robabe hosseinisadat

One of the factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy is the primary body mass index (BMI) and the amount of weight gain during pregnancy. This study aimed to check the relationship between mother's initial body mass index and weight gain in pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 455 pregnant women referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran, from August 2021 to August 2022. These pregnant women were included in the study through easy and accessible sampling. The mother's initial weight was recorded through the mother's health card. The height of the mother was measured using a standard meter and the final weight of the mother before delivery was measured using a standard scale available in the department. Other information of the mothers was extracted from their records. Weight gain during pregnancy and initial body mass index were calculated and divided into four categories, less than normal, normal, overweight and obese. Maternal-fetal complications were included in the information registration form. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS version 24 software were used to analyze the data.

The average age of women was 27.56±6.82 years. Body mass index of more than 40% of them (44.4%) was normal (19.8-26) and more than 45% of them were overweight 11.5-16 (45.5%). There was a significant relationship between initial body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy (P=0.001), gestational diabetes (P=0.001) and newborn weight (P=0.019). There was also a significant relationship between weight gain during pregnancy with premature birth (P=0.001), vaginal delivery (P=0.001), gestational diabetes (P=0.001) and newborn Apgar (P=0.001).

High body mass index of the mother and weight gain during pregnancy can cause complications in the mother and the fetus. Therefore, prenatal care should be done more carefully and health care providers should place mothers who have abnormal body mass index and inappropriate weight gain in pregnancy in the high-risk group and under special care to minimize maternal and fetal complications.

Vitamin D and glucose play an important role in the female reproductive system.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of serum and follicular fluid vitamin D on assisted reproductive technique (ART) outcomes.

102 infertile women were enrolled in the study. All cases received the routine in vitro fertilization protocol. On the oocyte retrieval day, a sample of their peripheral blood and follicular fluid was obtained to determine the level of vitamin D and glucose. We also evaluated ART outcomes including oocytes, 2 pronucleus and embryo number, implantation, chemical and clinical pregnancy, and abortion rate. Finally, the effect of serum and follicular fluid vitamin D and glucose on the ART outcomes was assessed.

There was no difference in the characteristics, serum vitamin D, follicular fluid vitamin D, fasting blood sugar (FBS), or follicular fluid glucose between the women with vs. without a positive clinical pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the ART outcomes based on vitamin D level. The mean follicular fluid glucose levels in women who were deficient, insufficient and sufficient in vitamin D were 65.20 ± 14.65, 63.47 ± 14.90 and 55.97 ± 15.64, respectively. Follicular fluid glucose was lower in women with sufficient vitamin D levels and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). There was no relationship between the three follicular fluid vitamin D levels and ART outcomes. In women with normal FBS levels, the level of follicular fluid vitamin D was significantly lower than in the women with pre-diabetic FBS status (p < 0.001).

The present study showed that serum vitamin D level, follicular fluid vitamin D level, FBS, and follicular fluid sugar were not predictive parameters for ART outcomes.

The authors of article entitled "The effect of endometrial injury on pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A randomized control trial " requested some corrections in their article due to re-analyze their data. The authors reviewed the data and confirmed the critical but inadvertent statistical analysis errors which had occurred during research. As the authors explain in their letter to the editor, the errors are listed as: The recruitment end date has been changed from January 2016 to December 2015. The Fisher exact test has been added in statistical analysis section. A typographical error has occurred in eligible woman which mistyped 210 instead of 120. Also, in the first group, 45 women were analyzed at the end, of which 48 were incorrectly stated. Some numbers in tables has been changed and statistical tests has been revised.

The authors of article entitled " Effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on IVF outcomes in infertile women: An RCT" requested some corrections in their article due to re-analyze their data. The authors reviewed the data and confirmed the critical but inadvertent statistical analysis errors which had occurred during research. As the authors explain in their letter to the editor, the errors are listed as:  The Mann-Whitney test has been added in statistical analysis section. Some numbers in tables has been changed and statistical tests has been revised. One of the readers of the article informed the corresponding author that there seems to be a number of errors in presenting data, so the authors re-analyzed the data and due to the selection of an inappropriate statistical test, some numbers were incorrect. The corrected article has been provided with corrections to the paper; and relevant tables. The authors have confirmed that there are no other errors. The corrected article has been reviewed by our editorial team, and we have confirmed that the overall conclusion has not been changed as stated in the updated article available at: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5795 (updated on August 29, 2021).

Several mediators play an important role in implantation. One of these mediators is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).

To evaluate the effects of HCG intrauterine injection on the day of oocyte retrieval on the result of assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

In this randomized clinical trial study, 126 women who were referred to Afzalipour Infertility Center between December 2018 to December 2019 undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles were enrolled and assigned to two groups of: a case (n = 62) and a control group (n = 64). The protocols for both groups were the same; except that the case group was injected with the protocols for both groups were the same, except that the case group was injected with 1000 IU of HCG into uterine cavity following the oocyte puncture, while no medication was administered to the control group. The implantation rate, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and abortion rates were compared between the two groups.

Positive chemical pregnancy was seen in 15 (27.3%) cases of the case group and 14 (25.5%) of the control group. No significant difference was seen in the chemical and clinical pregnancy rates between the groups. The abortion rate was higher in the control group but that was not significant.

A 1000 IU of HCG intrauterine injection after oocyte retrieval does not improve implantation, chemical or clinical pregnancy rates in ART cycles. Further studies are needed to clearly understand the role of HCG intrauterine injection in the day of oocyte retrieval in ART outcomes.

Management of poor-responding patients is still major challenge inassisted reproductive techniques (ART). Delayed-start GnRH antagonist protocol isrecommended to these patients, but little is known in this regards.

The goal of this study was assessment of delayed-start GnRH antagonistprotocol in poor responders, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.

This randomized clinical trial included sixty infertilewomen with Bologna criteria for ovarian poor responders who were candidate forIVF. In case group (n=30), delayed-start GnRH antagonist protocol administeredestrogen priming followed by early follicular-phase GnRH antagonist treatment for7 days before ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin. Control group (n=30) treatedwith estrogen priming antagonist protocol. Finally, endometrial thickness, the ratesof oocytes maturation, , embryo formation, and pregnancy were compared betweentwo groups.

Rates of implantation, chemical, clinical, and ongoing pregnancy indelayed-start cycles were higher although was not statistically significant.Endometrial thickness was significantly higher in case group. There were nostatistically significant differences in the rates of oocyte maturation, embryoformation, and IVF outcomes between two groups.

Delayed-start GnRH antagonist protocol can be a new hope method totreatment poor ovarian responders.

Implantation failure is one of the most important factors limiting success in IVF treatment. The majority of trials have demonstrated favorable effect of endometrial injury on implantation success rate especially in women with recurrent implantation failure, while some studies failed to detect any benefit.

The purpose of our trial was to explore whether endometrial injury in luteal phase prior to frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles would improve pregnancy outcomes?

We conducted a prospective controlled trial of 93 consecutive subjects at a research and clinical center for infertility. All women were undergone frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FTE) cycles. Women in the experimental group underwent endometrial biopsy with a Pipelle catheter in luteal phase proceeding FET cycle. Primary outcomes were implantation and clinical pregnancy rates and secondary outcomes were chemical, ongoing and multiple pregnancy and miscarriage rates.

45 subjects who underwent endometrial injury (EI) were compared with 48 control group which did not include any uterine manipulation. There were no significant differences in baseline and cycle characteristics between two groups. The difference in implantation rate was trend to statistically significance, 11.8% in EI group vs. 20.5% in control group (p=0.091). The chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were lower in EI group compared with control group but not statistically significant. The multiple pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate also were lower in EI group compared with control group.

Based on results of this study, local injury to endometrium in luteal phase prior to FET cycle had a negative impact on implantation and clinical pregnancy rates.

Despite major advances in assisted reproductive techniques, the implantation rates remain relatively low. Some studies have demonstrated that intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) improves implantation in infertile women.

To assess the G-CSF effects on IVF outcomes in women with normal endometrial thickness.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 100 infertile women with normal endometrial thickness who were candidate for IVF were evaluated in two groups. Exclusion criteria were positive history of repeated implantation failure (RIF), endocrine disorders, severe endometriosis, congenital or acquired uterine anomaly and contraindication for G-CSF (renal disease, sickle cell disease, or malignancy). In G-CSF group (n=50), 300 µg trans cervical intrauterine of G-CSF was administered at the oocyte retrieval day. Controls (n=50) were treated with standard protocol. Chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate were compared between groups.

Number of total and mature oocytes (MII), two pronuclei (2PN), total embryos, transferred embryos, quality of transferred embryos, and fertilization rate did not differ significantly between two groups. So there were no significant differences between groups in chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate

our result showed in normal IVF patients with normal endometrial thickness, the intrauterine infusion of G-CSF did not improve pregnancy outcomes.