parastoo mohammadi

Mitochondrial complex V deficiency refers to a shortage (deficiency) of a protein complex called complex V or a loss of its function. The TMEM70 gene provides the blueprint for mitochondrial ATP synthase, a protein essential for cellular energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. The diagnostic method based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) provides more appropriate genetic counseling by saving time and money.

This study investigated three patients presenting with similar clinical symptoms using WES. After DNA extraction, WES was performed, and a novel mutation (c.311T > G: p.V104G) in the TMEM70 gene was identified. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the variant in the parents.

The novel TMEM70 mutation (c.311T > G: p.V104G) was identified as a potential cause of the disease in these patients.

This study highlights the utility of WES in the rapid and cost-effective identification of pathogenic variants associated with mitochondrial disorders. The identification of a novel TMEM70 mutation underscores the importance of this gene in mitochondrial function and further emphasizes the need for comprehensive genetic screening in individuals presenting with clinical symptoms consistent with mitochondrial ATP synthase deficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific functional consequences of this mutation and to investigate the prevalence of TMEM70 mutations in various populations.

Veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency (VODI) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by immunesystem irregularities and a significant mortality rate, despite its infrequency. SP110, situated on chromosome 2q37.1,plays a pivotal role in VODI syndrome, and its association with tuberculosis has been extensively studied. Theidentification of SP110 mutations holds promise for accelerating the diagnosis and treatment of VODI syndrome, byproviding a comprehensive panel for diagnosis and potentially leading to targeted therapies. In this case study, weexamined a three-year-old girl born to a consanguineous union who was suspected of having an immunodeficiencydisorder. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and clinical assessments were conducted to screen for and confirmpotentially pathogenic mutations. The detected mutation was further analyzed using bioinformatics tools to forecastits impact on protein structure. WES analysis revealed a novel deletion-insertion mutation, c.1181-1182delAGinsT,within SP110. Protein analysis indicated substantial structural modifications in the SP110 protein. This study identifieda novel deletion-insertion mutation as a potential contributor to VODI syndrome by affecting the functionality of theSP110 protein. By including various mutations associated with the SP110 gene, this study aimed to expedite diagnosisby creating a comprehensive panel for VODI syndrome.

Technology-based firms face many challenges at the start of their activities, which multiply their need for support. Therefore, providing services to them based on their main feature, i.e. technology level, will lead to the purposeful use of limited available resources. In this study, we identified six groups of services required by the firms located in science and technology parks (STP), including financial, knowledge, management, welfare, marketing and legal services. This groups of services were divided into 35 subgroups based on library studies and interviews with experts and a needs assessment survey from the firms located in Tarbiat Modares Science and Technology Park. The correlation between technology readiness level (TRL) and services required by the firms was tested. Based on the results, the technology readiness level correlates with five groups of services, except financial services. In order to design the support packages, we used Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method to weight the five service groups in the first stage, and 35 subgroups of services in the second stage. According to the results, the most service groups required by the firms based on TRL1-3, TRL4-6 and TRL7-9 are respectively knowledge services, legal services and marketing services

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a severe complication that can develop in up to 15% of adults following hematopoietic cell transplantation. Occlusion of small veins in the liver results in congestion and damage. Recent studies have been conducted to identify potential biomarkers and explore molecular advances to improve the understanding and management of SOS/VOD. MicroRNAs are reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prevention of disease progression. Consequently, we analyzed GSE164635 using R packages, with a log fold change of less than 0.05, to identify four significant miRNAs. The multiMiR package was utilized to predict gene targets for the identified miRNAs. Pathway enrichment and gene ontology analyses of common genes were performed using Funrich 3.1.3. Cytoscape software was employed to construct networks of commonly shared genes. Target gene prediction for these miRNAs was conducted using the multiMiR package in R, with data sourced from the mirTarBase and Tarbase databases. Two upregulated and downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-148a-3p) and (hsa-miR-342-3p and hsa-miR-150-5p), respectively, were identified. For the upregulated miRNAs, the network revealed interactions with key genes such as AGO2, CDKN1A, HSP90AA1, HSPA4, EP300, IGF1R, MYC, SMAD2, DICER1, and IL10. For the downregulated miRNAs, the interaction network identified significant genes, including EEF2, IGF1R, EP300, CCN2, DNMT1, SREBF1, CANX, ZEB1, SP1, and JUN. The present study identified novel biomarkers involved in lipid metabolism, liver fibrosis, inflammation, and cell function associated with the VOD mechanism. These findings may contribute to improving quality of life.

Sodium butyrate (NaBu) is a short-chain fatty acid; it is one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can alter both genetic and epigenetic expressions. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of NaBu on the expression of miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell lines.

This study was done in Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. HCT-116 cell line was treated with diverse concentrations of NaBu (6.25 mM to 200 mM) at 24, 48, and 72 h. MTT assay was used for assessing the cytotoxicity. Quantitative Real-Time-PCR was performed to investigate the gene expression of miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145.

IC50 values were evaluated by MTT assay. IC50 for HCT-116 was 50 mM, 12.5 mM, and 6.25 mM for 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. According to the Real-Time-PCR results, 50 mM NaBu after 24 h caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of the miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 (P<0.05). In 48 h, incubation, 12.5 mM NaBu caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of the miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 (P<0.05). In treated cells with 6.25 mM NaBu after 72 h of incubation caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of the miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 compared with untreated cells (P<0.05).

The upregulation of miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 expression are mediated by transcriptional regulation and the activation of this miR promoter is modulated by histone acetylation. The employment of NaBu may represent a promising approach for improving HDACi drug-based therapies for colon cancers.

Deciding on capital structure is one of the most challenging and difficult issues faced by companies and the most critical decision regarding their continued survival. The most important factors in the capital structure of companies can be the quality of corporate governance as well as the behavioral factors of managers, because ultimately the management decides on the financing method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of behavioral factors and corporate governance in the capital structure of companies. In order to estimate the research models, the annual data of 188 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2021 and the Generalized Moments Method were used. Also, in order to extract and identify the behavioral variables, a qualitative approach and interview tools with experts have been used. The results related to the role of corporate governance in the capital structure of companies show that the indicators of corporate governance such as; The dual duties of the CEO, the diversity of the board of directors, the independence of the board of directors, the gender of the CEO, the ownership of the board of directors, and the ownership of the CEO and the board of directors have a role in influencing the company's capital structure. On the other hand, the results related to the role of behavioral factors in the capital structure of companies show that behavioral indicators such as; Overconfidence, management ability, managers' personality type, optimism, management tenure, narcissism, conservatism and short-sightedness have a role in influencing the company's capital structure. The efficient market hypothesis, which underlies conventional economic theory, is based on logical assumptions about efficient markets and profit maximization. However, the efficient market hypothesis is often unable to explain the chaotic phenomena observed in financial markets.

Making decisions regarding capital structure is among the most challenging issues ahead for firms and the most critical decisions for their survival. On the other hand, several significant aspects, such as behavioral factors, have been overlooked in this field. Thus, the present study mainly seeks to identify the factors affecting capital structure in Iranian firms, emphasizing the role of behavioral factors. The present study employs mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods. From the qualitative point of view, capital market experts were inquired, and theoretical saturation was achieved using the snowball method. After the interviews, research components were extracted through coding. The opinions of a group of experts and managers of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were used in the quantitative section, and a structural equation form was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis on the research model. A total of 63 concepts in the form of six categories were identified at the first stage, which was reduced to 58 in the form of six categories and was confirmed after the concepts were sent back to the experts. The principal components included behavioral factors, macroeconomic factors, political factors, socio-cultural factors, firm features, and corporate governance. Results were validated through factor analysis in the quantitative portion of the study. The present study can be considered among the comprehensive studies at the construct level with an integrated approach to firms' capital structure. The emergence of behavioral finance resulted from understanding the importance of measuring human behavior as a factor with transcendent consequences for financial decisions. Hence, most behavioral finance studies are focused on observable behaviors. However, the item response theory presents an integrated method for disciplines that work with cognitive variables. Accepting opportunities for new knowledge is essential for firm decisions to respond to the mental views of financial managers. The present study sought to identify the factors influencing firms' capital structure in Iran. The tool used in the present study reflected the elements making up the capital structure. In this regard, the notable point is how the classic criterion of structural capital components can explain financial managers' perception of decision-making. The research results in this area are interesting since we have confirmed a capital structure theory at the construct level. The conformity of the results and the obtained reliability levels indicate that this theory fits the given dimensions well. Moreover, relevant evidence indicates that senior financial managers adopt various states considering internal and external factors at the structural level, which can cause cognitive bias in decision-making.

The aim of this paper is to provide a framework for classifying the performance of venture capital (VC) firms and extracting characteristics that are effective in their success. For this purpose, two key performance indicators were recognized by reviewing previous studies, including: rate of return and the number of successful exits of startups. Using the opinions of 5 experts active in the field of venture capital, the classification framework of the Alcaire-Foster method was set. Out of 35 Iranian venture capital firms, 15 firms participated in this research. Based on the collected information and in the framework of the mentioned method, 4 firms were in the top category, 7 firms were in the middle category and 4 firms were in the less successful category. Factors affecting the success of venture capital, such as reputation, experience, capital size, project stage, field of activity, geographical proximity with start-ups were studied in top and less successful firms. Then, the common characteristics of every VC category were explained by the method of negative center of agreement. The obtained results show that the top VC firms have bigger size of capital. The said firms have invested the most in internet businesses and have allocated a large share of their investment portfolio to activities such as internet stores, education, medicine and information technology; Also, high activity history, large number of investments, and short distance from start-ups were identified as other factors affecting the success of top venture capital firms in Iran.A

Strokes are among the major causes of disabilities worldwide. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in evaluating stroke prognoses.

In this investigation, we studied the association of lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and ESR-CRP ratio (ECR) with 3 months outcomes among those with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

We carried out the present cross-sectional investigation among AIS patients at an academic hospital in northern Iran (from 2019 to 2021). Within 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, laboratory and clinical data of the patients were obtained. We assessed the results using the modified rankin scale (mRS) 90 days after the initial assessment. Statistical significance for comparing descriptive data was determined as P<0.05.

We entered 341 participants (Mean±SD age: 69.10±13.55 years, 53.1% female) into this investigation. Based on univariate analysis, there were poor correlations between NLR (r=0.361, P<0.001), PLR (r=0.215, P<0.05), CRP (r=0.234, P<0.001), LMR (r=-0.184, P<0.05), and ECR (r=-0.191, P<0.05) and a 3-month mRS. Also, after three months, the NLR, PLR, and CRP values were higher in the patients who died, but the LMR (P<0.001) and ECR (P<0.05) were lower. In multivariate comparison, only ECR was independently higher among the participants who died within 3 months (P<0.05).

In this study, ECR within 24 hours of symptoms onset was related to functional outcomes and mortality at 3-month follow-up. Thus, ECR might provide valuable prognostic information at a relatively low cost.

The distribution of income and wealth in Iran is highly dependent on monetary policy. Iran's macroeconomic variables show that the country is experiencing an increase in inflation, liquidity and social inequality. Given that the facility repayment rate plays a role in channeling resources to investments, and given the role of the central bank in determining and regulating this variable in Iran, this study examines the impact of changing the facility repayment rate as a monetary policy tool on macroeconomics variables related to the distribution of income and wealth in society. The contribution of this research is to provide the agent-based model for Iran and to study the effects of different scenarios of decreasing, increasing and constant trend of facility repayment rate on the distribution of income and wealth, and other macroeconomic variables.

Two types of approaches can be used to model this problem: (1) simulation with the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) approach and (2) simulation with the Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE) approach. DSGE models seek to find the optimal point, in which pricing is done through aggregating supply and demand by the Walrasian auctioneer, and none of the factors can decide on their variables. While in ACE simulations, changing process of variables and factors is examined and each factor has the ability to decide about its variables based on its observation of the system. The ACE approach has been used because of the proximity of the simulation to reality and the ability to examine the process. In this simulation, the effect of changing the facility repayment rate on the distribution of income and wealth and other macroeconomic variables is examined in three scenarios: decreasing, increasing and fixed facility repayment rate. Agents that are considered in the proposed simulation are: (1) The Central bank as policy-maker agent that decides about facility repayment rate and money supply volume, (2) The bank is responsible for allocating credit to firms and depositing from households and distributing income from banking activities among depositors. It is also the responsibility of the bank to sell consumer goods and capital of bankrupt companies that have not been able to repay their facilities, (3) Firms are responsible for the production of consumer goods and capital and its sale in the market, and (4) A household that provides its labor force to firms in exchange for wages and provides consumer goods for its livelihood in the consumer goods market. In this simulation, policy-making is done by the central bank and the existence of the government, and fiscal policies are ignored and only the mentioned monetary policy (facility repayment rate) is investigated.In this research, the market is defined in a way that each agent on the demand side observes a random list in terms of number of factors on the supply side and buys from the supplier agent that offers the lowest price. Model have 4 markets as follows:(1) the labor market, (2) consumer goods market, (3) capital goods market, and (4) credit market. The characteristic of this type of market is that the market mechanism is a random adaptation mechanism, and all agents on the demand side have incomplete information from suppliers and vice versa. None of agents see all the market prices and decide to buy only on the basis of incomplete observations of the system. Also, on the supplier side, the firm does not see the cumulative need of the market. It means that the firm estimates the amount of production for this period based solely on its own personal experience in the previous periods, and according to that estimate, it employs labor and produces goods and services. And firms set prices based on their experience on previous periods. This kind of market attitude in simulation has caused the simulated market to be closer to the real world.

The result of this simulation shows that the repayment rate of incremental scenario caused the collapse of the simulation system and also the Gini coefficient increased, which indicates the disparity in the distribution of income and wealth in society. The fixed scenario does not show an effect on improving the Gini coefficient and on the other hand causes the bankruptcy of many firms in the long run. The best result is the reducing scenario. In this scenario, the system achieved sustainable economic growth, controlled liquidity, and a reduction in the Gini coefficient.

In the absence of speculative markets, all the money generated in the banking system is directed to the production and development of economic activities. In addition, decreasing repayment rate of facilities can improve the distribution of income and wealth in society.

Which of the existing science and technology parks in the world are the most suitable options for creating international interaction? This article tries to find the answer to this question for one of the university parks in Iran using the partner selection approach. In order to limit the scope of the evaluation of the existing parks in the world, first, 20 countries that have made up 90% of Iran's foreign trade volume in the past 5 years have been identified, then based on the needs assessment of the firms located in the studied science and technology park that have the capacity and the willingness of international cooperation, the countries under review were ranked from six aspects like as: economic, political, cultural, security, technological and geographical criteria and in 13 sub-criteria using the combined method of The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS . Seven countries with a significant score among 20 countries were selected as samples to evaluate their science and technology parks. 19 well-known parks in these 7 countries were scored and ranked using 12 criteria, from the perspective of people involved in park affairs, and with the combined method of AHP and TOPSIS. As a result of this ranking, the following parks were identified as a higher priority for cooperation: Dubai Silicon Oasis Park, Tsinghua University Science Park in China, Teknopark İstanbul, Sharjah Research, Technology and Innovation Park, Dubai Science Park, Knowledge Oasis Muscat (Madaen).

Premenstrual syndrome has several physical and psychological complications. Since healthy family relationships and normal marital interactions are affected by a woman's physical and mental health, any disorder in this area decreases marital satisfaction and consequently endangers the mental health and survival of the family.

This study aimed to determine the effect of Fordyce happiness training on marital satisfaction and mental health in women with premenstrual syndrome.

This randomized controlled trial was performed in 2018-2019. A total of 40 women with the premenstrual syndrome were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received six sessions of the Fordyce happiness training program at weekly intervals in groups of 10. In both groups, the level of marital satisfaction and mental health was measured by Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues‚ Communication‚ and Happiness (ENRICH) marital satisfaction questionnaire, and the Goldberg Mental Health questionnaire three times: before, immediately after, and 45 days after the training sessions. The Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, independent t test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the obtained data.

The Mean±SD ages of the experimental and control groups were 32.45±7.33 and 33.10±6.25 years, respectively. The mean scores of mental health in the experimental group compared to the control group in the pretest, post-test, and follow-up (43.95±4.38, 41.20±5.73, 40.25±5.88) had a decreasing trend (P<0.05) but the mean scores of marital satisfactions in the experimental group (81.90±7.18, 86.35±8.16, 86.80±7.96, respectively) increased (P<0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the control group. Time significantly affects the mean changes in mental health (P=0.002) and marital satisfaction (P=0.001) in the samples. The time-group effect also shows a significant change for both variables (partial eta-squared for mental health=0.174 and marital satisfaction=0.165); the changes in the mean mental health and marital satisfaction of the research samples over time are different between the experimental and control groups; there are changes in the mean score of the two variables in three time points.

The findings of the present study showed that Fordyce happiness training is effective in improving the level of marital satisfaction and mental health of women with premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that this training program is used to adapt women psychologically to the mood and physical changes of premenstrual syndrome.

Most common financial instruments used in social banks include crowdfunding, microfinance, and social business model (excluding dividends). Therefore, one of the social banks (SB) challenges is inadequate and unstable financial resources. This is an important constraint on pursuing their social missions. This study aims to examine the sustainability of financial resources in a social bank implementing Islamic financial instruments such as Ijarah -to give something on rent- and Mozara’ah contract. Mozara’ah is an agreement between the owner of the land and the farmer. The farmer cultivates the land and the produce is divided between the parties in an agreed with fixed-ratio.

The study compares the sustainability of SB cash flow based on Islamic financial instruments such as Ijarah and Mozara’ah with an SB cash flow based on debt facilities such as microfinance using dynamic system simulation. The simulation is done by Vensim software.

The results show that the process of cash flow in the SBs with Ijarah and Mozara’ah, enjoys an uptrend. Whereas, the cash flow of SBs with Microfinance reflects the fluctuating behavior. Also, results of the simulation model consisting of Ijarah and Mozara’ah show a rate of return of 13 % in the second year and 20% in the sixth year on deposits which is higher than the interest rate of social banks based on microfinance.

According to this research, the SBs using asset-based facilities would be more attractive for depositors in comparison with the SBs using debt-based facilities. So that they can overcome the limitation of access to sustainable financial resources. Therefore, they can be more successful in fulfilling their social mission.

The main objective of this research is to identify the most important liquidity measures and their behavior during the trading day. For this purpose, the intraday data of 7 stocks of the Tehran Stock Exchange have been used to calculate 27 liquidity measures selected from the literature. At the first step, the distribution features and the correlation structure of the liquidity measures are examined. Using the Principal Components Analysis method, these components are identified, and their intraday patterns are extracted. The results show that reducing the number of measures to four final measures that can describe all aspects of liquidity without eliminating helpful information is possible and helps reduce the complexity of studies in this area. Relative Spread with mid quoted prices can be mentioned as the most practical microstructure component affecting liquidity. Based on this measure's intraday pattern, it can be said that this measure is minimized in the middle of the day. Therefore, liquidity is high during these hours, and favorable conditions for trading are provided. In the end, stocks are ranked based on all 27 liquidity measures through two different methods, and the most liquid stock is determined.

This article aims to find out the best outsourcing practice for operational supervision process of participation facility in Maskan Bank. In the preliminary study, it was found that the bank has not achieved the expected outsourcing benefits and has seriously risked losing control over the supervision process and overdependence on the supplier. As a part of this study, the Bank objectivrs of outsourcing were prioritized by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results show that the bank was looking for benefits from outsourcing such as cost reduction, operational efficiency, freeing supervisors time and customer satisfaction. Finally, the four practices including of insourcing (past status), outsourcing to one supplier (current status), outsourcing to several suppliers and outsourcing to affiliate company were pritorized using the AHP method. Based on this analyse, outsourcing to the affiliate company was identified as the most desirable practice for operational supervision process of participation facility in Maskan Bank.

The oil consortium in Iran is one of the most important approaches to implementing the huge projects of the petrochemical industry. But the selection of suitable and expert partners is one of the most common bottlenecks in such cooperation networks. The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical, yet simple, solution for the decision makers to be able to choose the right candidate from the selected candidates. For this purpose, a three-stage model has been designed. In the first stage, the criteria affecting the choice of partner from the perspective of experts and reviewing the literature were first collected and weighed with the help of SWARA method. In the next stage, the ranking of partners (6 domestic and 4 foreign companies) was based on a set of decision-making methods such as COPRAS, VIKORA, SWA, TOPSIS, ARAS, MOORA, and multi-MOORA. The final stage integrated the ranking results based on the Copeland. In the end, financial capability and debt ratio and repayment potential were introduced as the most important criteria and sub-criteria. Also, partner 3 was selected as the best candidate by Copeland. Finally, in order to measure the performance of the integration of results, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used and the results of high test affinity and integration of results were obtained. Therefore, it can be said that the approach used has performed well.

Patients hospitalized in intensive care unit are at risk of aspiration and subsequent complications due to factors such as endotracheal tube, mechanical ventilation, and decreased level of consciousness. Aspiration of gastric residuals to the lung is one of the preventable lesions in patients who are feeding by tube and under mechanical ventilation.This study was conducted to determine the effect of designed care Plan on incidence of aspiration in intubated patients in ICU.

In this clinical trial, the study population included intubated and mechanically ventilated patients who hospitalized in two ICUs of educational hospitals in 2016. Seventy eligible patients were randomly allocated through permuted blocks into two groups of 35 each. A designed care Plan consisting of head of bed elevation, abdominal massage, measurement of gastric residual volumes was implemented for 3 days in the morning and evening in intervention group, while the control group only received routine care. PH-metric process was used to test oral secretions to diagnose aspiration of gastric residuals. Data were analyzed using independent T-test and chi-square by SPSS 15.

Before the intervention, aspiration occurred in all patients in both intervention and control groups. On the second day of study, (7.1%) in intervention group and 92.9% in control group were inflicted by aspiration. During third day of study, 100% of control group suffered from aspiration while aspiration did not occur in any patient of intervention group (p<0.0001).

Implementation of a designed care plan including bed elevation, abdominal massage and gastric residual volume measurement had reduced the incidence of aspiration in intubated patients in the ICU, so planning for regular implementation of these preventive programs should be considered in patient care.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting self-control and its evaluation in the operational supervision system of  participatory contracts. In this study, by combining the Herzberg theory and the belief system, a conceptual model consisting of five stages in the four supervisory levels of the bank is presented. In this research, a survey method is used to measure self-control and investigate the relationships of self-control variables. The results of this study show that each of the health factors, motivational factors and beliefs of the individuals have a direct relationship with self-control for commitment to the organization. Another result of the questionnaires is that the level of self-control among inspectors is highest, followed by the assessors, branch heads and finally the credit officers respectively.

One of the concerns of some Islamic finance specialists is the Sariah compliance of banking services. This is a greater concern about participation contracts which are more complicated especially in terms of profit sharing. Several Islamic finance researchers have suggested solutions to it. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility and the effect of applying these solutions. In fact, we are looking for the answer to this question, which one is the most appropriate solution considering the environmental conditions and operational capability of the banking system of the country. For this purpose, we have used the Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm (SCP). The result of this research shows that the use of incentive mechanisms in the participation contracts among the different suggested solutions is more consistent with existing restrictions.

The main purpose for this study is to find practical terms in venture capital (VC) contracting which investigates entrepreneurial firm's stage of growth. Information asymmetry and conflict of interest causes lots of challenges between VC and entrepreneur and there have been a lot of studies considered them based on agency theory, and suggested controlling and motivation mechanisms to mitigate agency problems. But the factor helps to choose among these mechanisms is firm's growth, because the firms needs, characteristics and so the problems change with growth.
Using grounded theory approach, we tried to find different mechanisms which VCs usually use. Open and axial coding helped to find relation between concepts and categories and it shows that developing the firm, improving entrepreneur's abilities and risks can change the contracting approach. Also context conditions such as market, government's intervention, legal and cultural condition change the contracting approach as well.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the common problems in patients who are under mechanical ventilation and increases the hospitalization duration and treatment expenses. The current study was conducted to determine the impact of a care program on VAP.

This clinical trial was performed on intubated patients who were under mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of teaching hospitals in Zahedan, Iran in 2015. Seventy patients were selected through convenience method and were assigned into two groups of 35 people as the control and intervention groups. The care program was executed for three days in the intervention group. Pneumonia incidence was evaluated by the Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS) both pre- and post-intervention. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and Chi-square test.

Pneumonia did not occur in the intervention group, while VAP occurred in 54% of the patients of the control group. The Chi-square test demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups (P

Preventive interventions might be beneficial in reducing the occurrence of VAP when executed as a regular caring package for the patients. Therefore, these therapies are recommended as a nursing intervention in ICUs.

The aim of this paper is reviewing the priority of Islamic contracts from the banking experts’ point of view. For this reason to simplicity four common contracts (Jo’aalah, installment sales, hire-purchase, and participation) is reviewing in this research. Statistical population in this research is one of the Iranian bank in capital city, Tehran. Due to this fact that there were two experts in each branch (manager and credits responsible), all the experts of statistical population were questioned in addition we referred to two relevant staff authorities of the bank. Overall 22 experts answered the questionnaire. Due to the nature of this research to prioritize Islamic contracts, multi-Attribute decision making model was used. Considered criteria were found throughout reviewing research and experts comments. Based on Delphi model. the relative importance of the criteria were determined by banking experts for calculating the criteria, multi-criteria decision making model, Entropie Shannon, were used. The results of this model show that criteria such as working capitals, projects type, the amount of lending ago, Net present value, time to repay loans, the amount of liquidity , have gotten the greatest weight among all criteria. In the end to prioritize the contracts, Ftopsis method were used.According to this, ranking experts preferred below sequence: participation contract, hire- purchase, installment sales and Jo’aalah. It is obvious that this sequence would be changed with the change in economic conditions, regulation related to contracts and change in banking interest rate.

One of the most challenging steps of venture capital process is contracting between investor and entrepreneur. This challenge is the result of unpredictable future of partnership, difficult valuation of entrepreneur's intangible assets and information asymmetry between participants. So there had been created diverse controlling and incentive methods in deal completion to minimize future challenges. Among Islamic financial contracts (Uqud), Shirkah (Mushaarakah) and Mudhaarabah has the most similarity to venture capital contracts. As choosing a specific framework for contracting, influences interacts between entrepreneur and venture capital, the main purpose of this article is considering these influences for choosing suitable Islamic contract framework, which reduces agency problem. This study shows Shirkah (Mushaarakah) contract can better confront agency problem from the viewpoint of contract termination, guaranteeing in case of loss and time limit of contract.

The aim of this thesis is identifying and modeling the risks of the power plant BOT projects. Main identified risks in this study are project financing risk(equity ratio risk) and the risk of revenue of project. In order to model the risks, we used the Martingale Variance Model (MVM) for the revenue risk and the Triangular distribution function for the equity ratio risk. We applicated the Monte Carlo simulations method for obtaining the probability distribution function and critical values of the decision index (Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Debt Service Coverage Ratio). The one of thermal power plant projects data prepared by MAPNA, has been implemented in this study. The results of the simulation indicate that the risk of negative NPV of project is 13.41 percent and the risk of DSCR lower than 1.2 is 8.65 percent. Therefore, the sponsors suffering more risks than lenders in the studied project.

The question of many financial managers، especially during depression، is that which pattern of financing can bring better financial performance for the firm. This is also a controversial field in literature. For achieving better financial performance، some believe in using more debt in financing because of its tax saving and some believe in using more equity because of less liquidity withdraw. This article is an attempt to make an example of automotive industry to address this issue، so 27-stock companies in a volatile period (1387-1391) or (2008-2012) have been studied. To evaluate the effect of financing on financial measures such as cost per unit of debt، earnings per share and earnings per sale، Pearson''s correlation coefficient is used. To evaluate the test results and the assumptions of each firm and in each recession period، companies on the basis of two criteria، debt-based and equity-based، have been classified. The results show that the studied equity-based firms، due to lower financial costs than the industry average، during the depression have had better financial performance in terms of maintaining liquidity.