s. h. marashi

In this research, 50 quinoa genotypes were investigated using 40 pairs of microsatellite markers (SSR) to identify the superior genotypes in terms of grain yield, the components affecting it, and the features linked to the studied traits were also introduced using Association Analysis. The study of grain yield traits and the factors affecting it showed that the traits of day to physiological maturity, panicle length, number of panicle per plant, and 1000 -grain weight were the most important traits affecting grain yield, and finally genotypes 1, 32 and 49 were the essential traits in terms of these traits. They were introduced as superior genotypes. Studying the population structure using Structure software showed two possible subgroups (K=2) in the studied population and the results of the bar plot confirmed it. The results of the correlation analysis using the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (MLM) numbers 49, 53 (GLM) and number 48, 52 (MLM) showed a significant indicator-adjective relationship, respectively, for the first year (2018) and the second (2019). Among the significant marker-trait relationships identified for different traits, the highest number of meaningful relationships were identified for grain yield and 1000-grain weight traits with 6 and 5 relationships, respectively. In conclusion, based on the results of the correlation analysis, 12 continuous markers were identified with a significant relationship with the evaluated traits during both years. Therefore, these markers can be used as fixed and stable markers in different quinoa breeding programs.

The book, Great Grafidin translated from Syriac to Arabic by Shapour Ibn Sahl Kousaj (D., 255 AH) is one of the glories of Islamic civilization during the third century AD. Fortunately, several copies of this book are available in libraries of Iran and other parts of the world. The present article aims to examine the books related to simple and composite (composite of herbal plants) in ancient medicine by analysis of Shapour Sahl’s Great Grafidin as the first written book on Grafidin. In the meantime, some other books on grafidin which have been written after and adapted from Shapour’s have been investigated.

Taxol is one of the most important anticancer agents that its supply mainly depends on biological processes. 10 - deacetyl baccatin III- O- acetyl transferase (dbat) gene is one of the key genes in Taxol biosynthetic pathway and it is expected that overexpression of this gene would result in an increased production of taxol in biological systems. Investigation of dbat gene characteristics from Iranian endemic yew، Gene expression analysis and Construction of overexpression vector for this gene. First، sequence of the gene was cloned and then، sequence characteristics identified with Bioinformatics analysis. Gene expression analysis was performed under methyl jasmonate elicitation in several time-courses. Finally in order to construct overexpression vector، the sequence was cloned under the control of the CaMV35S promoter in to pCAMBIA1304. Comparison of sequence similarities indicated that this sequence is most similar to Taxus × hunnewelliana. There was one unique amino acid substitution and investigating substituted amino acid revealed that، this replacement can not change overall characteristics of the enzyme and thus it would result in a functional enzyme. Analysis of gene expression showed that in response to methyl jasmonate، gene expression levels increased to maximum rate up to 24 times at 12 hours after elicitation. Finally gene insertion in suitable site of overexpression vector، confirmed by digest with restriction enzymes. Elicitation of shoot cuttings of Taxus would be a suitable alternative for Taxus cell cultures in gene expression analysis. Simplicity، feasibility، and deletion of time-consuming processes of cell culture are its main advantages.