فهرست مطالب reza shahryari

Periodontitis is considered an important oral health issue, that may affect systemic health and quality of life of the patients. The effects of its treatment on improving the mental health and quality of life of patients is an important issue needing further evaluations. This study was designed to investigate the changes in oral health related quality of life of the patients with periodontal disease after the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy.

In this clinical study, a total of 60 patients who only needed periodontal phase I treatment (i.e., nonsurgical treatment) were enrolled. For each patient, the Oral Impact on Daily Performance questionnaire (OIDP) was completed before and 1 month after scaling and root planning. The index scores were measured and compared, and their relations with the age, gender, and type of periodontal disease were evaluated.

The Results showed that the quality of life improved in patients with the periodontal disease after the nonsurgical phase of periodontal therapy. Also, it was observed that changes in the patients’ quality of life had no relevance to the type of the investigated periodontal diseases (i.e., generalized chronic gingivitis and generalized mild chronic periodontitis). Regarding the gender and age of the patients, there was no significant difference in the level of changes in the quality of life related to oral health.

According to the obtained results of this study, it was shown that periodontal disease can have an important impact on the patients’ quality of life, and nonsurgical periodontal treatment can improve quality of life related to oral health and daily performance of patients.

IntroductionIn order to achieve healthy food production, application of ecological inputs such as organic and biological fertilizers is inevitable. Organic fertilizers are fertilizer compounds that contain one or more kinds of organic matter. They can improve the soil ability to hold water and nutrients.
Humic substances (HS) are natural organic compounds comprising from 50% to 90% of the organic matter of peat, lignites, sapropels, as well as non-living organic of soil and water ecosystems. According to the classical definition, HS are "a general category of naturally occurring heterogeneous organic substances that can generally be characterized as being yellow to black in color, of high molecular weight and refractory". They are a mixture of complex organic compounds that are usually separated into three fractions based on aqueous solubility: humic acids (HA), the fraction of HS that is not soluble in water under acidic conditions (pH Materials and methodsIn this study, in order to determine the effect of potassium humate on wheat tolerance to late season drought and also quantity and quality of its grain yield, an experiment was carried out on six selected wheat genotypes including Gascogne, Sabalan, 4057, Ruzi-84, Gobustan and Saratovskaya-29. The experiment was carried out as split plot factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications in research farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch, Iran during 2008-2009 growing season. Main plot include stress levels ( irrigation cut at anthesis stage and non-stress) and potassium humate (humate application), and sub plot included as genotypes. Treatment composition of non-stress, non humate and Gascogne wheat was considered as a control treatment. Treatments were stress levels (stress, non-stress); humate levels (humate, non-humate) and genotypes.
Applied liquid humic fertilizer (potassium humate) was derived from peat. Humic treatments were done at several times (spraying on seeds after planting, foliage spraying at tillering, stem elongation and grain filling stages). Grain yield, biological yield and protein content of grains were recorded. After grain milling by Laboratory Mill-3100, protein content of flour measured by Inframatic-8600. Data analysis was done by using SAS software and means were compared by least significant difference test (LSD).
Results and discussionPotassium humate reduced stress intensity by 23% and also increased biological and economic yield in drought conditions. In late season drought conditions potassium humate increased the yield from 2.8 to 3.6 tons per hectare (around 26%). Humate increased seed yield of the varieties Gascogne (1.8 tons per hectare), Gobustan, Saratovskaya-29 and Sabalan (0.54 to 0.67 tons per hectare) and Ruzi-84 (0.27 tons per hectare). Seed protein content in Saratovskaya-29 was highest in both humate application conditions and without it, but the yield was low. The variety Sabalan had the highest grain yield and average protein content. The 4057 genotype and Sabalan had the highest grain yield in both stress and no-stress conditions.
ConclusionGenerally, the findings of this investigation showed that potassium humate as a natural preparation can improve quality and quantity of produced wheat grains against end seasonal drought condition.

Seeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its deterioration under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in a 5 × 4 × 3 factorial experiment using completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were three levels of potassium humate (control, one and two parts per 1000 potassium humate), four wheat varieties (Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran) and five heating times (zero, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours). Results showed significant differences in simple effect of variety and effect of potassium humate × heating times for shoot length; simple effect of heating times and effect of potassium humate × varieties for germination percent; effect of potassium humate × varieties × heating times for radicle length, shoot dry weight, seminal roots dry weight and seedling dry weight. Pretreatment of seeds by using 2/1000 potassium humate produced × longest radicle roots in Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran respectively with 72, 72, 144 and 96 hours heating times. The highest root dry weight was produced by 2/1000 potassium humate and 48 and 72 hours of heating times on Shirodi and Chamran, respectively. Application of 1/1000 of potassium humate produced the highest seedling dry weight in Shirodi, Darya and Morvarid with 48, 72 hours of heating times and without heating, respectively. Results also revealed that different varieties responded differently to potassium humate treatment at different heating times. It can be concluded that longer heating durations affected wheat characters at early growth stages and pretreatment of seeds by potassium humate can decrease seed deterioration.

The present study was conducted in the agricultural research farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, to investigate genetic variation of some bread wheat genotypes for some morpho-physiological traits under separate environmental conditions (drought stress and without drought stress). Results from analysis of variance showed that the interaction of “irrigation levels × genotypes” on traits like plant height, infertile tillers number, spike length, peduncle to plant height ratio, spike number per m2 and grain yield were significant. Genotype No. 35 (4057) produced the highest (6.3 ton/ha) grain yield. Linear multivariable regression revealed that traits such as grain numbers per spike, node number and spike weight accounted for about 58% of overall mean yield among the genotypes under terminal drought stress condition. Node number had the highest direct effect (0.438) on grain yield. The results, also, showed that the direct effect of grain number per spike on yield was positive (0.135) while spike weight on yield was negative (-0.345). Direct effect of node number on yield by spike weight was higher than indirect effect of spike weight by node number. Based on the factor analysis, 75.80% of total variations were explained by 6 factors. The first up to the sixth factors accounted for 21.32, 18.13, 9.72, 9.62, 9.4 and 7.6% of the total variations respectively. Furthermore, cluster analysis, based on Ward method and by using Euclidian squared distance, classified the genotypes into five groups. Results from this study suggest that traits such as grain number per spike, node number and spike weight can be used as a selection criteria in breeding programs for higher grain yield of bread wheat in the regions where plants may be subject to terminal drought stress.