qasem ahi

The purpose of the present study was to study the mediating role of the transdiagnostic factors in the relationship between stressful events and panic disorders.. The present study was conducted through the casual non-experimental method. The students of the public universities in Tehran affiliated with the Ministry of Science and Technology was research population.This research conducted in 2020. The number of 700 students were selected by a convenience sampling method. To gather the data the Severity Measure for Panic Disorder of APA (2013), Freestone et al.’s distress intolerance scale (1994), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij (2006), the Acceptance and Action questionnaire of Bond et al. (2011), Paykel‘s stressful life events (1971) and Cartwright-Hatton and Wells’s Meta-Cognitive Beliefs Questionnaire Wales and Carteret-Hawton (2004). The analyzing the data was done using the Amos software and the structural equation modeling. The results showed that the indirect effect of stress events on the symptoms of panic disorder is significant by mediating role of transdiagnostic factors (p<0.05). According to the findings obtained from the data analysis, it can be said that transdiagnostic factors has a mediating role in the relationship between stressful events and panic disorder. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to transdiagnostic factors in the treatment of patients suffering from panic disorder.

Negative symptoms result in a significant burden of illness and reduced quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia; therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive biases and difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between personality and character with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. This study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all people with schizophrenia hospitalized in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in 2023-2024, of which 200 people were selected as the research sample using a convenience method. The data collection tools included the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Short Form of the Big Five Personality Factors Questionnaire, Short Version of the Temperament and Character Questionnaire, Cognitive Bias Assessment Scale and Short Form of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation. SPSS, and LISREL software were used for data analysis, as well as Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling. The results showed that cognitive biases and difficulty in emotion regulation have a mediating role in the relationship between personality (neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness) and character (self-direction, cooperation and self-transcendence) with negative symptoms of schizophrenia (CFI=1, NNFI=0.99, IFI=1, GFI=0.99, RMSEA=0.049). Individuals with schizophrenia with personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and character (self-direction and cooperation) experience negative symptoms due to cognitive biases and difficulty in emotion regulation. Therefore, training in emotion regulation skills and reducing cognitive biases may be an important initial component of the challenging task of treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between traumatic life events and character with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The research method was quantitative, fundamental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational. The statistical population included all people with schizophrenia hospitalized in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in 2023-2024, of which 200 people were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection tools included the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Trauma History Questionnaire, and the Short Form of Difficulty in Emotion Regulation. SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data, as well as Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. The direct coefficient analysis showed that the relationship between traumatic life events and difficulty in emotion regulation with negative symptoms of schizophrenia was significant. Another finding of the study showed that the direct effect of traumatic life events and character on difficulty in emotion regulation was significant. Indirect coefficients indicated that the indirect effect of traumatic life events and character on negative symptoms of schizophrenia was significant with the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation. Finally, the present study's model had a favorable fit (CFI=0.97, NFI=0.95, IFI=0.97, GFI=0.97, RMSEA=0.071). Therefore, emotion regulation training can be considered an important approach to treating the challenging task of schizophrenia's negative symptoms.

 The aim of this study is to qualitatively analyze the consequences of online extramarital relationships from the perspective of men.

 This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, employing content analysis. Based on the principle of theoretical saturation, twelve men participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and MAXQDA software was used for coding and categorizing the data.

 The consequences of online extramarital relationships among men can be classified into two main categories and five subcategories. The results indicate that hiding the relationship while maintaining marital life, public disclosure, divorce, and separation are among the consequences of online extramarital relationships from the men's perspective.

 In conclusion, this study highlights the complex dynamics of online infidelity among men in Mashhad, Iran, revealing key themes such as relationship concealment, marital dissatisfaction, and the impact on trust and family stability. The findings underscore the importance of understanding cultural and individual factors in the context of extramarital relationships and provide a foundation for future research on the psychological and relational consequences of online infidelity.

University students are a vulnerable group mental health problems. The aim of this study to design, develop and validate a training self-esteem by McKay and Fanning and its effectiveness on emotional repression in students

The present research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, cognitive techniques of McKay and Fanning (2016), self-esteem sessions were developed. Then, 8 psychology experts determined the content validity of the sessions. In the second stage, a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-testand with a control group and follow-up 2 months was used. The statistical population was female students at Hadith College of Tehran City in the winter of 2024 and was evaluated by twostage sampling. In the first stage, screening was done based on subjective sampling. In the second stage, based on the simple random method, 30 people were selected from among female students with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study and were randomly replaced in an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The self-esteem sessions were administered to the experimental group for 16 sessions, and after 2 months, was followed up. The self-esteem sessions was administered to the experimental group for 16 sessions, and after 2 month, was followed up. Data was collected using Weinberger adjustment inventory short form (WAI-SF) of Weinberger & Schwartz (1990). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-28 software with analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni.

The results indicated that self-esteem sessions have acceptable content validity. Furthermore, the results of training intervention showed that tarning self-esteem significantly reduced the distress (F=18.306 and p-value =0.001), inhibition (F=0.46 and p-value=0.001), defensiveness (F=11.89 and p-value =0.001) and total score emotional repression (F=93.90 and p-value =0.001) and this effect was significant in the follow-up phase.

Tarning self-esteem can be considered as a valid and effective program for reduced the symptoms of emotional repression by university counseling centers and psychological services for female students.

Research has increasingly shown a relation between childhood maltreatment and the dysregulated behaviors observed in individuals, yet the mediating factors in this relationship have received little attention. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to explore the role of cognitive processes as mediators in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the dysregulated behaviors of individuals with bipolar disorder.

This study employed a descriptive and correlational research design. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with bipolar disorder who were hospitalized at Razi Psychiatric Hospital during the years 2023-2024. A total of two hundred individuals were selected for the research sample using convenience sampling. Data collection tools included the following: the Binge Eating Severity Scale (Gormally et al., 1982), the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz, 2001), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Saunders et al., 1989), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale- Short Form (Kaufman et al., 2016), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011), and the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and LISREL software, employing Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling techniques.

The study's results indicated that cognitive processes—including cognitive ability, self-criticism, experiential avoidance, and difficulties in emotion regulation—play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and dysregulated behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, binge eating, and non-suicidal self-injury, in individuals with bipolar disorder. The statistical fit of the model was strong, with the following indices: CFI= 0.96, NNFI= 0.95, IFI= 0.96, GFI= 0.92, and RMSEA= 0.072.

People with bipolar disorder who experienced childhood maltreatment often exhibit dysregulated behaviors due to cognitive processes. Therefore, clinical interventions focusing on cognitive processes are essential in preventing maladaptive behaviors in this population.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the cognitive abilities and social adjustment of students. The research method was descriptive-correlation of structural modeling type. The statistical population included the students of the Gorgan unit of Azad University in the academic year 2022-2023, and 384 people were selected as the sample size by random cluster sampling. The research tools included the Social Adjustment Questionnaire (SAQ) by Sohrabi and Samani (2013), the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (CAQ) by Nejati (2013), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-10) by Schwatzer and Jerusalem (1991). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed a significant direct effect of cognitive abilities on self-efficacy (P=0.004) and self-efficacy on social adjustment (P=0.01), but the direct effect of cognitive abilities on social adjustment was not significant (P<0.05). Also, the results indicated the indirect effect of cognitive abilities on social adjustment with the mediation of self-efficacy (P=0.007). These results show that self-efficacy can explain the social adjustment of students according to the role of cognitive abilities.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence training and cognitive regulation of emotion on the academic self-disability of adolescent students. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all 2195 teenage female students of the 10th grade of Birjand City who studied in the academic year 2021-2022. According to Cohen's table, 25 people were selected for each group, and 75 people were selected using available sampling and then assigned to two experimental groups (spiritual intelligence training and cognitive emotion regulation training) and control using a simple random method. Two experimental groups received intervention based on spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation training, both of which were arranged in eight 90-minute sessions. The academic self-handicapping scale of Jones and Rudwalt (1982, SHS) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the average of the post-test of academic self-handicapping in the three groups at the level of 0.05. In addition, there was a significant difference at the 0.05 level between the average of the two experimental groups in academic self-handicapping. From the above findings, it can be concluded that the use of spiritual intelligence training is more effective in reducing academic self-handicapping.

<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Introduction</span></span></span>: The unexpected and unprecedented crisis of the Covid-19 epidemic and little information about how this epidemic can affect the mental health of medical and nursing students has made it necessary to investigate the variables of the mental health of this group.</span></span></span> This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of covid-19 contagion and the mental health of medical students.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Methods</span></span></span>: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical society of the study was made up of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of 436 students who were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaire of fear of covid-19 contagion, emotional self-efficacy scale and mental health questionnaire.</span></span></span> Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and with the help of SPSS version 24 and LISREL 8.8 statistical software.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Results</span></span></span>: The findings showed that the direct path of fear of covid-19 contagion to emotional self-efficacy was negative and significant (p< 0.01) and to mental health was positive and significant (p< 0.05).</span></span></span> The direct path of emotional self-efficacy to mental health was negative and significant (p< 0.01).</span> In addition, it was found that the indirect relationship between fear of covid-19 contagion and mental health in medical students is mediated by emotional self-efficacy (GFI= 0.97, CFI= 0.99, IFI= 0.98, NNFI= 0.98, RMSEA= 0.039).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Conclusion</span></span></span>: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the effect of fear of covid-19 contagion on the mental health in medical students is moderated by emotional self-efficacy.</span></span></span> The findings have practical applications in the field of education of medical students during epidemic periods.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span>

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between traumatic life events and character with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

The research employed a quantitative, fundamental, cross-sectional, and descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who were hospitalized at Razi Psychiatric Hospital in 2023–2024, from whom 200 participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection tools included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), and the short form of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software, as well as Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM).

The analysis of direct path coefficients indicated that the relationship between traumatic life events and difficulty in emotion regulation with negative symptoms of schizophrenia was significant. Another finding demonstrated that the direct effect of traumatic life events and character on difficulty in emotion regulation was also significant. Furthermore, the analysis of indirect path coefficients revealed that the indirect effect of traumatic life events and character on negative symptoms of schizophrenia, mediated by difficulty in emotion regulation, was statistically significant. Finally, the proposed research model demonstrated a good fit (CFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.95, IFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.071).

Therefore, emotion regulation training can be considered an essential approach in addressing the challenging treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

comparing the effect of psychological approaches in different fields, especially students' problems, is one of the topics of interest to researchers. The purpose of this research is to compare effectiveness of teaching techniques based on Eric Berne's Transactional analysis and narrative-therapeutic approach on reducing the impulsivity of abusive male students in Zahedan.

Methods and Materials: 

The design of the descriptive research was causal-comparative, in order to investigate the hypotheses of the research, 45 badly behaved students who referred to the Omid Zahedan clinic were studied, the training package of techniques based on the narrative-therapeutic approach and Erik's exchange analysis. They were trained and subjected to impulsivity test and the results were analyzed using SPSS software using multivariate analysis of variance.

The results of the research showed that teaching techniques based on the narrative therapy approach is effective in reducing the impulsivity of mistreated students in Zahedan city, and also teaching techniques based on the exchange analysis approach is effective in reducing the impulsivity of mistreated students in Zahedan city (P<0.05).

According to the results of the research, it can be said that the impulsivity of poorly supervised students has been significantly reduced by teaching techniques based on Eric Burn's narrative-therapeutic approach and exchange analysis

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic child therapy with and without maternal acceptance and commitment intervention on anxiety and depression in anxious children and obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19 in mothers with corona anxiety.

Methods and Materials: 

The method of this research was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test (two experimental groups and one control group) along with a two-month follow-up period. The population included all anxious elementary school students in the second half of the year 2021-2022 in districts 1 and 2 of Sari city whose mothers also had corona anxiety. Transdiagnostic child-parent centered intervention combined with acceptance and commitment therapy for the parent was applied in the first group, and transdiagnostic child-parent centered intervention without acceptance and commitment therapy for the parent in the second experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Sixty participants were selected through purposive sampling. They were then randomly assigned into 3 groups (Group 1; transdiagnostic child-parent centered intervention with parental acceptance and commitment intervention (20 participants), Group 2; transdiagnostic child-centered intervention without parental acceptance and commitment intervention (20 participants), and Group 3; as the control group (20 participants)). For data collection, depression and anxiety questionnaires were used for children, and a practical obsessive-compulsive questionnaire with COVID-19 was used for mothers. For the implementation of interventions, Ehrenreich-May et al.'s (2019) transdiagnostic intervention (12 90-minute group sessions twice a week), and Eifert et al.'s (2017) acceptance and commitment therapy (12 90-minute group sessions twice a week) were utilized. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software, version 26 was used.

The results of the repeated measures ANOVA regarding the children showed that the effectiveness of transdiagnostic child therapy combined with maternal acceptance and commitment intervention was significantly greater than transdiagnostic child therapy without acceptance and commitment intervention for the mother, in terms of anxiety and depression. Although anxiety and depression decreased in both experimental groups and were stable over time. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA regarding mothers showed that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of transdiagnostic child therapy combined with maternal acceptance and commitment intervention with transdiagnostic child therapy without acceptance and commitment intervention for the mother regarding obsessive thoughts, although both interventions showed significant effectiveness over time.

Therefore, it is recommended that therapists and counselors use this treatment in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions to improve the interaction between children and parents.

Considering the importance of resilience and emotional regulation as effective psychological components in cancer, psychological interventions to improve these structures is a fundamental necessity.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of narrative therapy on resilience and emotional regulation of people with cancer with low psychological toughness.

The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all cancer patients referred to Tehran hospitals in 2022. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly replaced in two treatment groups and the control group. Connor and Davidson's resilience scale and Garnefski and Kraaij emotional cognitive regulation were used. The data were analyzed through Mancova and SPSS-20 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the narrative therapy group and the control group in the post-test stage of resilience and cognitive emotional regulation.

According to the findings of this research, online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an effective method to improve resilience and emotional regulation of cancer patients, and in this context, online narrative therapy can be more efficient.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of parent-focused transdiagnostic child treatment with and without maternal acceptance and commitment intervention on mindful attention indices and psychological syndromes in mothers with corona anxiety.

Methods and Materials:

 This quasi-experimental research employed a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group, accompanied by a two-month follow-up period. The population consisted of all anxious second-grade primary school students during the second half of the year 2021-2022 in Districts 1 and 2 of Sari city, whose mothers also had corona anxiety. The transdiagnostic parent-child centered intervention combined with acceptance and commitment therapy for the parent was applied in the first experimental group, while the transdiagnostic parent-child centered intervention without acceptance and commitment therapy for the parent was applied in the second experimental group, and the control group received no intervention. Sixty participants were selected through purposive sampling and then randomly assigned into three groups (Group 1: transdiagnostic parent-child centered intervention with parent acceptance and commitment intervention (20 participants), Group 2: transdiagnostic child-centered intervention without parent acceptance and commitment intervention (20 participants), and Group 3: control group (20 participants)). Data collection for children utilized mindfulness questionnaires, and for mothers, psychological syndrome questionnaires including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were used. For implementing the interventions, Ehrenreich-May et al.'s (2019) transdiagnostic intervention (12 90-minute group sessions twice a week) and Eifert et al.'s (2017) acceptance and commitment therapy (12 90-minute group sessions twice a week) were employed. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software, version 26.

The results of the repeated measures ANOVA for children showed that the effectiveness of the transdiagnostic child treatment combined with maternal acceptance and commitment intervention was significantly greater in terms of mindful attention indices than the transdiagnostic child treatment without maternal acceptance and commitment intervention. The results for mothers indicated no significant difference in the effectiveness of the transdiagnostic child treatment with versus without maternal acceptance and commitment intervention regarding psychological syndromes (anxiety, stress, depression, and spirituality; gratitude towards God) and COVID-19 psychological syndromes (obsessive thoughts, quality of life during the corona period, except for corona distress), although both interventions showed significant effectiveness over time.

Therefore, it is recommended that therapists and counselors use this treatment alongside other therapeutic interventions to improve child-parent interactions.

The present study aimed to comparison the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of women with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The present research method was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to the counseling centers of Mashhad in 2023-2024. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The participants were evaluated using the emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) and distress tolerance scale in the pretest, posttest and follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software and using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of and analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in emotion regulation and distress tolerance (P<0.05). Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy has led to improved emotion regulation and increased distress tolerance. Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness is more effective than schema therapy in improving emotion regulation.</div>

Nurses often face many challenges in life which negatively affect their well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-transcendence in the relationship between psychological vulnerability with work-related wellbeing nurses in Birjand.

The present study was a descriptive correlation with the structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included all public hospital nurses in Birjand in 1399 (N=795). The research sample included 440 that was done by available method. Data collection tools included Psychological Vulnerability scale, the subscale Self-transcendence and Character Questionnaire and  workrelated Well-being scale.The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling and SPSS22 and LISREL 8.8 software.

The results showed that the direct path of psychological vulnerability to spiritual acceptance,  creative self forgetfulness and transpersonal identification was negative and significant (p<0.01). The direct path of self forgetfulness, transpersonal identification and spiritual acceptance to work-related wellbeing was positive and significant(p<0.01), also the indirect path psychological vulnerability to work-related wellbeing through spiritual acceptance, self forgetfulness and transpersonal  identification was significant (p<0.01). 

The findings of the study indicate that self-transcendence can play a significant indirect role in reducing the negative effects of psychological vulnerability on the work-related well-being of nurses. Therefore, by using the self-care training program based on the theory of self-transcendence, it is possible to improve the three dimensions of self-transcendence of nurses and increase their work well-being and reduce their psychological vulnerability.

In some countries, cancer is considered the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. In Iran, cancer is the third cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents. It can be said that cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that has negative physical and psychological effects on patients.

The current research was semi-experimental and pre-test and post-test with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study included all cancer patients referred to Tehran hospitals in 1401. The sample consisted of 45 patients who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in three groups of online narrative-therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and control group. Connor and Davidson's resilience scale and Granfsky's and Kraij's cognitive-emotional order-seeking scale were used. The data were analyzed through MANCOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS-20 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the online narrative-therapy group and the cognitive-behavioral group with the control group in the post-test phase of resilience and cognitive emotional regulation. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral group in the resilience scale, and online narrative therapy is more effective, but there was no significant difference between online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral group in cognitive emotional regulation. .

According to the findings of this research, online narrative therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as an effective method in improving the resilience and emotional regulation of cancer patients, and in this context, narrative Online therapy can be more efficient.

The Covid-19 epidemic has had many effects on the people's lives, especially medical students. However, little is known about the effects of this pandemic on medical students' learning, stress, and academic burnout. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of Covid-19 contagion and the academic burnout of medical students.

Methods and Materials: 

The research population of this study was consisted of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample was consisted of 436 students who were selected by available sampling method and completed the fear of contagion questionnaire, academic self-efficacy scale and Maslach burnout inventory–student survey. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling.

The findings showed that direct effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion on academic burnout was significant, but its effect on academic burnout was not significant. The direct effect of academic self-efficacy on academic burnout was significant. Also, indirect effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion with the mediation of academic self-efficacy on is significant.

The results suggest that academic self-efficacy can play an important role in increasing the effects fear of contagion epidemic diseases such as Covid-19 on academic burnout. The findings of this research can help to design or use of trainings based on self-efficacy during epidemic periods to reduce academic burnout of medical students.

 Cancer is among the diseases that can cause various psychological issues for its sufferers, necessitating the discovery of effective methods to assist these individuals. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on mental health and adherence to treatment in cancer patients with low psychological hardiness.

Methods and Materials: 

This was a quasi-experimental study conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The study population comprised all cancer patients attending hospitals in Tehran in 2022. The sample consisted of 45 patients selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: online narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and a control group. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg and Hiller (1972) and the Treatment Adherence Scale by Madanloo (2018). Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests with SPSS software version 22.

 Results indicated significant differences between the online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy groups in terms of general health dimensions (physical health, anxiety, and social functioning disturbance) (P<0.01), with online narrative therapy showing greater effectiveness in these dimensions. However, no significant difference was found in treatment adherence between the online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy groups.

 According to the findings of this study, both narrative and cognitive-behavioral therapies can be effective methods for improving mental health and treatment adherence in cancer patients. In this context, online narrative therapy may be more efficient.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy on mental rumination and social anxiety of women with practical obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The current research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to the counseling centers of Mashhad in 1402, based on the entry and exit criteria, 48 people were selected as a sample using the purposeful-available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups. and a control group were assigned. Subjects were evaluated using Hoeksma and Maro (1991) rumination questionnaires and Wells' (1994) social anxiety questionnaires in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the difference Significance between intervention groups with control in mental rumination and social anxiety of women with obsessive compulsive symptoms, the presence of medication, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy has led to the reduction of mental rumination and social anxiety. Also, schema therapy is more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in mental rumination.

One of the most common psychological disorders among children, adolescents and adults, is anxiety disorders. These disorders include a complex of disorders that their common features are fear, anxiety, and behavioral distress. Various causes and factors are involved in appearance of the disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of transdiagnostic factors in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was non-experimental causal. The statistical population was all students of public universities of science and technology ministry in Tehran. Among them 700 students were selected by convenience sampling. And the data were gathered through internet-based questionnaires. The instruments included generalized anxiety scale (short-form) (2006), Freeston’s intolerance of ‎uncertainty (1994), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (short-form) (2006), acceptance and action questionnaire (2011), life events scale (1971), and meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire. To analyze the data structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through Amos software version 26.

The results showed that the indirect effect of stressful events on generalized anxiety disorder by mediating role of transdiagnostic factors is significant (p<0.05). The estimates of the findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty has equal coefficients in mediating of stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05). Also, results revealed that compatible and incompatible emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, and metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic factors have significant role in mediating in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05).

Regarding the obtained findings based on analyzing data, it can be mentioned that transdiagnostic factors has a mediating role between stressful events and generalized anxiety. Therefore, it is highly important to pay attention to transdiagnostic factors in treatment of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of the research investigate the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization in the relationship between object relations and non-suicidal self-injury of students. This research was a fundamental and descriptive correlation study. The statistical population consisted of all students of the Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch in 2022, among them 451 were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants answered the test of object relations-short form (TOR-SF; Barberis et al. 2020), inventory of personality organization (IPO; Igarashi et al. 2009), difficulties in emotion regulation scale short form (DERS-SF; Kaufman et al. 2016) and self-harm inventory (SHI; Sansone et al. 1998). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the model is a good fit. The direct effect of object relations (P<0.05), difficulties in emotion regulation (P<0.01), and personality organization (P<0.01) on non-suicidal self-injury is not significant. The indirect effect of object relations with the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization on non-suicidal self-injury is significant (P<0.01). The difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization can play an indirect role in increasing the effects of object relations on non-suicidal self-injury. The use or development of appropriate educational and therapeutic interventions in this field can help reduce non-suicidal self-injury.

Previous studies suggest that the severity of alterations in cognitive functions in people with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder are directly related to the deterioration in overall functioning and life quality.

The present study aimed to test the cognitive functional model of patients with bipolar disorder regarding childhood traumatic experiences based on the mediating role of emotional instability and expressed emotion.

The research method is descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The sample population included all patients with bipolar disorder who were admitted to Yahyanejad hospital in Babol, Iran during 17 months (from March/April 2010 until mid-September 2020). In total, 379 subjects were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools were The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) by Bernstein and Fink (1998), the Emotional Instability Scale by Oliver and Simpson (2004), the Expressed Emotion Level by Hall & et al. (2007), and the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire by Nejati (2013). Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS version 24 and Lisrel version 8.8.

The findings showed that childhood traumatic experiences directly affect emotional instability, expressed emotion, and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder (P<0.5). Further, emotional instability and expressed emotion play a mediating role in the correlation between childhood traumatic experiences and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder (P<0.5).

According to the results, emotional instability and expressed emotion have a mediating role in the correlation between childhood traumatic experiences and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, in order to improve the cognitive function of people with bipolar disorder, instrumented variables of stability and emotion should be taken into consideration.

Extramarital relationships are among the factors that challenge family health and are the most important factors that threaten the performance, stability and continuity of marital relationships. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy on cognitive indicators (experiential avoidance and emotion regulation) in couples affected by extramarital relationships.

The current research was of the type of applied and experimental field designs of pre-test-post-test and follow-up type with the control group. The statistical population studied in this research included all couples affected by extramarital relations who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2021, and among them, 60 people were selected by convenience sampling and divided into three groups. Emotion-oriented couple therapy, acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy, and a control group (20 people in each group) were assigned. The data were obtained using the experimental avoidance questionnaire of Bond et al. (2007) and the emotion regulation questionnaire of Granfski, Kraij and Spinhoven (2001). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment based on the package of McKay et al. (2012) and treatment protocol based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (Johnson, 2004) were implemented in ten 90-minute sessions on a weekly basis. The control group did not receive treatment and was put on the waiting list. In line with inferential analysis, variance analysis method with repeated measurement and SPSS.22 software were used.

The results showed that between the three groups of emotion-oriented couple therapy, couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and the witness group on the cognitive indicators of experiential avoidance (F=54.08) and emotion regulation (F=31.53) There is a statistically significant difference. Experiential avoidance and emotion regulation were lower and higher in the acceptance and commitment therapy group, respectively, at the end of the post-test than the emotion-oriented couple therapy group and the control group (p<0.01).

It can be concluded that in terms of effectiveness, acceptance and commitment therapy had the greatest impact on improving the variables of experiential avoidance and emotion regulation.

Long-term treatments and high levels of tension in cancer have a long-term negative effect on the patients’ mental health and cause psychological problems such as increased worry, despair, and negative emotions. In this regard, the present research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of group social work intervention in reducing worry and frustration and moderating cancer patients’ negative emotions.

This research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test study with a control group, and 30 patients with cancer at Birjand, Iran, were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15) using convenience sampling. In this procedure, the experimental group received group social work intervention training during eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any training. The data collection instruments were Watson, Clark, and Telgen’s (1988) positive and negative affect scale and Beck et al.’s (1985) frustration scale. Univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance were used to analyze the data.

The results of data analysis showed that the observed difference between the mean scores of frustration and negative emotions of the participants of the experimental-control groups according to the group membership in the post-test phase was significant with 95% confidence (P<0.05) and the effect of group social work intervention was 0.29 and 0.50 for the frustration and negative emotions, respectively

Group social work intervention should be used to reduce the psychological problems of patients with cancer.