parviz dabaghi

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease. Considering that this disease affects a person's appearance, psychological symptoms, such as depression, isolation, and low self-confidence, are very common in these patients. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on psychological symptoms of patients with vitiligo disease.

The present study employed a quasi-experimental design featuring a pre-test, post-test, and unequal control group. The statistical population of the research comprised soldiers and other military personnel with vitiligo who were serving in military centers of the armed forces in Tehran in 2020. The experimental group (n=11) received ACT, and the control group (n=13) did not receive any intervention. The subjects completed the questionnaires before and after the intervention. The analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results indicated that ACT improved depression, quality of life, and acceptance, and reduced experiential avoidance in vitiligo patients. No significant difference was observed in anxiety or mindfulness between the two groups. The effect size indicated that the differences between the groups were moderate.

ACT is an evidence-based treatment for vitiligo patients, and psychologists can use this treatment to improve the quality of life and reduce the psychological symptoms of these patients.

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on pain intensity, anxiety, depression, and quality of life of patients with chronic pain via randomized clinical trials.

The study population consisted of all patients with chronic pain referred to Imam Reza Army Hospital. Of these patients, 50 cases who met the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate in the study were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 25) or control groups (n = 25). After selecting the patients and randomly assigning them to the two groups, the research questionnaires were completed by the patients before and after the treatment. After obtaining a written consent letter from the research participants, the experimental group received MBSR therapy (8 weekly sessions) while the control group did not receive any intervention. The questionnaires included the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) (WHOQOL-BREF), the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the Beck depression inventory-second edition (BDI-II). To comply with the ethical principles, after the end of the study, MBSR therapy was administered to the control group as well. The data were analyzed via analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance in the SPSS software, version 19.

The results of the analysis showed that MBSR therapy reduces pain severity, anxiety, and depression in patients with chronic pain (P < 0.05). The findings also showed that MBSR therapy improves the quality of life of patients with chronic pain (P < 0.05).

Along with the common medications for chronic pain, MBSR therapy can be used to improve the quality of life and reduce the severity of pain, anxiety, and depression in patients with chronic pain.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on emotion regulation and impulsivity control in self-reported soldiers.

In a quasi-experimental research design, 20 soldiers with self-harm symptoms were selected based on available sampling criteria and randomly divided into two experimental groups (10 subjects). And the control group (n = 10). Experimental group received 12 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy intervention in both groups. Participants in both groups were evaluated by Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Garnefsky Cognitive-Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P), and the Self-Behavior Questionnaire Gratz (GISB) in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and SPSS software.

The results showed that group-based dialectical behavior therapy had a positive effect on the modification of emotion regulation strategies in soldiers with a history of self-injury and group dialectic behavior therapy training had a positive effect on reducing impulsivity. It has also been effective on some subscales of emotion regulation and impulsivity of soldiers with a history of self-harm.

The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy has a significant effect on increasing emotion regulation and impulsive control of soldiers with a history of self-harm.

One of the unique features of the Dimensional or Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is considering personality traits in adolescence. There are many studies on the validity and structure of DSM-5’s AMPD in Western culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the AMPD in Iranian adolescents and comparing the psychometric characteristics of the original, short and brief forms of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5).

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 404 adolescents aging 13-18 years old, including 54.4% females, living in Tehran, Iran who were selected via convenience sampling. All participants completed the paper-based forms of the PID-5, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)–Emotional Distress—Anxiety and Depression—Short Forms.

Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient in the original form of PID-5 ranged from 0.81-0.88 (disinhibition and psychoticism, respectively) for five domains. For short form it was between 0.74 and 0.86 (detachment and psychoticism, respectively) and for brief form the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was between 0.67 and 0.76 (negative affectivity and psychoticism, respectively). There were significant correlations between personality traits and the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and impulsivity in all forms of PID-5 (P≤0.05, P≤0.01). Factor analysis confirmed the 5-factor structure of the original, short and brief forms of PID-5.

The original, short, and brief forms of PID-5 showed good reliability and validity. This supports that all three PID-5 forms can be used for various clinical and research purposes. The brief form is mainly suitable for screening, while the original and short forms can be used in investigating abnormal personality traits in adolescents.

Due to the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in veterans, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy as a new treatment with long-term exposure therapy as a recommended and conventional treatment in the treatment of war veterans with chronic PTSD and symptoms of anxiety and depression as comorbidity.

This quasi-experimental study with a control group (waiting for treatment) was performed as a pre-test and post-test with a follow-up of 3 months on 57 veterans referring to some psychiatric wards of military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Seventeen people were randomly assigned to the experimental group 1 (receiving metacognitive therapy), 17 to the experimental group 2 (receiving long-term exposure therapy) and 23 to the control group. Research tolls included, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Index (PCL-M - Military Edition), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II), and a demographic Researcher-made questionnaire.

By considering the matching of the groups, the findings showed that the effectiveness of both interventions on reducing depression and anxiety symptoms was the same. However, there was a significant difference between the groups receiving metacognitive therapy and long-term exposure therapy with the control group in the field of variables, which indicates the effectiveness of both therapeutic interventions on the variables (P=0.001).

The current findings showed that metacognitive therapy can also be considered one of the most effective new therapeutic interventions in the field of chronic PTSD caused by war along with other psychological therapies of PTSD (long-term exposure therapy).

Non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors could strongly predict future suicide attempts. To better understand this behavior and related and mediating factors, this study was conducted to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship of Alexithymia and symptoms of Borderline Personality with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in soldiers.

The study design was descriptive-correlational through structural equation modeling. The sample of the study (n=254) was selected by convenience sampling method among all the army soldiers in Tehran, Iran in 2019. The soldiers completed the scales including the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI), Borderline Personality Scale (STB), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) Short-Form, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire. Data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and the path analysis of structural equation modeling using SPSS-20 and Lisrel-8.80.

The NNSI is significantly correlated with a general score of Alexithymia (p=0.01, r=0.39) and borderline symptoms (p=0.01, r=0.64). However, it has a negative correlation with self-compassion score (p=0.01, r=-0.60). The self-compassion score is also negatively correlated with the general score of Alexithymia (p=0.01, r=-0.41) and borderline symptoms (p=0.01, r=-0.60). Moreover, the results of the path analysis showed that self-compassion acts as a mediator between the relation of NSSI with Alexithymia and borderline symptoms.

Self-compassion could be a protective factor against the negative effects of Alexithymia and borderline symptoms. In other words, the critical Alexithymia and borderline symptoms leading to NNSI behaviors are mediated by self-compassion. Thus, including this protective factor in preventive and therapeutic programs for NNSI in soldiers is highly recommended.

Given the high prevalence of self-mutilation during military service as an important and sometimes stressful period for young people, it is essential to identify the interventions that prevent or reduce this problem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on improving cognitive emotion regulation in the soldiers with self-mutilation attempts.

This study was conducted following a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design in 2019. The participants in this study consisted of 20 soldiers who referred to (505 Army Psychiatric Hospital) and were selected using availability sampling assigned to two groups, the experimental group and the control group awaiting treatment (10 in each group). Participants in the experimental group received 10 sessions of Emotional Schema Therapy for 90 minutes per week, and participants in the control group awaiting treatment did not receive any intervention. The instruments used in this study included Inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS), and a researcher-made demographic information questionnaire.

The mean ages of soldiers in the experimental and control groups were 19.7±1.6 and 19.5±1.7 years old, respectively. All participants were male and single. The results obtained from Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) confirmed the effect of Emotional Schema Therapy on reducing self-mutilation attempts (75%) and increased cognitive emotion regulation (76-89 percent) in soldiers (P<0.01).

According to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that Emotional Schema Therapy was effective and psychologists in military counseling centers after completing the necessary training courses, use the emotional schema therapy approach to treat and reduce self-mutilation attempts in soldiers.

Screening for personality disorders through reliable instruments is of high importance for clinical and preventive purposes. Examining the psychometric properties of measures in societies with diverse cultures can improve their external validity. This research is specifically aimed to studying psychometric properties of the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI‑BPD) in a sample of Iranian men serving military service.

The Persian version of the MSI‑BPD was prepared through forwarding translation, reconciliation, and back‑translation. A sample of 254 soldiers was selected through the convenience sampling method in Tehran and completed a set of questionnaires, including the MSI‑BPD, The Deliberate Self‑harm Inventory (DSHI), Borderline Personality Scale (STB), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and Self‑Compassion Scale (SCS) Short‑Form. The construct validity of the MSI‑BPD was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and divergent and convergent validity. Internal Consistency and test‑retest reliability (2 weeks’interval) were used to evaluate the reliability. Data analysis was conducted using LISREL (version 8.8) and SSPS (version 22) software.

MSI‑BPD and its subscales were found to be valid and reliable measures, with good internal consistency and good test‑retest reliability among soldiers. In terms of convergent validity, MSI‑BPD and subscales showed a significant positive correlation with self‑report measures of DSHI and STB. MSI‑BPD and subscales showed negative correlation with SCS Short‑Form and CFI, thus demonstrated a good divergent validity. The results of this study also provide support for both one‑factor and two‑factor models of the MSI‑BPD.

The MSI‑BPD showed good validity and reliability, making it a useful measure to Screening borderline personality disorder in the Iranian population. Screening offers a means of identifying persons for more detailed evaluation for early intervention and for research. The MSI‑BPD is an efficient instrument suitable for screening purposes among soldiers.

Toxoplasmosis, with worldwide distribution, may have tissue cyst in a different organ such the brain. The mental disorder associated with toxoplasmosis among soldiers has been poorly studied.

The purpose of this study was to investigate mental disorders among soldiers with chronic toxoplasmosis.

A total of 239 soldier’s blood samples from one of the garrison in Tehran, Iran, were collected and sera were detected for IgG against T. gondii using the ELISA technique.

Of all examined, sera 69 (28.87%) were positive, who were interpreted as the chronic toxoplasmosis. There was no significant association between mental disorders and chronic toxoplasmosis. The positive chronic toxoplasmosis was significantly higher in the consumption of unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat, and juicy and soil-related occupations.

It seems that the immune system may control the parasite completely and prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis was high in the region.

Among personality disorders, borderline personality disorder is one of the severe and serious psychiatric disorders, and one of the most effective psychological treatments to improve its symptoms is third-wave psychotherapies. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review focused on the effect of third wave psychotherapies on borderline personality disorder.

In this systematic review, a search of clinical trials articles was done in Persian and English using the keywords "Borderline Personality Disorder", "Dialectical Behavior Therapy", "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy " and "Schema Therapy".

Totally, twelve full-text articles were reviewed. After searching, screening, and evaluation, the results showed that all studies in general (overall score) had reported a positive effect of third wave interventions on improving borderline personality disorder, yet there were differences in some symptoms (such as anger, paranoid beliefs, absurdity, interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, etc.). The findings also showed that this therapy was effective for specific groups, including addicts and prisoners, but such usefulness was different in each group.

In summary, studies were conducted on different individuals, small sample size, and different cultural contexts. According to these findings, the third-wave therapeutic interventions were effective in improving symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Further studies, however, are required in order to investigating its effects on some symptoms.

AIDS is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases which is spreading among adolescents and young people. Soldiers and military staff are among the target groups in national AIDS prevention program. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of AIDS prevention education program to reduce the risk factors of this disease with a community-based approach.

This was a quasi-experimental study designed with pre-test and post-test that were conducted in two the military barracks in Khorasan Razavi Province (east of Iran) in 2018. Study samples were selected from two military garrisons as available sampling and based on the list and number of soldiers and guards in each garrison. For each intervention and control group, at least 150 samples were calculated. The International AIDS and Life Skills Questionnaires were used. Based on a community-based approach (Educational needs and the use of key forces of the military barrack), educational contents were provided. In total, seven educational sessions were held in the intervention group, including six educational sessions for soldiers and military staffs (one hour in two weeks) and one educational session for military barrack training authorities. Post-test was performed three months after the final educational session.

The two groups were matched for age (P>0.05). The variables of transmission myths, attitudes and awareness about AIDS (P=0.001) and the variables of decision making, interpersonal relationships and creative and critical thinking relating life skills (P=0.001) were significantly increased after intervention. Personal risk perception variables relating AIDS (P=0.630) and problem solving variable (P=0.594) did not change significantly after intervention.

The results of this study revealed that using a life-skills educational program with a community-based approach can reduce the risk factors for AIDS in soldiers and military staffs. Thus it is recommended to include life skills education in training program of military barracks as a necessary approach for reducing the risk factors for AIDS in soldiers and military staff.

Job burnout can reduce job performance. The present study aimed to investigate the job burnout syndrome and its effective factors among military personnel. In this cross-sectional study, 930 military personnel from different areas were selected via cluster sampling. For data collection, the job burnout questionnaire and the job description index were used. The findings showed that 33.8 percent of the personnel were at a low level, 46.5 at a moderate level, and 19.7 percent at an intense level of emotional exhaustion. Considering depersonalization dimension, 51.7 percent were at low level, 37.7 at the moderate level, and 10.5 percent at an intense level. Finally, regarding the lack of personal accomplishment, 47.8 percent were at low level, 31.1 at the moderate level, and 21.1 percent at an intense level. The results of MANOVA showed a significant difference with respect to job burnout among the personnel based on demographic characteristics. Finally, the results revealed a significant relationship between job description index, job burnout, and its components. Accordingly, managers and authorities are suggested to pay more attention to the effective factors influencing job burnout among military personnel.

The Personality Inventory for DSM–5 (PID–5) was created to aid a trait-based diagnostic system for personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM–5]). Given the need for access to reliable diagnostic instruments of mental disorders in Persian language for military personnel, the present study was designed to translate and determine the reliability and internal consistency of the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition (PID-5) instrument in soldiers.
This study had a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 401 Iranian army soldiers. PID-5 was translated via forward and backward translation method (English-Persian). Soldiers then completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS-16.
Total Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Traits and Domains was 0.93 and 0.88, respectively. The range of obtained Cronbach's alpha for 24 facets were 0.60 to 0.82. which is considered acceptable and the lowest alpha was observed for suspiciousness (0.50). The range of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Domains was 0.71 (Antagonism) to 0.84 (Psychoticism).
The Persian version of PID-5 instrument had good reliability and internal consistency for the evaluation of personality traits. PID-5 may be used with confidence in the research and diagnosis of personality traits in the military setting.

Several studies have shown that Attentional Bias plays a role in the beginning, persistence and relapse of Substance Abuse Disorder. Therefore, identifying the factors related to Attentional Bias in Substance Abusers is important. In so doing, the present study was aimed at examining the relationship between attentional bias, Anxiety Sensitivity and Metacognitive Beliefs in Substance Abusers with an emphasis on mediating effects of Emotion Regulation Strategies.
The present study is fundamental in terms of the objective and descriptive regarding data collection which was conducted within the framework of a correlation study. The statistical universe comprised a group of soldiers in Tehran who were considered as Substance Abusers and had been referred to Addiction Treatment Centers of Baharestan County. Among the statistical universe, 120 participants were selected by non-random purposive sampling. Finally, Anxiety Sensitivity, Metacognitive Beliefs, Emotional Regulation Strategies and the Stroop test questionnaires were conducted on the sample. For sorting, processing and analysis of data and the evaluation of the research hypothesis, we used the SPSS and LISREL. To examine the relationship between variables, the Pearson correlation and path analysis were used.
Pearson correlation results indicated that Anxiety Sensitivity, Metacognitive Beliefs, Suppression, and Reappraisal have a significant relationship with the Attentional Bias.The results of the path analysis revealed that the direct effect of Anxiety Sensitivity and Metacognitive Beliefs on the Attentional Bias is not significant, but these structures may have an effect on the Attentional Bias only through the mediator variables (Suppression and Reappraisal).
An individual resorts to metacognitive beliefs to get rid of the negative emotions caused by high Anxiety Sensitivitybut these emotions get intensified in this process and the individual in the long term experiences Substance Abuse through avoidance strategies such as Suppression.Therefore, whenthe personexperiences negative emotions, he will have an Attentional Bias toward liberating signs of Substance Abuse inside and outside.

Due to increase of elderly people in the world and the fact that most of them are disabled، require special consideration and prefer to be cared after at home، paying attention to the caregivers and reducing their stress seems necessary. This study is aimed to assess the effect of stress management on improving of the quality of life of family caregivers. This research is a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest. The participants were 33 family caregivers that have been selected and randomly divided into two groups as experimental and control. The experimental group participated 10 sessions of 3 hour stress management classes weekly. SF36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. The collected data were evaluated by covariance (ANOVA) and were analyzed by SPSS software. Results of the study showed experimental group scores significant increase in comparison with control group (P < 0. 05) in all sub-scales (body pain، general health perceptions، emotional role functioning، social role functioning، mental health) except physical functioning & physical role functioning). Subsequently the results indicated that stress management is considered as an important part of the treatment.