215 members of the aforementioned statistical population, which was determined using the usual sampling method in correlation studies and the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments used included the smoking tendency questionnaire, the emotional nonverbal questionnaire, and the perceptual control questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and Amos software version 22 at two descriptive (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential (structural equation analysis) levels.

The coefficient of the direct path between alexithymia and the tendency to smoke was 0.380. It can be concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between alexithymia and the tendency to smoke. In addition, the coefficient of the direct path between perceptual control and the tendency to smoke was -0.250.

There is a negative and significant relationship between cognitive control and the tendency to smoke. Therefore, by teaching people emotional regulation skills, a person can be prepared to face and solve problems and have constructive relationship with others.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with acceptance and commitment-based therapy on body image concerns in overweight women. Research

The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a follow-up phase in three experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research consisted of all overweight women (body mass index between 25 and 29.9) of Varamin city in the year 1400, 60 of whom were selected as a statistical sample using the available sampling method and divided into three experimental and control groups. random faces were replaced; First, all three groups were evaluated with the body image concern questionnaire of Littleton colleagues (2005). The experimental group of cognitive behavioral therapy using the treatment protocol of Pimentera et al. (2017) and the experimental group of treatment based on acceptance of commitment using the treatment protocol of Ciarrochi, Bailey and Harris (2005) were subjected to intervention for eight sessions of 90 minutes. Collected data were analyzed using variance of repeated measures.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment were effective on body image concerns (F=28.21, P=0.001) in overweight women and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase. Was. Also, the results of the follow-up test showed that there is no difference between the two treatment methods and both interventions were effective in reducing body image concerns.

Considering the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on body image concerns in overweight women, these two interventions can be effective methods in the field of body image concerns in overweight people. Weight to be used by psychologists and counselors.

Obesity, as a global and growing health problem, provides the basis for the occurrence of chronic diseases and is associated with many physical-psychological problems. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness on improving the body mass index of overweight patients.

The method of this research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. From the statistical population of overweight women (body mass index between 25 and 29.9) in Varamin city, 80 women were selected according to the available method and considering the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into four groups. became SPSS version 22 software and analysis of covariance and Ben Feroni's post hoc test were used to analyze the research data.

The covariance test showed that there is a significant difference between the research groups in the body mass index (p/>005). Ben Feroni's post hoc test showed that all three interventions were effective in improving the body mass index compared to the control group, and the result of comparing the interventions also showed that mindfulness had the greatest effect, followed by ACT and CBT.

Considering the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention, it is suggested to use this intervention to improve the body mass index of obese patients.

 Smoking is one of the serious health threats and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This study aimed to predict the tendency to smoke based on alexithymia mediated by risk perception. The method of this study was descriptive and correlational. The study's statistical population included all employees of Tehran Municipality in 2019, from which 215 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling to participate in the study. The data collection tool included a questionnaire on the tendency to smoke salty cigarettes, Rajabi (2006) reported a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.83. Also, from the forum's high-risk events cognitive evaluation questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.78) (Baheiraei et al., 2012). And Taylor et al.'s emotional non-verbal questionnaire (1991) was used with its retest reliability ranging from r=0.80 to r=0.87 (Besharat, 2007).. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-25 and Amos-22 and structural equations. According to the results, the proposed model for predicting smoking tendency based on alexithymia mediated by risk perception had a good fit. Risk perception played a minor mediating role in the relationship between alexithymia and smoking tendency. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to reduce the tendency to smoke by helping people overcome alexithymia and increase their perception of risk. 

Skeletal anchorage is a new aid for the correction of moderate anterior open bite. This study aimed at treating moderate anterior open bite using posterior intrusion via mini implants. In addition, a review of studies carried out on open bite correction using absolute anchorage was performed.

The following keywords were used: open bite, camouflage, extraction, surgery, bone-anchor intrusion, posterior intrusion, mini screw, mini plate, and absolute anchorage. A review of articles was performed in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. The time span of article search was from January 2011 to April 2021. In the case presented in this study, an anterior open bite was corrected with mini implants.

Twelve studies were selected from 42 articles that met the initial eligibility criteria.  In most studies, the reduction in mandibular plane angle (SN-GoGn and FMA) was less than 2◦ following counterclockwise rotation. But, in some studies the changes ranged between 2.3 and 3.9◦. In all studies following mandibular autorotation, facial convexity decreased, chin contour improved, and lower anterior face height decreased. Our patient also showed a decrease of 2° in the mandibular plane angle and a decrease of 1°in facial convexity.

According to this study, intrusion of posterior teeth with the aid of moderate skeletal anchorage is a non-invasive camouflage treatment. Also, in the patient studied here it corrected overbite, improved facial appearance, and reduced the need for surgery.

Being in sensitive academic conditions often affects students' mental and physical health. This study aimed to model social adequacy using resilience medicated by academic adjustment among the students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.  

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all students studying at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2019-20. A total of 320 students were selected using the stratified sampling method. Data were collected using the Flanner Social Adequacy Questionnaire (1990), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (2003), as well as Baker and Siryk Academic Adjustment Questionnaire (1989). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS (version 24) and Lisrel (version 8.80) software.

The results of path analysis showed that resilience had a direct effect on academic adjustment (ß=0.33, P<0.001) and social adequacy (ß=0.15, P<0.001); moreover, academic adjustment had a direct effect on social adequacy (ß=0.28, P<0.001). Furthermore, academic adjustment played a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and social adequacy.

It can be concluded that the social adequacy model using resilience mediated by the academic adjustment among the students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences fitted the data well. Considering the role of resilience in increasing academic adjustment and social adequacy, it is of importance to create positive beliefs in health and inform people about the impacts of resilience.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded by a self-adhering composite compared with a conventional adhesive.

This in vitro, experimental study investigated 40 human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups based on the adhesive type and bonding condition: (I) Vertise Flow composite without saliva contamination (VF), (II) Vertise Flow composite with saliva contamination (VF/S), (III) Transbond XT composite without saliva contamination (TXT), and (IV) Transbond XT composite with saliva contamination (TXT/S). After the preparation step, brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of the teeth, and samples were mounted in acrylic blocks, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and underwent thermocycling between 5- 55°C. Next, the SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test.  P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

ANOVA showed a significant difference in SBS among the groups (P<0.001). The highest SBS was achieved in the TXT group (26.63±9.09 MPa), followed by TXT/S (13.69±4.23 MPa), VF/S (3.68±1.49 MPa), and VF (3.04±1.73 MPa).

Saliva contamination did not have a significant effect on SBS of brackets bonded with Vertise Flow. However, it did not provide acceptable bond strength for orthodontic bracket bonding in the clinical setting.

The data of the present research was initially collected by using research findings systematic review for the study of the organizational factors effective on teachers’ efficiency and motivation. Then the meta-analysis method was used to respond to questions. The statistical population of this research includes all researches which were conducted inside Iran in the field of factors effective on teachers’ efficiency and motivation between 1996 to 2016. On this basis, the statistical population was identified and relevant data was coded by internet research in internal data banks and also manual search in Tehran universities. Finally, 18 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. To collect the required data meta-analysis, worksheet form was used. Data analysis results show that the size index of studies compound effect was 10.0 under the fixed model and 17.0 under the random model. In the separation study of the size of variables effect, the organization health factors, organizational climate, students’ motivation, director’s attention, and relationship-oriented management style, had the highest effect on the teachers’ efficiency and motivation, respectively. In egger’s regression method, the regression constant was estimated equal to 01.0 which its level of significance is less than 05.0; therefore according to the egger’s regression, publication bias exists. Also, moderating analysis was done for variables of publication year and place of carrying out the research which shows the ineffectiveness of moderating variables of the year of conduction of the research and the place of conduction of the research on the studies’ results

The present study was conducted to compare emotional-behavioral disorders, self-concept and academic achievement between children with substance-dependent and non-dependent parents.

This study was a causal-comparative design. The statistical population included all male students of public high schools (first and second periods) in the west of Tehran in 2018-2019. Among them, 328 students were selected using multi-stage sampling method. The study sample was divided into two equal groups of students with and without substance-dependent parents. Participants completed the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (self-assessment form) and the self-concept scale. Also, the GPA of the final evaluation scores of the first round was used to assess academic achievement. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post hoc test.

The results showed that students with substance-dependent parents had significantly higher scores in the field of emotional-behavioral disorders, negative self-concept and poor academic achievement compared to students without substance-dependent parents.

It seems that substance-dependent parents cause emotional-behavioral disorders, negative self-concept and poor academic achievement in their children.

People working in health environments are exposed to serious risks and injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional intelligence with safety behavior in health care staff.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive based on the method and was a model of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all health workers of Mahabad city who were selected by stratified random sampling method of 200 people and completed Safety Behavior Questionnaires, Work- Family Conflict Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Emotional Quotient Scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method with Smart-PLS and SPSS software.

The findings indicated a fitting of the structural model of the research as well as a negative and significant relationship between work-family conflict and burnout with safety behavior as well as a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and safety behavior. It was also found that burnout plays a mediating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and work-family conflict with the safety behavior of health care staff (P ​​<0.01).

The present study showed that work-family conflict and emotional intelligence are able to predict the safety behaviors of health care personnel. It seems that the management system of the organization can improve the safety level of its employees by optimally managing these factors.

The purpose of the present study is to predict creativity according to resilience, efficacy, adjusted perfectionism, maladjusted perfectionism, parents’ education, family members and close relatives’ creative activities, via motivation to progress among male students at Urmia, Iran.

The Statistical method of this research is path analysis, the sampling method is multi-step random sampling, and the sample size is 300 high school students in the second and third grades in mathematics, empirical science, and human science. For measuring the variables, the Abidi’s questionnaire of creativity, Hermens’s questionnaire of motivation to progress, Hil’s questionnaire of perfectionism, Shere’s questionnaire of self-efficacy, Kobasa’s questionnaire of resilience, questionnaire of parental education and creative activities of family members and close relatives were used.

The result of the study showed that resilience, self-efficacy and, adjusted and maladjusted perfectionism have a significant direct relationship with creativity, and an indirect relationship with creativity via motivation to progress as a mediator variable. It also showed that parents’ education and creative activities of family members and close relatives have a significant direct relationship with creativity , but there is no significant relationship between the above variables and motivation to progress.

motivation to progress as a mediator variable affects the relationship among resilience, self-efficacy motivation to progress and perfectionism with creativity. Key words: Creativity, motivation to progress, perfectionism, self-efficacy, resilience, parental education, the creative activities of family members and close relatives

In elementary schools, especially in lower classes, we often encounter students who have difficulty reading, writing, counting, and other educational activities, although they are normal or near-normal levels of intelligence. Such students are not known before they go to the primary school, on the other side we know that a high percentage of children's brain develops in the first six years of life, and many neuroscientists believe that synaptic bonds in brain development at an early age are far higher than in the later periods, and in the age range of 5, It reduces a little whereas decrease in memory will cause troubles in life and may lead to impairment in reading and math. For this reason, diagnosis and rehabilitation of learning disabilities are essential before entering school. The purpose of this study was to predict learning disabilities in pre-school children.

The research method is a correlation. All students who studied at a pre-school level in one of the cities of Kerman selected as the statistical population. Using the Cochran formula, about 180 people are enough for the sample group. To avoid the fall error, 240 questionnaires distributed, of which 206 questionnaires entirely completed. The sampling method is a random cluster. The sample includes children aged between 5 years and six months to 5 years and 12 months. The individual test  run and the approximate time for each child was about two hours since five-year-old children cannot answer all the questions at one time, the test conducted in 5 sessions. The research tool to test learning failure is a visual-auditory memory test and Goodenough test, which is stable and reliable enough. Preschoolers responded to all three tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. The examiners were eight graduates of elementary education major who had experience in kindergarten.

To determine the prevalence of learning disability, children's crude scores first calculated in the test, Diagnosis of Learning failure. According to the cut-off point (a standard deviation below the mean), the number of children who scored below the cut-off point was 26 from which one of the children diagnosed with the Goodenough IQ test and interview with the border teacher. Since the total sample is 206 children, the prevalence rate is 12.13%. The average total memory scores of the normal children were 24.58±5.26, and the average total memory scores of children with learning disabilities were 18.11±5.7, respectively, and the average score of the total test of learning disabilities in children with this problem was 126.5 ± 9.91 and in normal children was 162.51±11.93. As we have seen, the mean scores of normal children in the total test of learning failure, including subscales (shape rotation, shape and field, voice recognition, numeric detection, writing letters same as patterns, visual argumentation, word meaning, symbolizing, maze, different phone(me) recognition, comprehension, auditory differentiation, completion of unfinished sentences, visual distinction), and in the memory test, which includes subscales (numerical, verbal, reversible numerical and visual), is higher than children with learning disabilities. The results of the analysis of Logistics regression showed that the effect of memory on learning disability was significant (p<0.01), but the gender effect was not significant. Two independent variables (memory and gender) have been able to explain 29% of the variation in the level of learning disability. The accuracy of the total classification of individuals was 87.7%. This accuracy is 20% for people with learning disabilities and 98.7% for normal people.

The results showed that this model could be used to detect the early learning disability of pre-school students, and if a child got a low score in the memory test, he would be referred to the treatment centres as soon as possible.

The purpose of the present study was to construct and normalization the pre-school students' learning disability test. A researcher-made visual-spatial test consists of seven sections (symbolization, space status, visual distinction, visual argumentation, visual memory sequence, maze, and rotational form) its content validity is confirmed by psychology professors and then was performed on a sample of 206 preschool students. The questions were analyzed, and their validity, reliability and cut point were determined.
This test has enough reliability. To determine the validity of construct and composing component of the tests, the main component by rotation in Varimax normalized method was used. In analysis of the factors of questions in spatial perception subtest, seven of which were namable. Conformity factor analysis was also used to determine the validity of factors: the conformity factor analysis confirmed that the structure of questionnaire had an acceptable fitness to the data. independent t-test demonstrated that there is a significant difference between average scores of the students with learning disability and normal. To investigate convergent validity, we used the checklist of learning disability that simultaneously was completed by the mothers. The results of Chi-Squared test demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between these two variables, the completed checklist by mothers and completed learning disability test by children.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the main psychological challenges of current era. This issue explains the necessity of undertaking various and extensive diagnostic and therapeutically investigations on this disorder. In this regard, the accurate assessment of the clinical signs of obsessive - compulsive disorder is a crucial factor to need the most suitable therapeutic   outcomes. The main purpose of this research is to compare responses of obsessive – compulsive patients with the ones of normal people, in Obsessive Style Index (OBS) of Rorschach inkblots test. In order to do this 120 people (60 men and 60 women) of 20 – 50 years old people were selected among obsessive – compulsive patients and normal people in Tehran using the accessible sampling method. All of the samples responded to Rorschach inkblots test. The result of chi – square indicated significant differences between of obsessive- compulsive patients and normal people in Obsessive Style Index and its variables, and 68% of obsessive- compulsive patient's protocols were positive. No significant difference was observed between male and female obsessive- compulsive patients in Obsessive Style Index. It seems, according to the findings of this study, the Obsessive Style Index is capable in seperation of obsessive- compulsive patients from normal people in the investigated clinical Iranian samples group  and  this index can be used as an effective tool for diagnosis of obsessive- compulsive disorder.

Reading is a kind of mental-lingual process based on the visual information, reader's awareness, as well as phonological and semantic rules. This skill is the most fundamental learning tool for students, since reading, and comprehension are the basic requirements to acquire any written information. The lack of success in acquiring reading skills in early school years can genuinely prevent students from achievement in most other educational subjects. Research shows that most children with reading complications suffer from problems in motor coordination and auditory processing. Based on the above, the present study aims to answer the following question: is sound therapy with Forbrain able to help students with reading difficulties improve their reading performance and auditory discrimination? This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with the control group. The sample group consisted of 20 students who were studying in elementary school (second and third grade). They were selected by available sampling method from the stated sample and assigned randomly to two experimental and control groups. In this Study Data collected by Reading - Dyslexia Test (Karami nori & Moradi 2008) and Wepman auditory discrimination test (WADT 1987). The criteria for entry into the study included: Not having dyslexia according to DSM-5, The lowest scores in the Reading & dyslexia test, not taking the drug (Ritalin), being In the age range of 7 to 9 years, and having a normal IQ in the Wechsler Intelligence Test. Exit criteria include: having other intermittent disorders such as ADHD, having unprofitable families (such as divorce, parenthood addiction, etc.), having Physical sensory problems. After pre-test the experimental group for 20 sessions trained by integrated cerebellar training method (1hour), and auditory correction method (30 minute with Forbrain headset), while the control group received no intervention. Then, the subjects of the two groups tested by post-test. Data were analysed by SPSS22 in p=0.05. As pretest scores were considered as a covariant variable, to determine its impact on the posttest, analysis of covariance used. To this end, the assumptions of variance homogeneity and the normal distribution of scores- as main covariance assumptions- were investigated. The results of the Levene test approved the homogeneity of the data (Auditory Discrimination: F=29.65, P<0.11; Reading Skills: F=1.66, P<0.33). The data analysis based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test shows the normal distribution of data in both groups. Since the prerequisites for covariance observed, the data were analysed using Analyze of Covariance (ANCOVA).  The results of ANCOVA shows significant differences in mean of reading skills (p= 0.02), and auditory discrimination (p=0.00) in the experimental group decreased significantly. This difference also was significant for all subscales of reading skills (Chain words, Understanding words, Rhyme test, The concept of text, Read the words) except Reading non-words, Naming picture and Deleting sounds (p=0.44, 0.32, 0.06). According to the previous study, the results obtained in this study show that the integrating of cerebellar training method with vibration have a significant effect on reading skills and auditory discrimination students with reading difficulties. Because of the effectivity of the present intervention in the treatment of auditory discrimination, the same method can be employed to treat or prevent other learning disorders. Although this intervention is not a perfect treatment for all types of learning disorders, it is a major component since hearing plays a prominent role in the learning process without its training and adjustment learning will be hard.

The weakness of visual perception skills and reduced visual memory leads to reading and math impairment. Therefore, it is essential to develop a test to achieve this goal

the present study by the purpose of making and normalization of the test of cognitive ability has been accomplished for diagnosis of preschool students’ cognitive ability to achieve this purpose based on theorical literature, a test was prepared the test of cognitive ability has been formed of seven part :(the detection of objects is also a rhyme, understand the numbers of the image, write like a pattern, contact pictures) it’s content was confirmed by professor of psychology and consultants and then was performed on a sample of 206 preschool students. The questions were analyzed by suitable statistical method, and validity, reliability and normalized scores were determined.

base on accomplished account the internal consistency coefficient of subscale of the detection of objects is also a rhyme, understand the numbers of the image, write like a pattern, contact pictures are , respectively, 0.51, 0.42, 0.73 and 0.50 and total scale of cognitive ability is 0.67. to determine the validity of construct and composing component of the tests methodology of the main component by rotation in varimax method was used which 4of them were nameble. Conformity factor analysis also was used to determined validity of factor, that the conformity factor analysis confirms that the structure of questionnaire has an acceptable fitness to data and also confirms all of the goodness of fit indices of model. Raw scores were converted to normalized scores(Z, T, IQ) T-test independently demonstrate that there is a significant difference between average scores of girl and boy students In factor of cognitive ability. To investigate concurrent validity, we used of visuospatial perception test. The results of Pearson test showed that there is a significant connection between these two variables. regarding to the obtained validity and reliability, cognitive ability test is a tool that can be used in learning disability and consultation centers

To achieve proper bond strength for porcelains, adequate surface roughness is essential, which is traditionally gained by sandblasting or acid etching with hydrofluoric (HF) acid. Nowadays with the development of laser systems, serious efforts were made to apply this new instrument for surface etching of porcelains due to easy usage, safety, and more efficiency. There are different kinds of lasers and porcelains, so choosing the ones which will be good match for each other is crucial. Besides that, changing the irradiation setting can be beneficial as well. This article reviewed 33 related studies and summarized results of etching accomplished by Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG and CO2 lasers on different types of porcelains considering different laser settings and evaluation methods to bring a comprehensive insight.

Analytical study on the relationship and distinction between two types of emotional creativity and cognitive factors that are each based on the population of high school students is bojnurd. The research with the hypothesis that emotional creativity and cognitive creativity are distinguished apart, yet together relationship have been done. The population included all male and female high school students (first period) is in the public high schools in the academic year 95-94 bojnurd had been studying  Of the population, 126 males and 227 females were selected by cluster sampling stage. The method of correlation. Data collection also emotional creativity test is April and cognitive creativity Abedi. The results show that these two measures are distinct from each other, and their rod components communicate with each other.

This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the students metacognitive states. The study population includes all male and female high school students( first period) that have been studying  in publish high schools of Bojnord in the 2015-16 academic year. Of the population, 126 males and 227 fameles were selected using stage cluster sampeling. Reaserch method is Correlation-based. The data collection tool also includes test for students metacognitive state. The resuts show that the questionnaire has good validity and reliability and norm.

This research is to study the psychometric features of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) on the staff of manufacturing companies in Tehran and its suburbs who worked on the years 1392 & 1393. To this end, a number of 403 men and women individuals from the staff of these companies were selected through multistage random sampling. The entire participants were tested and evaluated using the long form (100 questions) of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. This is an exploratory descriptive survey type of research in correlation directory studied based on the classic methods of psychometrics.  Using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the validity values of internal consistency of internal and external factors of job satisfaction questionnaire were derived at 0.971 and 0.971 for 61 and 37 questions, respectively.  The validity coefficients for the entire questionnaire of Minnesota job satisfaction were calculated at 0.983 following the removal of two questions in the factor analysis (98 questions). Structural reliability of questionnaire was studied using factor analysis and the KMO indicator was equal to 0.935 while the significance of Bartlett’s sphericity indicated the presence of necessary conditions for application of factor analysis. Results of factor analysis through varimax rotation led to extraction of two factors that explains nearly 43% of the total variance. The first factor (internal factor) and the second factor (external factors) constitute 22.889% and 19.842%, respectively.  Ratings percentage was calculated in order to draft the norm for job satisfaction questionnaire and as a result, the table of norm was drawn up for both factors and the entire questionnaire.
Results of this research suggest that the Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire may be used as a relatively valid and reliable means for measurement of occupational satisfaction in industrial units.