فهرست مطالب parviz savrai

Public interest in cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, has increased recently and the global crypto market continues to thrive. Cryptocurrencies are often portrayed as a major challenger to the current financial system, promising security, speed, transparency, increased financial transactions and creating a fairer economy, preserving privacy and eliminating administrative formalities. Assuming that we accept all these points but the crypto world does not always have positive aspects. Governments, regulatory agencies, central banks, and other financial institutions are struggling to consider the prospect of decentralized cryptocurrencies in terms of the legal, economic, and technical challenges they pose but there are still important and various challenges, including the problem of determining the competent court and the governing law, violation of mandatory regulations, tax evasion, committing crimes and disruption of the economic order, that require legal serious consideration. In this article, we discuss the most important legal, economic and technical challenges of crypto problems that lawyers, economists, software experts and investors should be aware of.

Proper implementation of the law in order to establish justice is the concern of all legal systems and requires some changes in the course of procedure. Some changes, due to the increasing progress of new communication methods, in addition to providing a safe communication mainline between judicial authorities and judicial officers, will play a notable role in documentations recording and maintaining confidentiality of documents. Therefore, the encounter of the judiciary with electronic communications and the need to prepare the executive arrangements for this process of cooperation with the cooperation of e-service providers, both public and private, seems to be inevitable and essential. The Legislator, by enacting Article 175 and Section 9 of 2013 Criminal Procedure Code, prescribed the Electronic Procedure for the first time. In recent decade, the Judiciary has made its efforts paving the way and securing the necessary infrastructure by issuing numerous bylaws including the Bylaw on the Way to Use Computer and Telecommunication Systems. At the time, many of the procedure-related affairs are conducted electronically and the Judiciary’s Center for Statics and Information Technology and Information Center supervising subsidiary judicial offices is responsible for it. By exact investigation of the functioning of bodies responsible for electronic procedure, analyzing existing laws through examination of the infrastructure needed to create a system for e-proceedings, and identifying some problems including non-obligatoriness of using this type of procedure, the necessity to change the way for notification and electronic holding of proceedings inspired by French laws and providing appropriate solutions including the need to develop regulations and related instructions are among the goals of this article.

The different names of internet’s domain are easy obtainable shapes of internet ddresses and usually will be used to find the web sites. The Domain Name System (DNS) is an international address system and is a unique guidance to locate addresses in the virtual world. In today’s world, which tendency is to eliminate or limit traditional communication methods, responding to legal issues related to domain names, for example disputes related to registration or usage with bad faith of domain names similar or equal to other’s trademarks, is inevitable.  The main question is, what are the limits of relevant legal laws, in our existed rules and regulations for domain registration contract or transfer of it? In this regarded s of course the regulations of transnational, and following intern network, and finally the legal centre of domain name should be considered. On the top of the issues of related applicable rules, if there are needs to govern new rules then, what are the structure of those rules could be? This thesis is trying to focus on domain name subjects and answer to related questions which are due to lake of relevant laws and procedural rules are faced with ambiguities the results of this research about legal nature of the domain name approved that the domain name actually is on of the types of intellectual properties considering the following notes: - The function of domain name is purely used in cyberspace. - The main goal of users in first step is to have access to their desired information networks in order to receive political social, cultural, economical, commercial, and trade information for their different purposes. - The judgement from judicial authority could be enforced for registration of domain name or cancellation and transfer of it, subject to not exported out conflict judgment from international arbitration centres. - The owner of domain name, subject to observe rules and regulation, should be supported by laws.