rafieian

Studying the housing market at the national level does not necessarily reflect the characteristics of this market at the regional level. Therefore, the concept of submarkets or housing submarkets was proposed by researchers. Housing submarkets are a set of dwellings that have similar characteristics. They are reasonably close substitutes for one another, yet relatively poor substitutes for dwelling in other submarkets. Identifying housing submarkets makes it possible to predict housing prices more accurately. Moreover, it helps planners and policymakers to make better decisions. Despite the importance of this issue, few studies have analyzed housing submarkets in developing countries. In this article, spatial analysis of housing submarkets in 22 districts of Tehran City has been considered. The results of two stages of factor analysis on 22 variables consisting of housing structure and characteristics of housing supply and demand variables show a significant relationship between 21 variables. These variables have been reduced to 6 factors: price and ownership of housing, ability to provide housing, land and housing supply, spatial characteristics, environmental characteristics, and welfare status of households. Then, the districts of Tehran are divided into 5 clusters of the housing submarket by cluster analysis. Comparing the average variables in different submarkets will clarify a huge difference between them. So that the average price of each square meter of residential land and each square meter of residential infrastructure in submarket 1 is 5.7 times and 3.4 times that of submarket 5, respectively. Location indicators also show significant differences between submarkets. It seems that the difference in the level of facilities and services is one of the determining factors of housing prices in Tehran. Submarkets with higher housing prices have higher facilities and services. Therefore, it is not possible to plan for all regions with the same policy, and the difference in housing characteristics in submarkets should be taken into consideration.

A 17-year-old boy with hyperparathyroidism exhibited a large cyst in the left hemi-thorax on his chest X-ray. The cyst was identified as a hydatid cyst. He was referred for biphasic methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scan. A discrete ectopic parathyroid was detected in the left upper mediastinum in addition to accumulation of the MIBI tracer in the cyst wall. Using radio-guided occult lesion localization with an injection of 3 mCi 99m Tc - MIBI in the morning of the operation day, an ectopic adenoma was detected with a gamma probe within the thymus, resected with a consequent decline of serum high parathyroid hormone (PTH). This report is remarkable in two different aspects: the importance of radio-guided localization of ectopic adenoma, which in this case was within the thymus, and the accumulation of MIBI in hydatid cyst wall, as a unique report of this condition.

According to several types of research, one of the most important issues and principles of sustainable development that urban professionals pay attention to it recently is Just City. One aspect of Justice in cities, spatial justice, has particular significance by Unequal and discordant Expanding in cities regarding creating unequal areas. On the other hand, the urban spatial structure affects the equal distribution of elements and services. If this structure is devoid of justice ideology will lead to a complex social crisis and spatial issues as spatial conflict. Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the spatial justice and structure in the case of Yazd city to know how they influence each other. Spatial justice is examined from the view of "Equality of opportunity". Involved criteria are "equality", "Physical diversity", "human diversity" and "urban spaces", and spatial structure based on “Space Syntax” technique with "integration", "control", "connect" and " intelligibility " parameters. These criteria are Scored and analysed by FDAHP techniques and GIS. The result shows favourable status in the Central District, and as getting away from the disadvantaged downtown District increased. On the other hand, the spatial structure analysis reveals the most spatial coherent analogue the north-south axis with a little depth and isolated District (Spatial segregations) have located in the corners and edges of the city. Results from the superposition of these two analysis layers show a compatibility relation between the spatial structure of Yazd and the pattern of justice distribution except in the central and historical centre.

Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most common reasons for inflammation, small airways obstruction, and lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. Owing that there has been no study on the efficacy of hypersaline 3% in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in Iran, the present study was undertaken to deal with this issue.
This double-blinded clinical trial was carried out in Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord in 2013-2014. 70 patients under 2 years of age with bronchiolitis were assigned to two groups of 35 each. The first group received nebulized Ventolin while the second group was given nebulized hypersaline 3% three times a day. Subsequent to these administrations, recovery duration was compared in both groups.
The mean and standard deviation of recovery duration in the Ventolin group was 4.14±0.9 days and in the hypersaline 3% group was 3.06±0.6 days. T-test and mean recovery duration was significantly lower in the hypersaline 3% group (P Nebulizer hypersaline 3% had a better therapeutic effect than Ventolin in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. Therefore, the use of this drug, rather than Ventolin, is recommended for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age.

Policy making in Integrated Water Resources Management relies on understanding the concept of vulnerability. Therefore, it will be essential to identify the socio-economic state of the system under study as well as its hydrological state. In this paper, a water accounting framework is adopted to make a basis for integrated water resources management to embrace socio-economic aspects as well as the hydrological feature. The water accounting framework will be capable of integrating different data from economic, hydrological, and social domains. It is also suitable to address the effects of different policies. The aim of the present paper is to analyze vulnerability of the water resource system in the Rafsanjan study area. Adopting an analytical framework for assessing the system vulnerability to water scarcity, the paper then presented a derivation of vulnerability indicators based on the data organized in terms of different water accounts for 2001 and 2006. Analyzing the trends of indicators, the paper suggested policy options which could be applied in those periods to reduce the system vulnerability. The policy options are then simulated in a system dynamics model (using the VENSIM PLE software) built in association of the water resource and economic sub-systems of the study area. The results showed that the water resource system of the study area is highly vulnerable to water scarcity. To alleviate the system vulnerability, the policy options are suggested to shift partly from agricultural activities to industrial and mining activities.

With due respect to the authors’ rights, plagiarism detection, is one of the critical problems in the field of text-mining that many researchers are interested in. This issue is considered as a serious one in high academic institutions. There exist language-free tools which do not yield any reliable results since the special features of every language are ignored in them. Considering the paucity of works in the field of Persian language due to lack of reliable plagiarism checkers in Persian there is a need for a method to improve the accuracy of detecting plagiarized Persian phrases. Attempt is made in the article to present the PCP solution. This solution is a combinational method that in addition to meaning and stem of words, synonyms and pluralization is dealt with by applying the document tree representation based on manner fingerprinting the text in the 3-grams words. The obtained grams are eliminated from the text, hashed through the BKDR hash function, and stored as the fingerprint of a document in fingerprints of reference documents repository, for checking suspicious documents. The PCP proposed method here is evaluated by eight experiments on seven different sets, which include suspicions document and the reference document, from the Hamshahri newspaper website. The results indicate that accuracy of this proposed method in detection of similar texts in comparison with "Winnowing" localized method has 21.15 percent is improvement average. The accuracy of the PCP method in detecting the similarity in comparison with the language-free tool reveals 31.65 percent improvement average.

Anxiety is a common psychological disorder in developing societies, in which several neurotransmitters are involved. Use of pharmaceutical drugs in the treatment of anxiety has been associated with numerous side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of grape seed oil on male rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) model.
This experimental study was conducted on rats weighing 250- 300 grams divided into five groups of eight. Animals were administered with grape seed oil via gavage for five consecutive days, and behavioral tests were carried out 30 minutes after the intervention. Anxiolytic properties of grape seed oil were evaluated using the EPM model, and motor coordination of rats was assessed using the Rotarod apparatus. After behavioral evaluations, the animals were deeply anesthetized, and blood samples were obtained from their heart. After the extraction of blood serum, the antioxidant capacity test was performed.
FINDINGS: In animals administered with grape seed oil at doses of 50 (15±2.1), 100 (21.5±1.8), and 200 (27.5±1.8) milligram per kilogram of body weight, the number of open arm entries in EPM increased significantly compared to the control group (p=0.008, p=0.005, p=0.008). Moreover, gavage of grape seed oil at the dose of 200 mg/kg (177.5±95.17) significantly increased the time spent in the open arms of EPM (p=0.023). In addition, serum antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in rats receiving grape seed oil compared to control subjects.
According to the results of this study, grape seed oil could be effective in the reduction of anxiety levels through the inhibition of oxidative stress in rats in the EPM model

Adhesion formation is the commonest complication of abdominal surgery. Bearing an anti-oxidant activity, Silybum marianum may reduce adhesion formation. This study was an endeavor to shed light on the effect of Silybum marianum on intra-abdominal adhesions. In this experimental study, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: treated by 1% and 5% concentrations of the S. marianum extract (groups A and B) and distillated water (group C). After laparotomy, three longitudinal and transverse incisions (2 cm in length) were made on the right wall of the abdomen and a 2×2 piece was removed from peritoneal surface on the left side of the abdominal wall. In groups A, B and C, 3 mL of 1% and 5% of S. marianum extract or distillated water were administered into abdominal cavity of the rats, respectively. After 14 days, adhesion degrees were determined according to the number of adhesion bands (Canbaz scale). Data analysis was performed through SPSS 16 using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. There was a significant difference in adhesion formation among the groups (P=0.023). Adhesion degree in groups A and B were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). S. marianum extract supported a preventive effect on intra-abdominal adhesion in rats, which gives rise to the evidence that it may be similarly effective for human cases. Throughout further clinical studies, this plant and its derived compounds might be applied in the treatment of such complications subsequent to abdominal surgeries.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a major risk factor for hepatic dysfunction, acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma after kidney transplantation (KTP). The present article summarizes some of published articles about prevention of HBV reactivation in renal transplant recipients
Many articles published in English language as full-text manuscripts reviewed in a variety of sources such as Scopus, Pub Med and Google Scholar with key words of hepatitis B and kidney transplantation to collect current data about this issue.
FINDINGS: The risk of reactivation of HBV followingKTP is related to the status of serologic markers of HBV at the time of KTP.KTP candidate patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivehave higher risk for reactivation especially those who are hepatitis B e antibody positive or have high levels of HBV DNA in serum. Lamivudine has been most extensively used for prevention of HBV reactivation, but it is associated with a high rate of drug resistance.It seems that the optimal antiviral agent for prevention of HBV reactivation is entecavir which is associated with the lowest risk of drug resistance,however lamivudine-resistant HBV is less sensitive to entecavir. The preferred antiviral agent for lamivudine-resistant HBV is tenofovir which should be added to lamivudine rather than stopping lamivudine. It is reported that combination therapy in this sitting may reduce the development of resistance to the second drug.
There is sufficient evidence to recommend routine antiviral prophylaxis for all HBsAg-positive patients who are undergoing kidney transplantation.

Right to the city is one of the controversial concepts introduced in the 1970s by the French philosopher, Henri Lefebvre. In recent decades, this concept has gained the attention of many city theoreticians and has formed various social movements in practice and helped issue some legal charters. Lefebvre considered the city as a social structure and believed that all the citizens have a right to the city. The goal of the current article is to recognize and analyze the concept of right to the city using the theoretical framework presented by Henri Lefebvre and reading the concrete instances of this concept within various urban movements and issued charters. Our study is descriptive research and to gather the data, we used a qualitative method and techniques such as document selection, expert opinion and thematic analysis of documents. Results indicate that the concept of right to the city includes ownership of the city by citizens and their participation in urban affairs. Therefore, major issues confronting this concept in creating high quality urban space are: urban governance, social inclusion, cultural diversity in the city, social freedoms and access to urban services for all residents.

The aim of this study was evaluation of phytochemical components, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil (BEO) in vitro. The lipid oxidation of the meat and antibacterial effects of BEO were also evaluated in beef burger product. In this empirical study, essential oil of the basil was isolated by hydrodistillation. Then, BEO was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of different concentrations of BEO (0.00, 0.062, 0.125, and 0.25%) at 4±1ºC temperature and storage time of up to 12 days was evaluated on lipid oxidation, anti Staphylococcus aureus activity, and organoleptic effects in beef burger. The main compounds in BEO were methyl chavicol (85.19%), 1,8 cineol (3.96%), trans-alpha bergamotene (1.18%) and linalool (1.03%). In the storage temperature (4±1ºC), the BEO decreased the growth rate of S. aureus in beef burger (P< 0.05). Also, overall acceptance rate in the beef burger containing 0.125% BEO created a better sense in the product (P< 0.05). No significant differences were observed after adding different concentrations of essential oil to decrease lipid oxidation in raw beef burger (P> 0.05). Therefore, this essential oil might be used as antibacterial agent and flavor enhancer in meat products such as beef burger.

Clinically significant changes in central nervous system (CNS) function are observed following brief periods of CNS blood flow interruption. Stroke patients exhibit cognitive, emotional, and electrophysiological changes during the recovery phase. Lavender belongs to the Labiatae family and is used for a variety of cosmetic and therapeutic purposes in herbal medicine. This study investigates the effect of ethanolic extract of lavender on cerebral edema in a rat stroke model. Lavender extract was injected intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for 20 consecutive days. 2 hours after the last dose cerebral artery ligation surgery was performed. 24 hours after the induction of ischemia, cerebral edema was assessed. Also, antioxidant capacities of plasma and brain tissue were assessed in the intact groups. This study shows that treatment of rats with ethanolic extract of lavender caused a significant decrease in brain water content compared with ischemia group. Lavender extracts increased antioxidant capacity in serum and brain tissue in the intacts compared with the control group. The results indicated that lavender extract has neuroprotective activity against cerebral ischemia and the mechanism may be related to augmentation in endogenous antioxidant defense and inhibiting oxidative stress in the rat brain.

Introduction & Salivary antioxidants play important roles in the defensive mechanism of saliva against free radicals. Due to Prevalence of diabetes and numerous factors associated in its pathogenesis, understanding the defensive mechanism of salivary antioxidant against free radicals can provide helpful strategies in diagnosis and evaluation of diabetes. The aim of this study was evaluation of the paraoxonase (PON1) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in diabetic subjects. In this case -control study, 40 patients diagnosed with type II diabetes (20 males and 20 females) aged between 40 to 60 years and 40 healthy controls were selected. 5 mL unstimulated saliva samples using Spiting method were collected. PON-I and TAC levels were examined using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma) methods. The data were ana-lyzed by t- test or its non parametric equivalent tests. Mean PON-I in the subjects and control group were 8.05±2.099 nmol /ml 9.98 ±2.957 nmol/ml, respectively and the difference was significant (P=0.001) TAC in saliva of the sub-jects and control group were 377.38 ±191.229 and 402.25±189.105 and no significant differ-ence was found (P=0.56). The level of salivary TAC, PON-1 of patients with type II diabetes was lower than healthy controls. Additionally, plasma low density lipoproteins level of the diabetic subjects was higher compared with the healthy ones.

Recent studies have suggested that Mentha longifolia L. extracts (ME) have antioxidant activities. In this paper, attempts were made to determine the effect of MEin rat stroke model. Five groups (n=14) were studied; the first and second groups (control and sham) received intraperitoneal injection with daily distilled water. The other three groups received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of the ME for 21 days. Two hours after the last dose, each main group was subdivided into middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operated for infarct volume assessment and intact subgroup for the assessment of brain and serum antioxidant activity and lipid proxidation of brain and serum, respectively. Pretreatment with ME resulted in a significant reduction in total infarct volume. ME significantly increased antioxidant activity in penumbra and core in comparation with the control. The antioxidant activity of serum in the 100 mg/kg/day group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Malondialdeyde (MDA) level in the penumbra area was significantly elevated in the control group in comparison with other pretreated groups. ME at dose of 100 mg/kg significantly decreased MDA level in core area scale to the control. Moreover, ME with the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day reduced MDA level of serum. ME may protect ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury by increase in antioxidant activity, decrease in lipid proxidation and reduction in infarction volume.

Several species of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) have been tested for their efficiency as anti-viral and anti-tumor agents. Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) are pathogenic to human. Antiviral drugs are mostly weak or are associated with side effects. Medicinal plant products have been used as folk remedies for different kinds of ailments including viral diseases. The objective of this study was to compare the phytochemical study and anti-viral effect evaluation of methanolic extract with fractions of aerial parts of euphorbia spinidens. In this experimental and laboratory research the methanolic extract of aerial parts of E. spinidens with maceration method was subjected to solvent partitioning and afforded chloroform, butanol and hexane fractions.? -carotene-linoleate model system, folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively, were employed for evaluation of antioxidant activity, total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents of the extract and fractions of this plant. The cytotoxic and anti-viral effects of methanolic extract and fractions were determined using MTS assay and the CC50) 50% cytotoxic concentration(and EC50 (50% effectiveness concentration) were evaluated on Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1. The highest antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid and contents were in buthanol fraction (59.33±0.576, 99±1, 70±1), methanolic extract (44±1, 70±1, 49.96±0.996), chloroform fraction (33.33±0.996, 35.33±0.577, 25.33±0.996) and hexane fraction (19.66±1.146, 27±1, 9.33±1.628) respectively. The highest CC50 was in hexan fraction with 9.92± 0.072 mg/ml and the lowest CC50 was in methanolic extract with 5.072±0.063 mg/ml. Also, the highest anti viral activity revealed in the butanol fraction (SI: 28.125), methanolic extract (SI: 15.85), chloroform fraction (SI: 8.44) and hexane fraction (SI: 2.07), respectively. Based on the results, methanolic extract and buthanol, chloroform and hexane fractions of E. spinidens show anti HSV-1 activity. Antiviral effect observed can be attributed the presence of various secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenes and saponins.

Phenolic compounds due to their antioxidant properties are useful for prevention and treatment of meny incurable diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the flavonoids, flavonols and phenolic contents, as well as Antioxidant Activities (AA) of the extracts of 8 medicinal plants. In this laboratory study, the ethanolic extracts of the plants were prepared and the total flavonoids, flavonols and phenolic compounds, were measured by Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium choloride methods. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by β-caroten linoleate model and spectrophotometer at 490 nm. The results showed that total phenolic content of Punica granatum L (flower) (480.67±14.8mg) and Zataria multiflora Boiss (283.43±11.06 mg) were markedly higher than other plants. The lowest content was related to Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl (44.53±8.14 mg). Flavnoid content was variable from 36.56±3.51 mg (Nigella sativa L) to 210.67±21 mg (Tripleurospermum disciforme). Also flavonol contents ranged from 27.66±4.50mg (Nigella sativa L) to 237.33±4.72 mg (Tripleurospermum disciforme). Antioxidant Activity of eight extracts varied considerably and ranged from 44.66±5.50% (Nigella sativa L) to 73±4.58% (Punica granatum L (flower). The results indicated wide differences in the content of effective components and their antioxidant properties of plants. Plants such as pomegranate (flower) extract, chamomile and thyme are rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties, They coud be used as antioxidants in the food industry or in the treatment of various diseases.

Identity is an index of superior quality that appears the nature of a phenomenon. It is obvious that a subject، in the ratio of its needs and desires، determines the objectivity of a phenomenon. Place identity is a kind of human epistemology about surrounded environmental patterns. It has helped him/her to choose suitable place as habitant during the history. Thus، with evolution of his/her experiences has been selected the best suitable places. Place identity، indeed، is a part of substructures of individual identity of human being، and it is also، as the result of general knowledge of men about the physical world that he/she live in it. Geosystems present patterns according to spatial components relationship. Therefore، they could act as a guide for human activities. In this study، we used geography phenomenological approach and geosystem analysis to understand the nature of genesis and historical evolution of place، as bases of social and historical identity. Therefore، perception subjectivity of place has replaced with objectivity perception of the same place. For the purpose of accessing to the goal، we have defined identity، place identity، geosystems and their general characters. Then، on the base of these definitions، we have studied place identity according to geosystems approach to recognize them for description civil and social identity. Understanding the nature of place in the context of geomorphic systems for land use planning، especially habitants are the final goal of the research. Research results shows that every place، in geosystem approach، has a unique identity that it''s structure and function perception can determine land use planning. Therefore، every place has a spatial legislations، and capability. Following the legislations and capability is caused sustainability development.

Allium latifolium has polyphenolic compounds with power antioxidant properties which reduce serum lipids. Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) is a key enzyme in controlling the synthesis of glycerophospholipids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Allium latifolium on the liver PAP and serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats. In this experimental study، 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (8 in each group). Group I (normal) received standard diet، group II received cholesterol and oil diet (without treatment group)، and groups III and IV were the rats which received cholesterol (Chol) and oil plus 150 and 300 mg/kg bw Allium latifolium extract، respectively. Group V were the rats which received cholesterol and oil diet plus 30 mg/kg bw gemfibrozyl. At the end of the study، liver PAP activity، liver triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol، and serum lipoprotein levels were determined and compared. In group II، liver PAP activity showed a significant reduction (p<0. 05) compared to other groups. In groups III and IV (the rats which received Allium latifolium extract)، the liver Chol and TG، serum HDL-C، TG، total Chol، and VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein) concentrations showed a significant reduction (p<0. 05) compared to group II (the rats without treatment). In group IV، serum total cholesterol indicated a significant elevation (62. 30%) with respect to group III (p<0. 05). The consumption of Allium latifolium in the low dose can reduce the side effects of hyperlipidemia such as elevated serum Chol and TG.

As an important fundamental Issue in urban planning، land use suitability assessment provides important reference for planning، planning management، planning implementation and planning evaluation. Whether at home or abroad، many scholars and planning workers have made in-depth study and explore at the approaches of land suitability assessment، especially in the use of GIS technology. Land use suitability assessment is an important fundamental work in urban planning. Be restricted by technology and means، qualitative analysis methods are wider used in evaluating land use suitability. It is necessary to explore a quantitative evaluation method to provide a reliable basis for in-depth analysis of urban planning and improve the persuasiveness of the decision-making and objectivity and science of the urban planning. Theoritical Bases: Urban valley stream is one of the important factors in making structural and functional evolutions of cities. In these natural corridors، in addition to، permanent or periodic flow of water، visual and natural values، as well as different function/ action pattern -in the form of tourism- recreation، economical functions، and even human life- are existed. In theories related to urban sustainable development، optimum utilization of these areas in the framework of sensitive areas and urban vital plans is considered by urban institution. Urban Managers are using a number of programs and policies to guide and control growth in the urban valley streams. The rapid development of IT technology and gradually maturing of GIS technology applications provides the foundation for urban planning from the qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis. Through the evaluation method، we can clearly determine the space relationship of «strict protection - appropriate protection - general use - optimal use - key development» in different policy conditions، so as to provide a solid theoretical foundation and serviceable content for urban planning. In this research، it is tried to use urban sensitive area theory framework; utilizing AHP model، geographic information system (GIS)، and conservation- based approach، urban land use planning process in Farahzad’s valley stream is considered. In general، the current study focuses on taking GIS as evaluation tools، but does not make in-depth research at the aspect of data source. On the basis of previous studies، this paper sums up experiences، uses remote sensing technology to broaden data acquisition channels and applies GIS-based Spatial Analysis method to land suitability assessment of Farahzad in Tehran. Dissscusion: The fast expansion of Tehran during recent years and the increase of urbanization have caused the decrease in natural values and established widespread development plans without environmental considerations. This tendency causes collision of environmental equilibrium in the city، especially in urban sensitive areas. The final results are shown in following map and table. Based on data، urban land use planning in Farahzad area is very important considering current obligations. The result shows that about 77 percent of lands in this valley stream with assessment model applied are located in high degree conservation bound. Therefore، these areas should be unsettled areas and should be replaced to optimum land uses related to their environmental values. Finally، with respect to location results produced from this research، micro and macro policies and guidelines for accessing to valley stream conservation goals are presented. The underlying policy issues need to be addressed by the public as well as elected officials if natural resources in the interface are to be preserved. Natural resource managers can play an important role in raising public awareness of the natural resource and conservation issues in the interface. Too often communities wait until development has begun before attempting to revise their land development plans. By then، emotions are often running high، and anger، divisiveness، and resentment preclude rational discussion about the long-term goals of the community. Because these issues are multifaceted، proactive and flexible land use policies are needed to deal with them.

A transient increase of blood concentration of lipids after meal is able to increase the risk of atherogenesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) consumption on atherosclerosis and hepatic risk factors. In an experimental study، 32 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to four groups to receive normal diet، a diet containing 1% cholesterol، a diet containing 1% cholesterol plus 200 mg/kg dill powder، and a diet containing 10 mg/kg lovastatin. Risk factors of atherosclerosis including glucose، total cholesterol (TC)، triglyceride (TG)، apolipoprotein B (ApoB)، alanine aminotransferase (ALT)، aspartate aminotransferase (AST)، low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)، nitrite، nitrate، fibrinogen، and factor VII were measured and compared between different groups. Consumption of dill caused a significant reduction in glucose compared to the hypercholesterolemic diet group. Dill powder significantly decreased LDL-C، TC، AST، ALT، and fibrinogen. No significant differences were found between dill group and hypercholesterolemic diet group in ApoB، factor VII، nitrite، and nitrate. According to our findings، postprandial consumption of dill may have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and hepatic risk factors.

Entropion and ectropion with involutional changes are the most common eyelid malpositions. Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid margin turns inwards against the globe and ectropion is a malposition in which the lid turns outwards or is pulled away its normal position from the globe. Knowledge of eyelid problems and their abnormalities is a key to plan a successful surgical procedure. This descriptive study lasted from Sep. 2008 to March 2009. We evaluated 78 patients with eyelid malpositions who referred to educational hospitals of Yazd. The patients were examined by an eye specialist. Each patient’s demographic data, type of eyelid malposition, specific treatment results and 6-month follow up of each patient were recorded by the questioners and then were analyzed statistically by SPSS13 software, chi-square and fisher exact test. Among 78 cases, entropion was observed in 41 cases(52.6%), trichiasis in 31 cases(39.7%), ectropion in 27 cases(34.6%) and distichiasis in 3 cases (3.8%). The Wies procedure proved to be influential in entropion treatment and lateral tarsal strip canthoplasty surgery also reported acceptable results in ectropion. The involutional changes were the most common causing factors for eyelid malpositions. Entropion appears most prevalently specially in right upper eyelid. The Wies and lateral tarsal strip canthoplasty procedures were thoroughly successful in treatment of entropion and ectropion of either upper or lower eyelids

Most antidiabetic agents have side effects and over one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus use some types of complementary and alternative medicines. Herbs are most commonly used to treat diabetes. In this study the effect of we investigated the Glycogol (Diabetan) pill, a blend of Saliva officinalis, Trigonella foenum and Ginseng, on blood glucose levels of diabetic patients. In a double-blind clinical trial, conducted in 2010, 80 diabetic patients referred to endocrine and metabolism clinic in Shahrekord (Iran) were selected and randomly designated into two groups of cases and controls. The case group received Glycogol and the control group received placebo tablets, three times a day for three months. Glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2 hours postprandial (2hpp) glucose were measured at the beginning and every 2 weeks, for three months. Hepatic enzymes were also evaluated and the results of the two groups were compared. In Glycogol treated patients, compared to controls, 2hpp blood sugar and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in glycosylated hemoglobin and FBS between the two groups. Results showed that glycogol tablets might be beneficial in diabetic patients to reduce 2hpp and cholesterol. More investigations however are needed to ensure the benefits of its long term usage in these patients.

Intro duction Urbanization growth and parallel to it the vehicles increase in urban areas has caused different problems. Among them we can refer to decrease of human scale on residential environments, lack of urban places, face to face contact, and population development in the urban centers increase of accidents rate in passages networks, disappearing safety and security of passer- by, decrease of passer – by value, and generally decreasing environment quality. To consider quality promotion of urban environments and following that to value passer - by, as the main formative elements of city and their satisfaction of urban environments are the principal drives of the research. The research area is the area between Se rahe bazar to Shohada Square (Eram Avenue) and its Suburbs. The research purpose is to measure the rate of social group’s tendency towards making pavement - oriented Main Street connected to Majesty holly shrine in Qom. The main question of the research is whether the increase of functional variety at different times of day and night will develop making pavement? And whether pedestrian roads will increase the social security for environment users? 2- Theoretical Bases The environment quality is a multiple dimension concept that is related to the concepts such as life quality, place quality, perception and citizenship satisfaction and life capability so that they are often regarded as similar concepts. While there is considerable variety on approaches inclined to discussion about urban environments quality, the concept of environment quality is considered in the form of theoretical approach according to two bases of the approaches inclined to frame dimensions of environment and the approaches with majority social – local content. Also from other perspective in three bases we can consider the approach of policymakers, perceptual – psychological view and empirical research as the main grounds of indicating urban environments quality. Concerning the previous studies, the approach of environment quality measurement through environment users that is the same approach of measurement of residential satisfaction rate (is the subset of local – social approach) was selected for measurement of urban environment quality in this research. Thus in order to promote urban environment quality such as street and increase people satisfaction from the environment we tried to consider the solution of making pavement in the environment as the research hypothesis and establish statistical relation, between data. In this research pedestrian roads or pedestrian streets, are single streets that car traffic is eliminated from them. In other words in these streets non – motor traffic and passer – by moving have priority. Of course the particular cars (fire engine and emergency and police car) can use in emergency and service vehicles and load corridor are allowed to pass through them. 3- Discussion In order to study the possibility of making pavement, it was considered from three functional, physical and environmental perception aspects. The environment quality was evaluated by designing empirical model of quality assessment (value tree), using deductive method, studying 13 given criterions (including availability, environment, urban facilities, lighting, pavements, cultural- social factors, economic activities, entertainment functions, livability, identity, human scale, belonging sense, legibility) whit an assess meal in 4 levels. By using available and documentary information as statistical and field study and from the value tree a questionnaire was provided and it was completed by both sex groups (male and female) 386 people with age range between 15-16 and different social classes and groups (resident and passer- by) during 6 successive days and different times of day (on Cochran -sampling formula). The samples were selected as randomly systematic around Majesty Masoumeh's holly shrine and questioned and data were analyzed through spss software. The correlation rate was determined between variables. In the next stage all selected sub- branches including 12 parameters were studied separately and their correlation rate was determined. The rate of direct and indirect effect and also priority of each independent variable on the rate of people satisfaction with environment was determined by using path analysis. Physical characteristics with 0.682 were standed in the first priority. Then the environmental perception with 0.605 and the functional characteristics with 0.483 were standed in the second and third priority. The considerable point is however in regression analysis of variable the functional figures had the most direct effect on the variable of environment quality but in the path analysis with a view to the indirect effect of variables, the physical characteristics were standed on the first priority with 0.682. Also the finding result of research indicates user’s dissatisfaction of environment quality around Majesty Masoumeh's holly shrine. While the theoretical average of urban environment quality rate was equivalent to 2. the average of environment quality around Majesty Masoumeh's holly shrine was equivalent to 1.54 from environment user’s view that is about 0.46 less than the theoretical average of 2. 4- Conclusion The statistical analyses (multiple variable regression, path analysis, person correlation test and tb Kendal, etc.) show that there is a meaning relation between dependent variable (environment quality) and independent variable (standards) with confidence %99. In other words, there is a positive and meaningful relation between dependent variables of the research and variables of environment quality increase around Majesty Masoumeh's holly shrine through making the Eram street pavement-centered. Therefore the research hypotheses were confirmed by examining the studied samples. It means that the functional variety increase at different times of day land night encourages citizens to walk along urban places and allows making pavement in such place with many and various functions. Also promotion of environment quality in the urban places on pavement increases social security for citizens. Therefore findings show there is the possibility of establishing pavement in such environment in order to promote the environment quality in the central part of Qom. Also in order to promote the environment quality on pavement, investment in security, availability, passages, economic functions items, may lead to improvement.