saeed soltani bahram

The rapid growth of urbanization along with the increase of rural-urban migration has provided a favorable platform for the formation of marginal areas around the cities. The rapid growth of urbanization has caused many problems and problems for cities, among which we can mention the problems of marginalization and the growth of informal settlements. Meanwhile, the city of Bonab, as one of the cities of East Azarbaijan province, has faced the problem of marginalization due to having different capacities. The present research has investigated the problems of social harms of marginalization in Bonab city. The current research is a qualitative research method based on foundational data theory and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population was the residents of Aghdash, South Dizj (Iran Garage), North Dizj (Almalo neighborhood) of Benab city in East Azerbaijan province, 41 of them were interviewed and theoretical saturation was achieved. The investigation and analysis of the conducted interviews indicate that the people living in the suburbs are engaged in informal jobs such as buying and selling drugs, alcoholic beverages, labor and carpet weaving due to the lack of skills and expertise, and it is also one of the main causes of injuries. Social in these neighborhoods, we can point to things like economic and social inequalities, the availability of drugs and the lack of a proper program to fill free time. Dropping out of school due to economic poverty, the low literacy level of families, and the addiction of parents has created a phenomenon called working children, these factors have caused false employment, and the lack of cultural centers has caused delinquency in these areas.

In today's consumer society, women are socialized in such a way that they consider their body as a commodity. In this sense, the body is a text that has evolved into an ever-controversial commodity that represents the identity and class base of each person. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the physical objectification of students and its relationship with materialistic values.The research employed a survey methodology, wherein the required data was gathered using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is the female students of Urmia University, 182 of whom were selected by stratified sampling.The results indicated that the mean of materialistic values among students was 61.28%, while the mean of physical objectification was approximately 59.67%. Upon analysis of the descriptive statistics pertaining to the dimensions of body objectification, it is evident that the dimension of body surveillance has the highest average (65.22%) and the dimension of body shame has the lowest average (48.40%). Among the contextual variables; faculty of study, monthly household income, and social class affect students' body image. Materialistic values have a positive and significant relationship with students' physical objectification (r=0.307). Among the dimensions of body objectification, body appearance control and body shame have a positive and significant relationship with materialistic values, except for the dimension of body surveillance, which has no significant relationship with materialistic values. The regression model shows that materialistic values account for 11% of the variability observed in body objectification.Therefore, it can be concluded that female students' body objectification stems from their pursuit of materialistic ideals.

Fertility behavior in society as one of the main population factors, is influenced by economic, social and cultural factors in such a way that the transformation in each of these factors will have a direct and indirect effect on fertility changes. In this research, Fertility behavior in relation to the variables of individualism, women's independence, the value of children, women's employment and the family income have been investigated through a survey method. The statistical population of the current research is married women aged 15-49 in Tabriz city, whose number is 338,220 according to the 2015 census, and 498 of them are estimated using Cochran's formula. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to measure variables, collect data and examine hypotheses, and its items were compiled based on theoretical foundations and conceptual definitions. The results of the findings of the present study show that there is a significant relationship between the variables of women's employment, the degree of individualism of women and the attitude towards the value of children with women's Fertility behavior. While there was no significant relationship between the variables of women's independence and the amount of income with women's Fertility behavior.

Environmental education is one of the major concerns of environmental activists. Education is therefore important because it encourages desirable behaviors and increases the awareness of people in society. In the meantime, environmental education refers to the creation of harmonious and compatible behavior patterns with nature and understanding the relationship between man and his environment. In environmental education, it is necessary to bring children to a level where they can think well, see problems and issues and find solutions for them. In order to reach such a position, it is necessary to consider four important principles: 1) sensitizing children to the issues around them, 2) creating motivation to solve problems, 3) teaching critical thinking, 4) finding solutions in the education process. On the other hand, environmental education is considered a way to create and acquire environmental literacy. Environmental literacy means knowing environmental patterns and processes. In this context, there is a codified environmental education program under the title "Children's Place in the Environment" (ACPE) curriculum, which has six units. This program provides basic elements about the environment for teachers to teach students. The first unit includes respect for living organisms, the second unit is to preserve the soil, the third unit is to protect and renew the ecosystem, the fourth unit is to protect aquatic animals and plants, the fifth unit is to preserve natural resources, and the sixth unit is to achieve a sustainable society. The review of theoretical literature and previous research shows that the studies conducted so far did not analyze the content of the first and second year textbooks on a case-by-case basis, and each from a specific perspective with the aim of promoting biological literacy and paying attention to the environmental patterns of teaching. Examined the general this research, by examining previous studies and analyzing them, tries to examine and analyze the contents of the first and second year primary school textbooks from the perspective of environmental education.

In this research, the books of the first and second year of primary school have been examined based on the approach of environmental education and with the method of content analysis. The first year of primary school has five textbooks; let’s write Farsi, read Farsi, experimental sciences, mathematics and teaching Quran, which is also added in the second year of elementary school. In this research, the analyzed society is the textbooks of the first and second year of elementary school, compiled in 2010, which are all counted. The unit of analysis is images and written text. The reason for choosing textbooks is that textbooks are the most important and widely used educational media used in the education system. This educational medium has a more fundamental role in countries with a more centralized system and facilitates the learning process.

In order to answer the research question, all the books were analyzed and pictures and texts related to the environment were recorded. Surveys showed that topics related to the environment are mainly limited to introducing animals, elements of nature, introducing plants, referring to the beauty of nature, expressing feelings towards nature, referring to natural foods and enjoying nature. be On the other hand, educational sentences are very few and do not stand out significantly. The findings of the research show that in the textbooks of the first year, the names and images of animals are the most frequent, so that 239 cases in the three books "Let's write Persian", "Read Persian" and "Experimental science" were about animals. 95 items were dedicated to the names and images of plants, and the sky and its elements and water, river and sea were also discussed from the aspect of introduction. In the math book, there are 31 pictures of animals for teaching addition or subtraction, 30 pictures of flowers and plants, 18 pictures of fruits and 3 pictures of life in the village. In the books of the second grade of primary school, the situation is somewhat different. Because unlike the books of the first year, which mostly introduce animals, plants or single words, in the books of the second year, the child is faced with coherent texts that intend to convey a message. Names and images of animals, names of fruits, introducing elements of nature, referring to the beauty of nature and giving importance to green spaces are such. The general content of the second Farsi book, read and write, is similar to writing. Enjoying nature, pictures of nature, animal life in the forest, pictures of butterflies, ants or the relationship between flowers and butterflies, learning words related to nature such as mountain, sea and forest, taking care of trees, branches and flowers, helping Animals, description of water and its sound, description of rainbow and presenting an image of happiness of parents in the heart of nature next to a river are the general concepts presented in the book. Key sentences are mainly mentioned in the science book of the second year of primary school. At the beginning of the book, the introduction of animals and their habitats is illustrated, and in one section, the topics of land and soil are mentioned. The contents related to land and soil are somewhat compatible with the objectives of the "Children's Place in the Environment" curriculum. In the second grade book of Heavenly Gifts, nature is mentioned as a heavenly gift that children are happy to have. In this book, there are beautiful pictures of flowers and plants, trees, forests, insects, clouds, and the sky, which give students a good feeling.

In the reviewed books, the creation and strengthening of a supportive attitude towards the environment has been brought up in an emotional way, and the beauty of nature has been mentioned in several cases. While not much attention has been paid to how to deal with the environment, and environmental issues, how to deal with them, creating sensitivity towards the surrounding environment, increasing the skill of recognizing issues and participating in solving environmental issues are at a very low level. are located In general, it can be said that the goals of environmental education, such as creating sensitivity towards the environment, creating participation in the improvement and preservation of the environment, the ability to identify and solve environmental problems, have not been realized in these books, and only superficial content has been presented. Enough of the environment and its issues. However, awareness of the elements of the environment and nature has been addressed to some extent. But it seems that the introduction of elements of nature does not necessarily lead to correct behavior and dealing with nature, and the analyzed books do not have the ability to motivate and think critically among students.

, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the causes and factors influencing the migration of rural elites in Cherdavel City located in Ilam province. The statistical population of the present study includes all the elites living in rural areas in the central part of Cherdavel City, and 30 people have been selected and studied as a statistical sample. The tool used in this research includes a researcher-made questionnaire whose content (form) and structural validity and reliability were verified using composite reliability. Data analysis was done through correlation analysis and pattern finding of structural equations using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The preliminary results of the evaluation of the model studied in this research showed that the model has acceptable fit indices. The results of the correlation test showed a significant and negative relationship between the independent variables (natural factors, cultural-social factors, economic factors, service-welfare factors, scientific-educational factors, and psychological factors) with the desire to migrate among the rural elites studied in Cherdavel City of There is the province of Ilam. Also, the modeling of structural equations showed that they had the most influence on the dependent variable, respectively, economic factors (γ = -0.727, t = 42.75), scientific-educational factors (γ = -0.35, 06 t = 9.), natural factors (γ = 0.169, t = 5.6). In general, the independent variables studied have explained 75.6% of the changes in the variance of the migration tendency of the rural elite.

Consumerism and targeting welfare and material assets is one of the most serious issues in society. In addition to economic factors and effects, consumerism also has cultural and social causes and consequences. In a society where the slogan of shopping and consumption is more prevalent, consumerism will not be a necessity but as a means of distinguishing and as a symbol of social status. The current research has addressed the sociological determinants of consumer behavior by describing the types of consumption patterns among the citizens of Urmia. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection and its validity was estimated through face validity. The statistical population consisted of the citizens of Urmia who were selected by Cochran formula and 386 people were selected by stratified random sampling. The findings of the study show that functional or need-based consumption styles have the highest frequency compared to other consumption styles. Consumption style had a significant relationship with the variables of age, gender, individualism, media consumption and influence of others which explained about 29% of the variance of Urmia citizens' consumption style, but religiosity, legalism and cultural agreement didn, t have a significant relationship with consumption style.

One of the actions that the management of higher education centers need to achieve its predetermined goals is to pay attention to increasing organizational health indicators in the workplace. Organizational health, which means an organization's competitiveness, efficiency, and adaptability to internal and external dynamics and employee morale, is one of the determinants of organizational effectiveness. Therefore, paying attention to it is one of the basic and primary issues related to human resource management at the highest levels. Given the importance and sensitivity of the university's work in the human resources education needed by the community, the importance of investigating the organizational health of this dynamic and growing institution becomes more prominent. This study investigates organizational health and its components in relation to organizational culture and mental health variables of Tabriz University staff.

The research method was survey and the required data were collected using standard questionnaires of organizational health, organizational culture and mental health. In the present study, the validity of the questionnaire questions was estimated through face validity. The results of the reliability analysis of the research variables showed that Cronbach's alpha for the three variables of organizational health, organizational culture and mental health were 0.89, 0.97 and 0.92, respectively, indicating that the items of each The three variables have good internal coherence and high reliability. The statistical population of the study is staff of Tabriz University, 182 of who were selected by simple random sampling.

The results show that the average organizational health in the range of 80 to 189 is 142/64 which indicates that the organizational health of the employees is at an average level. Also among the seven dimensions of organizational health, the dimension of construction with 74.40 percent had the highest and the institutional unity dimension with 57.66 percent had the lowest average value. The results of hypotheses test also show that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational health and organizational culture and its dimensions (except for attentional bias) but organizational health is not significantly correlated with mental health variable and its dimensions. Testing the hypotheses related to the relationship between organizational health and demographical variables shows that organizational health of employees is not significantly different in terms of gender and marital status, and age and years of service and monthly income are not significantly related to organizational health. But Education level and employment status are variables that affect the average organizational health of employees. The regression analysis of organizational health show that the four variables of creativity and innovation, sustainability, attention, and attention to organization members account for about 63% of organizational health changes in Tabriz University.

Therefore, it can be said that organizational culture is one of the main determinants and the most important predictor of organizational health of Tabriz University staff.

Environmental interactions are influenced by factors that are created and reinforced during a person's socialization. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the causes affecting people's biological behaviors in the process of socialization, the experiences and skills they find in this field, the responsibilities they accept and the role of knowledge and awareness they acquire in the learning process. This research was conducted during the academic year of 2015-2016 at Tabriz University of Tabriz by survey method. The statistical population is the students of Tabriz University that 302 of whom have been selected by stratified sampling. The research findings show that the average environmental lifestyle in the range of 52 to 133 is equal to 99.59%, which shows Students' environmental lifestyles are abundant. Also, among the six dimensions of environmental lifestyle, public transportation using, has the lowest average, in the scale of the present study, compared to the average of other dimensions studied environmental lifestyle. The results of the hypothesis test also show that the positive and significant relationship between environmental lifestyle and social capital and its three dimensions including social trust, social cohesion and social participation, as well as cultural capital and its dimensions and environmental knowledge. The results of environmental lifestyle regression analysis show that the three variables of social participation, environmental knowledge and objective dimension of cultural capital in general explain about 19% variance of environmental lifestyle at Tabriz University students.

The harmful effects of human activities on the natural world have great public concern, as it leads to the formation of a new kind of citizenship under the ecological Citizenship. Ecological citizenship is built on the voluntary responsibility and committed citizens in connection with the natural world. In this study, the relationship between ecological citizenship and spiritual intelligence is using the survey method. Therefore, from the perspective of human ecology , New Ecological Paradigm and deep ecology is used. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes foreign research using exploratory factor analysis of its components have been identified and localization. The Population study is, citizens over 15 years in Tabriz are 670 of them using multi-stage cluster sample and sampling method were selected. The results show that ecological citizenship status of Tabriz citizens is in good condition and located in among options 4 and 5 in 6-item Likert. Also, among the 11 dimension of citizenship ecological, all aspects of medium to high average, but membership in environmental communities has been lowest. Also, the test results show, There is positive and significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and its components and ecological citizenship (r=.363). Regression analysis results also show that from four dimensions of spiritual intelligence, both the "holistic and faithfulness" and "moral individualities" could explain 27.5% of the variance related to their ecological citizenship.

With the development in technology and greater exploitation of nature and weakness in the implementation of ecological programs and projects, responsibility of human more interested in the world. Responsibility is the bond of Ecological citizenship and moral intelligence.
In this study, the relationship between ecological citizenship and mental intelligence is investigated using the survey method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes foreign research using exploratory factor analysis of its components have been identified and localization. The Population study is, citizens over 15 years in Tabriz are 670 of them using multi-stage cluster sample and sampling method were selected.
Findings: The results show that ecological citizenship status of Tabriz citizens is in good condition and located in among options 4 and 5 in 6-item Likert. Also, among the 11 dimension of citizenship ecological, all aspects of medium to high average, but membership in environmental communities has been lowest. Also, the test results show, There is positive and significant correlation between mental intelligence and its components and ecological citizenship. Regression analysis results also show that from four dimensions of mental intelligence, both the "responsibility" and "compassion" could explain 25.4% of the variance related to their ecological citizenship.
So, moral intelligence is as a factor that can have an effective role in predicting ecological citizenship behaviors.

Today, police crime prevention is one of the fundamental factors in strengthening security.  Security feeling is one of the most striking necessities of human being which results in growth and development. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the police crime prevention and security feeling among Tabriz citizens. The method of this study is survey and the population of it, is citizens of Tabriz in 2014. The findings show that, there is a positive relationship between the police crime prevention and security feeling among citizens of Tabriz. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between security feelings with each of the following variables: understanding the performance of police, responsibility and police interaction with government organizations. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that, the variables mentioned above, could explain 37% of variances of Tabriz citizens’ security feeling variable.

Qualitative research is consistent with the emerging postmodern theory، has seen extensive changes. Indeterminacy of knowledge، representations in the vast and use of mixed genres، lead to new horizons beyond those that have made a qualitative research design are crystallization opened. Providing meaningful puzzle، reflection of several contrasting approaches to understanding with the of mutually exclusive concepts together، including cases in which qualitative research can be found crystallization. Crystallization is a postmodern approach to qualitative research، that، featuring in-depth descriptions of the multiple genres، the method for integrating threads and patterns of life experiences. However، this paper aim is to outline a new approach to crystallization، and its use in connection with human phenomena to be explained in detail.

Organizational commitment is one of the important attitudinal issues, and reflects the degree of conformity and dedication to the organization. This survey research aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and job motivation among middle managers carried out by police in East Azerbaijan Province. The population is all of middle managers working in the police force of the province, 76 of them using Cochran formula through random sampling method were selected as research sample. To collect data author-made Questionnaire based on a standard questionnaire used by Allen and Meyer was used. The findings showed significant relationship between organizational commitment and job motivation (r=0.462), and the continued commitment and job motivation (r=0.35, whereas organizational commitment of managers have no significant association with managers degree, work place, work years. Also, there was a significant relationship between normative commitment and job motivation.

All people in different positions, is susceptable for orderlessness and deviant behavior, but what makes everyone think twice to deviant behaviors, is a form of social control. The present study aimed to assess the social control of marginalized area of Tabriz and its influencing factors through survey method. The population of the study was all residents of suburban areas in Tabriz, which 384 cases were selected using cluster sampling. Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Variables including, religion, cultural capital, economic capital, and age as the independent variable and social control variables as dependent variables considered in this study have been. Results showed that measures of religiosity, economic capital and social control have significant relationship with age, but there was no significant relationship between the variables of cultural capital and social control. Multiple regression analysis also showed that about 11% of the variability of dependent variable was explained via the independent variables such as economic capital, religiosity and age.

Cooperation and participation of individuals with the police in order to provide order requires satisfaction of citizens with Police Force. Police is one of the main factors in setting order and maintain it, and due to continuous interaction between citizens and the police, having satisfaction with the police is crucial for evaluating and improving police performance. In present survey research, the relationship between satisfaction with the performance of police and illegality was studied. The population of this research was students of Tabriz University from which 376 students were selected as the aprticipants by Cochran formula. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the variables of illegality and satisfaction of police performance were 89.0 and 89.0, respectively. The research findings showed that respondents' satisfaction with the performance of the police force was high. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the satisfaction of the police performance and the illegality. Thus, it can be said that the students who were more satisfied with the performance of the police force were the less illegal.

Social determinants of health is one of the topics that has attracted researcher's attention in recent decades, which is consistent with it, the public health, as one of the influencing factors to quality of life is taken into consideration. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of social well-being on quality of life among Meshginshahr PNU students with using survey method. In order to, A sample of 330 students of PNU Meshginshahr are selected by stratified sampling. For data collection, the Keyes social health questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, with 26-item scale (WHOQOL-BREF) is used. To analyze relationships between variables such as t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Research findings indicate that, There are a significant positive correlation between social health and quality of life of students (r=0/535, sig=0/000), and social heaith also significantly associated with the four dimensions of quality of life, ie, the dimensions of physical health, mental health, environmental health, social relationships health. Also, the student’s quality of life, on the type of residence had no significant difference, but the quality of life of students by gender, field of study and year of entry is no different. Also, there was no significant relationship between age and quality of life for students.

Body is a phenomenon not only biological، but social and cultural and today as signs of personal and cultural identity، that can be socially built so its construction and function are a state of social and cultural beliefs. Researchers believe that the body and culture do not exist apart from each other، and the embodiment of body goes to people`s culture and society in which live. General understanding of the body in a culture is a fundamental issue within the culture and society. In this study، the relationship between body management and cultural capital by survey and case study has been investigated. in this descriptive- analytic study، questionnaires have been used. Sample size، contains 235 Tabriz University students which have been selected by using stratified sampling. findings show that the rate of body management among students is average، and there is a positive and significant relationship between body management and cultural capital. Regression analysis results show that among the independent variables two variables have been identified. 18/1 percent of variance in body management (dependent variable) to explain. Cultural capital is one of the factors that explain body management among students، and increasing the cultural capital of students. it will lead to improving student''s body management

Michel Foucault is one of the contemporary interdisciplinary thinkers, who breadth and richness can be found in his works.  Because of the wide scope of his works, numerous and diverse interpretations of them have been provided which are analyzed from different points of views. Considering Foucault’s ideas and thoughts that based on the fusion of contemporary philosophical tradition, has led to a new theoretical synthesis. This paper examines various aspects of Foucault's ideas about structure and functionality, then trying to explore Foucault's viewpoints about integration of theoretical perspectives in the ages of the archeology and genealogy.

The purpose of study was to determine the relationship between attachment style and life expectancy in mothers of sons with educable intellectually disability.In this correlation study, all of mothers (N=127) whose sons were in special education in Shiraz were selected. Subjects completed adult attachment questionnaire (AAS) and scale of life expectancy (AHS). Data were analyzed by with Spearman correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance.Findings showed positive and significant (P<0.001) correlation between life expectancy and secured attachment style in mothers. There was also a negative and significant (P<0.001) correlation with unsecured (avoidant and ambivalent) attachment style. Life expectancy may improve in mothers with secured attachment style and decrease in those with unsecure (avoidant and ambivalent) attachment style.