sajjad saadat

This research aimed to translate and validate the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire (PMS-Cope). The present research was descriptive-correlational and validation in nature. The statistical population of this study consisted of female students of Azad University, South Tehran branch in 2023. A total of 250 people participated using the available sampling method. The research instruments included the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire (PMS-Cope; Kaiser et al., 2018) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1990). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of this questionnaire. The results of criterion validity showed that the premenstrual change coping questionnaire had a positive relationship with problem-oriented coping strategies (P<0.05) and a negative and significant relationship with emotion-oriented and avoidance coping strategies (P<0.05). Also, the results of reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and (test-retest reliability) for the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire were 0.82 and (0.78), respectively; also, based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the Premenstrual Change Coping Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability in the Iranian community and can be used as a research tool in psychological and clinical studies.

The purpose of this study was the investigate the relationship between family-organized cohesiveness and cyberbullying with the mediating role of emotional maturity and emotional self-awareness. The method of descriptive correlational research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of female high school students in Astara in 2023. Among them, 339 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The data were collected using for Family Organized Cohesiveness Scale (FOCS; Fisher et al, 1992), Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS, Singh & Bhargava, 1990), Cyberbullying Scale (CBS; Minesini et al, 2011) and Emotional-Awareness Quotient (EAQ-30; Rieffe et al, 2007). The proposed model was suitable. The results showed that the direct effect of family cohesion with cyberbullying, emotional self-awareness, and emotional maturity, as well as the direct effect of emotional self-awareness on cyberbullying and emotional maturity on cyberbullying, was significant (P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that emotional maturity and emotional self-awareness play a mediating role between family cohesion and cyberbullying (P<0.05).  overall, family cohesion had a direct effect on mediating the role of emotional maturity and emotional self-awareness in cyberbullying.

This study aimed to validate the Self-Critical Rumination Scale (SCRS) for a sample of Iranian university students. This descriptive-evaluative study translated and validated the Persian version of (SCRS) in a sample of Iranian students. A convenience sample of 307 students from the University of Tabriz was recruited for this study in 2023. To examine the test-retest reliability of SCRS, 50 participants were randomly selected to fill out this scale twice at an interval of two weeks. The Self-Critical Rumination Scale (SCRS), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21, Loviband & Loviband,1995), and the Short form of the self-compassion Scale (SCS-SF, Raes et al., 2011) were used in this study. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 1 factor was identified, which explains 55% of the total variance. The results of criterion validity showed that SCRS had a positive relationship with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress and a negative relationship with self-compassion (P<0.05); which respectively shows the convergent and divergent validity of this tool. According to Cronbach's alpha, results showed the favorable test-retest reliability (0.73) and internal consistency (0.90) of SCRS. Since SCRS exhibited acceptable validity and reliability in a sample of Iranian students, It is suggested that this scale be used to measure self-critical rumination in Iranian students.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, the mental status of nurses and other healthcare workers was strongly influenced by environmental conditions. 

This study aimed to determine the association between social support and resilience with the mediating role of self-efficacy in nurses working in public hospitals.

In this cross-sectional study, 220 nurses working in the educational and medical centers of Rasht City, Iran, in 2021 were recruited by simple random sampling. The general self-efficacy scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support questionnaire, and Connor and Davidson resilience scale were used to collect data. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to investigate the linear relationship of the variables. To evaluate the fit of the proposed model, the chi-square test, degrees of freedom, goodness of fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, comparative fit index, and root mean square error of approximation were calculated. Bootstrap test was used to investigate the role of self-efficacy in the middle of social support and resilience and to assess the direct effects of variables.  

The results showed that 201 women (91.4%) and 19 men (8.6%), with a mean age of 36±8.43 years, participated in this study. Moreover, 25.5% and 74.5% of participants worked in COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 wards, respectively. Data analysis using the Bootstrap test showed that self-efficacy mediated between social support and resilience (P=0.001). Also, the study findings have shown that the direct effects of social support on resilience are significant, with a path coefficient of 0.203 (P=0.004), so when social support increases, resilience increases, too. Also, in this research, the direct path of self-efficacy on resilience was significant with a path coefficient of 0.595 (P=0.001), so when self-efficacy increases, resilience increases, too.

Findings of this study have shown that nurses’ self-efficacy serves as a mediator in the relationship between social support and productivity. Empirical evidence suggests that individuals who receive greater social support exhibit heightened levels of self-efficacy.

This study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and aggression in adolescents. This descriptive-correlation study was based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was the female students of second secondary level in Rasht city in the second half of 2022. 250 people participated in a multi-stage cluster method from three public high schools for girls. For data collection, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein et al., 2003), Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss and Perry, 1992), and Reflective Performance Questionnaire (RFQ; Ha et al., 2013) were used. The results showed that the proposed model is a good fit. The results showed that the direct effect of traumatic childhood experiences with aggression, uncertainty, and certainty mentalization was significant, and the direct effect of uncertainty and certainty mentalization on aggression was significant (P<0.05). Other results showed that certainty and uncertainty mentalization play a mediating role between traumatic childhood experiences and aggression (P<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that traumatic childhood experiences directly and indirectly with the mediation of mentalization can affect the level of aggression in adolescence.

This study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of the Multidimensional Wellbeing in Youth Scale (MWYS) for a sample of Iranian adolescents. This descriptive-evaluative study translated and validated the Farsi version of the Multidimensional Wellbeing in Youth Scale (MWYS) in a sample of Iranian adolescents. The study population consisted of all adolescents aged 12-18 years living in Qom, Iran, in 2022-23, of whom 300 adolescents were selected as the sample through convenience sampling. To examine the test-retest reliability of MWYS, 50 participants were randomly selected to fill out this scale twice at an interval of two weeks. The Multidimensional Wellbeing in Youth Scale (MWYS, Green et al., 2023), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS, Diener et al., 1985), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen et al., 1983) were used in this study. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS and AMOS. Results showed the favorable test-retest reliability (0.77) and internal consistency (0.73) of MWYS, according to Cronbach’s alpha. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) also demonstrated that the five-factor measurement model was well fitted to the data after removing items 13, 14, 18, 30, and 33 (RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.91, X2/df=2.76). Also, the results showed that MWYS has favorable convergent and divergent validity. Since MWYS exhibited acceptable validity and reliability in a sample of Iranian adolescents, it is recommended to be used for measuring the well-being of Iranian adolescents.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between the quality of parent-child relationships and risky behaviors in male adolescents. The descriptive-correlational research method was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was all the male adolescents in the first and second year of public schools in Rasht in the academic year 1401-1402, 215 of whom were selected by non-random sampling method. The research tools were the Iranian Adolescent Risk Scale (IARS) by Alizadeh Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi (2007), the Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Scale (PCRS) by Mark et al. (1983) and the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (FMI-SF) by Walach et al (2006). The structural equation analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the direct effect of the quality of communication with parents on high-risk behaviors and mindfulness was significant; Other results showed that the direct effect of mindfulness on risky behaviors was significant (P<0.05). It was also found that the mediating role of mindfulness between the quality of father-mother relationships on high-risk behaviors was significant (P<0.05); In fact, the variable of mindfulness plays a partial mediating role between the quality of parent-child relationships and risky behaviors. The proposed research model had an acceptable fit. Based on this, it can be concluded that the quality of parent-child interaction can lead to an increase in self-awareness in teenagers, and as a result, it can be considered a protective factor against high-risk behaviors.

Self-efficacy and Believe in self can play an effective role in studentschr('39') academic achievement. The aim of this study was to predict academic self-efficacy based on the characteristics of dark personality and spiritual well-being.

A cross-sectional design was used for this study. This study was performed in the female student population in the dormitories of the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2017-18 (N=587). 300 people were selected random sampling method for inclusion in the study. To collect data, of  College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen and Spiritual Well-being Scale were used. Inferential analysis of data was done using Pearson correlation and Regression tests in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there was a significant and negative relationship between antisocial personality traits (r=-0.254, P<0.001) and Machiavelli (r=-0.138, P<0.05) with academic self-efficacy in students. However, there was no significant correlation between narcissistic personality trait and academic self-efficacy. Other results showed that academic self-efficacy had a positive and significant relationship with spiritual well-being (r=-0.291, P<0.001). The results of regression analysis showed that 0.14 of variance of academic self-efficacy can be explained based on spiritual well-being, dark personality trait and psychopathy personality trait (R2 =0.144, R=0.379, F= 24.96).

This study showed that Machiavellian and sociological traits with negative role and spiritual well-being have a positive effect on self-efficacy.

The COVID-19 virus epidemic has caused a major physical and psychological burden on nurses in Iran and around the world.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety and resilience in predicting occupational fatigue in nurses during the COVID ‐ 19 virus epidemic in Iran.

This cross-sectional online survey was conducted on the nurses of Razi and Porsina public hospitals in Rasht, north of Iran. A total of 160 nurses of were selected using simple random sampling method. Data were collected using the Swedish occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI), the corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS) and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC).

Participation rate was 87.5%. The score level of most nurses in CDAS was low to moderate. The CDAS score was higher in women and those who work in the COVID units than those who work in both the COVID and non-COVID units. The CD-RISC score was higher in married people than singles and in people with permanent employment status than in contract and temporary employment status. SOFI was positively correlated with CDAS and negatively correlated with CD-RISC; But CDAS and CD-RISC were not significantly related (p<0.05). In multivariate linear regression model. Anxiety was the only significant independent predictor of occupational fatigue (B=1.16, P<0.001).

Despite the COVID-19 epidemic crisis in the fourth wave and high mortality, anxiety level in nurses was low and moderate, which can be attributed to the COVID-19 vaccine. But the anxiety score still played an important role in occupational fatigue. It is suggested that appropriate interventions be developed and implemented to improve nurses' anxiety to stressful epidemic conditions of Covid-19 and thereafter.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being with the mediating role of resilience in people with migraine. The design of the research was descriptive kind of correlational study. The statistical population of this study was people suffering from migraine in Rasht city in 2022, whose approximate number is estimated to be 3000 people. In this research, 216 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FMI-SF) (Wallach et al., 2006), Riff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (RSPWB) (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) and Resilience Scale-Connor Davidson (CD-RISC) (Connor and Davidson, 2003). Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software versions 24 and structural equation modeling test. The proposed model had a good fit. The direct effects of mindfulness on resilience, mindfulness on psychological well-being and resilience on psychological well-being were significant; Also, the results showed that resilience played a mediating role between mindfulness and psychological well-being (P<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that resilience is one of the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being in people with migraine; Based on this, it is suggested to implement educational and therapeutic programs focused on mindfulness and resilience in order to improve the psychological well-being of these people.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common problem in women with migraines. Due to the importance of recognizing aspects of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the role of alexithymia and self-efficacy factors in predicting PMS.

This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on the statistical population of women with migraine referred to medical centers in Rasht in 2021. 160 women with migraines participated in convenience sampling methods from medical centers and responded to the Demographic Information Questionnaire, Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 21 (IBM Inc, New York, USA) statistical software.

The results showed that 59.6% of the women had PMS. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that PMS was negatively associated with self-efficacy (r=-0.28; p=0.001) and positively associated with alexithymia (r=0.22; P=0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the self-efficacy variable (β=-0.27) negatively predicts 11% of the changes in the PMS variable.

Self-efficacy and alexithymia are PMS-related factors; thus it is suggested that health care providers pay attention to the importance of these psychological factors in developing treatment plans.

Chronic pain is an emotional experience with unpleasant psychological consequences for individuals and society. This research aims to systematically review the psychological interventions implemented in people suffering from chronic pain.

Methods and Materials/Patients:

 In this systematic review, the following keywords were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases: Chronic pain, psychological interventions, psychotherapy, psychology, clinical trials, and randomized clinical trials. The time span for the search was from January 2018 to December 2022. From a total of 2785 articles, 20 articles by 2078 contributors were selected for this review.

Cognitive behavioral therapy ranks first among psychological interventions for people with chronic pain. Also, to improve the quality of life and psychological health of these individuals from other psychological interventions, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, the mindfulness.method has been used. This treatment has been effective in relieving pain, controlling pain, reducing stress and depression, and improving the quality of life. Using a randomized controlled trial design and follow-up were the strengths of these studies.

The findings suggest that psychological interventions had the greatest impact on pain relief, quality of life, depression, and stress, respectively. Accordingly, it is proposed to use psychological interventions in addition to medical treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the burnout, anxiety, and professional self-concept of nurses according to their demographic and occupational information. 160 nurses from Razi and Poursina hospitals in Iran were selected as a sample in this cross-sectional online survey and answered the tools Demographic and Occupational Information Questionnaire (DOIQ), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ). Data analysis was performed in two descriptive and inferential sections using SPSS-19 statistics software. The participation rate in this study was 87.5% (n=140). The mean age was 32.56 (SD=7.26) years. The burnout rate in emotional exhaustion (EE) was 24.3%, depersonalization (DP) was 32.1%, and personal accomplishment (PA) was 60.7%, 21.4% of nurses had high anxiety, and 53.6% had low NSCQ. EE score was higher in nurses with less than ten years of experience (t=2.21) and single people (t=-3.18). DP score was higher in people under 35 years (t=3.20), with work experience of fewer than ten years (t=4.34), and single people (t=-3.07). Females in PA reported more burnout (t=-2.43). CDAS score was higher in females (t=3.20). NSCQ score was higher in married people (t=-3.07). CDAS was positively correlated with EE and DP and negatively correlated with PA. NSCQ was negatively correlated with EE and DP and positively correlated with PA. At first, a high CDAS score and then celibacy, less than ten years of work experience, and a low NSCQ score were effective in multiple linear regression analysis for MBI-HSS.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had unpleasant consequences for health care providers, including medical stagers and intern students; due to the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to evaluate anxiety, resilience and burnout. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on stager and intern medical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht, Iran. Data were collected using a list containing Student Demographic Information, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBISS), Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI) and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.19 at the level of significance 0.05. High levels of burnout and anxiety were calculated to be 21.1 and 7%, respectively. Burnout score was higher in people with grade point average less than 17 (p=0.014); burnout score was also higher in males (p=0.009). Other results showed that COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher in females (p=0.029). The results of multivariate linear regression indicated that the variables including academic resilience (β=0.330) and COVID-19 anxiety (β=0.218) significantly explain 20% of the variance of burnout in students. Also, with the introduction of demographic variables, it was increased to 31% in which the share of gender variable (β=0.283) was significant in this model. Academic resilience, anxiety and gender had an effective role on the rate of student burnout. Accordingly, it is suggested that health care providers and psychologists pay attention to student empowerment by providing appropriate therapeutic interventions during and after the COVID-19 epidemic.

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic autoimmune diseases and a progressive disease of the central nervous system that have unknown causes.

This study aims to review the environmental risk factors of MS.

 In this review study, a search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and MagIran on related studies published in Persian and English from 2000 to 2021 using the keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, MS, Environmental risk factors, and Epidemiology.

 The studies showed that MS is an autoimmune disease with unknown genetic backgrounds. The age of 20-40 years, female gender, distance from the equator, migration, Epstein-Barr virus infection, smoking, air pollution, vitamin D deficiency, alcohol and coffee consumption, circadian disruption, and psychological factors are the environmental risk factors of MS.

 Given the environmental risk factors of MS, their control is potentially helpful in preventing the disease and its rapid progression. It is necessary for health care providers to pay attention to these risk factors.

Resilience refers to a protective factor that reduces stress in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Given the significance of this issue, the present research aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in PwMS.

The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of CD-RISC in the statistical population of Guilan MS Society (GMSS). In this study, 442 people with MS participated and responded to CD-RISC in an online survey. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 23) and Amos (version 21) software packages.

The confirmatory factor analysis results of the first stage with five factors revealed that 25 CD-RISC items benefited from high factor load and good fit indices were reported (ꭕ2=605.55; df=265; P-Value=.0001; ꭕ2/df=2.28; GFI=.88; CFI=.93; TLI=.92; RMR=.06; RMSEA=.05); therefore, CD-RISC has good construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the whole scale and subscales were calculated at 0.94 and 0.71-0.89, respectively, indicating the optimal reliability of CD-RISC in PwMS.

The current study presented evidence for CD-RISC validity and reliability. Further studies are recommended to ensure the psychometric properties of this scale in other chronic patients.

 Perfectionism has positive and negative aspects that can have different academic or individual consequences for college students.

 This study aims to investigate the perfectionism in general medicine interns and the role of demographic factors.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 general medicine interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2021 who were selected using a convenience sampling method and completed a demographic form and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used in SPSS v.19 software for data analysis.

 The participation rate was 84.5% (n=169). The maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism mean scores were 62.4±12.2 and 45.1±5.6, respectively. Students aged <25 years had higher scores in subscale of concern over mistakes (P=0.002). Male students had higher scores in parental expectations (P=0.002) and personal standards (P=0.044). Married students scored higher in parental expectations (P=0.031) and parental criticism (P=0.002) and lower scores in personal standards (P=0.002). Students with a history of physical illness had higher scores in personal standards (P=0.006) and lower scores in organization (P=0.045). In married students, more maladaptive perfectionism and less adaptive perfectionism were reported (P=0.018).

 Maladaptive perfectionism of general medicine interns is at moderate level while their adaptive perfectionism is at high level. Young age, gender and marital status affect their perfectionism.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered as one of the most prevalent chronic and progressive neurological diseases that has high simultaneity with some psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety; we examined depression and anxiety in people suffering from MS in this review study.

We conducted this study using a systematic review method relying on the search from January 2010 to December 2020 and also searched keywords of multiple sclerosis, MS, psychiatric issues, psychological disorders, psychological problems, anxiety, mental health, quality of life and depression in four online databases (PsycNET, PubMed and Scopus, Magiran). Ultimately, we selected 14 comprehensive papers that examined psychiatric disorders in patients with MS quantitatively and qualitatively to analyze them in order to achieved the wanted results.

A total of 14 studies was analyzed that included 27,106 patients with MS. The results achieved by the analytical studies explained that depression and anxiety are significantly higher in patients with MS compared to healthy people. The prevalence of depression and anxiety in MS patients has been reported to be heterogeneous.

Data related to a large number of patients with MS show a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in them, but it is possible that not separating the symptoms from the disorder be misleading. Consequently, it is recommended to conduct further research in order to precisely assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety as a disorder in these patients. It is required that future studies consider more the use of clinical interviews instead of self-reported questionnaires, sample selection methods, and providing a complete report of patients' demographic and clinical information.

Medical students, as part of the healthcare team, are directly exposed to challenging conditions during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study investigated COVID-19 anxiety, burnout, and academic achievement in stagers and interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences.

The present analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students and interns studying at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the 2020-2021 academic year. Of whom, 150 students participated in this study. Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) were used to measure anxiety and academic burnout of the students, respectively. Measuring students’ academic achievement was based on Grade Point Average (GPA). Data analysis was performed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and partial Spearman correlation Coefficient.

The participation rate in this study was 92%. The results showed that 6.5% of students had high anxiety, 18.8% reported high academic burnout, and 79% reported the average level of burnout score. Also, the participants’ GPA was 16.76±1.30. The academic burnout score was significantly higher in male students than female ones (t=-2.01; P=0.04). The GPA was significantly higher in students under 24 years old than in older students (t=4.71; P=0.01). The partial correlation coefficient adjusted for sex showed a positive and significant correlation between CDAS and MBI-SS (r=0.346; P<0.001).

The present study results showed that medical stagers and intern students had high academic burnout during the COVID-19 epidemic, and there was a weak and direct correlation between academic burnout and COVID-19 anxiety. Accordingly, to reduce the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic, appropriate therapeutic and educational interventions should be provided to empower stagers and intern students.

Chronic low Back Pain (CLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders with possible psychological consequences for the patients. This study aimed to review all evidence on the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving the mental status of people with CLBP and providing recommendations for future therapeutic interventions.

This systematic review was conducted on the articles published from January 2010 to December 2020. The keywords included “psychology”, “intervention”, “low back pain”, “chronic disease”, “quality of life”, “empowerment”, “psychotherapy”, “psychological interventions”, “clinical trials”, and “randomized clinical trials” in the indexing databases of Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Of the total 1740 articles found, 14 articles were selected for review.

The results showed that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and its combination therapies with mindfulness techniques played an influential role in improving psychological status and quality of life, and reducing pain perception in CLBP patients. The lack of RCT (randomized controlled trial) research and follow-up to assess long-term outcomes are the main limitations of the studies conducted in Iran.

It is recommended that psychological interventions be considered alongside medical therapies to improve CLBP patients’ adjustment to chronic condition and their quality of life. Researchers and therapists should consider treatment programs based on RCT plans and long-term follow-up.

The aim of this study was to compare eating behaviors in the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with recurrence of the disease in the past year and the control group.

This analytical cross-sectional study was a comparison that was performed in the statistical population of two groups of people with MS in Guilan Province in the second half of 2018. The first group consisted of people with MS with a recurrence of the disease in the past year and the second group of people with MS without a history of recurrence of the disease in the past year that were selected by matching the variables of age, sex and duration of the disease. In each of these groups, 104 people were employed as a sample in a targeted method from medical centers in Rasht. In order to collect data demographic information form and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire were used. Research data were analyzed by independent t-test using SPSS software version 16.

The results showed that among patients with MS with a history of recurrence and the control group there was a significant difference (P <0.05) in the variables of emotional eating (t = 3.03, P = 0.01), external stimuli (t=4.49, P=0.01) and inhibition in eating (t =3.81, P=0.01).

Inappropriate eating behaviors are one of the factors associated with recurrence and disease attacks in people with MS. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and nutritionists consider the role of eating behaviors in these individuals to reduce disease attacks.

The present study aimed to use the median nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude by stimulation at the palm instead of abductor pollicis brevis (APB) needle electromyography (EMG) for determining a sign of axonal loss in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods and Materials/Patients:

 This study was performed on 180 patients with CTS referred to Poursina Hospital at the Electrodiagnosis (EDX) Center in 2018-19. In this study, the APB needle EMG diagnostic test was used as the gold standard, and median nerve CMAP AMP with stimulation at the palm and wrist were used to compare the two nerve stimulation tests. 

All of the cases with abnormal amplitude loss detected by median nerve stimulation at the palm had also axonal loss in the needle EMG of APB, and this test could be a good indicator of AL if there is an abnormality (sensitivity: 73%, specificity: 100%). The results with wrist stimulation were not as accurate as the palm stimulation, and some cases with decreased CMAP amplitude of median nerve, had normal limits needle EMG of APB muscle (sensitivity: 86.6%, specificity: 94.9%). 

It was found that in cases with CTS, abnormally decreased amplitude of median nerve detected by stimulation at the palm could be a good indicator of axonal loss.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common and debilitating diseases of neurology at a young age. Previous studies have suggested that nutrition as an environmental factor plays an important role in the development of the disease and its relapse. Therefore, the study aimed to identify inappropriate diet in MS patients with relapses in the past year.

This study was conducted in a qualitative paradigm with a phenomenological approach. In this study, participated 15 people with MS and 5 specialists from Rasht city in 2019 year. Participants were selected by purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity, and the interviews were done by non-structure interviews to theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed using Attride-Stirling thematic analysis approach.

From the interviews, three global themes (1- eating behaviors, 2- self-regulation in eating behaviors, and 3- malnutrition) were identified. Organizing themes for eating behaviors included (eating ready meals and inappropriate cooking), self-regulation in eating behaviors (temptation, purpose, and meal management) and malnutrition included (insufficiencies and excesses).

The results of this study suggest that the diet of people with MS with a history of relapsing, in the field of nutritional behaviors, self-regulation and malnutrition has some deficiencies that their perceptions and experts have an effective role in relapse of the disease. Accordingly, it seems that further research and development of educational interventions to improve the diet of these people is necessary.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Guilan Province) and to compare the standardized prevalence by the factor of age in this province.

The study was a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2018 at the Guilan MS Society (GMSS) on people with multiple sclerosis and examined the 654 people with multiple sclerosis case. In this study, the trend of MS disease was examined from 2009 to 2019 and in order to investigate the rate of cumulative incidence of the disease, new cases were defined based on the date of diagnosis of the disease from the beginning of 2018. Data collection was performed using a checklist that was collected during the GMSS registration by a registrar in the form of a structured interview. Prevalence rate was compared between different subgroups using Chi-Square and Fisherchr('39')s exact tests. Field characteristics were described by using absolute and relative frequency indices or mean and standard deviation using Stata 13 and SPSS 19 statistical software.

The results showed that 71.4% of all patients were female. The mean age of the patients was 36.5 years and the highest frequency of MS was observed in the age group of 30-40. The MS patients lived in the urban were 81%. The highest initial manifestations of people with multiple sclerosis were reported in numbness or tingling, vision problems, weakness, other symptoms, and walking (Gait) difficulties, respectively. The highest prevalence of MS was in Lahijan and then Rasht and Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh citie.

From the results of this study, it is concluded that there is no significant difference between the prevalence rate in Guilan Province and the standardized rate with the age adjustment based on the WHO standard population, although no analytical comparison has been performed in this study.

 Stroke is one of the most important causes of disability-adjusted life years lost. Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased stroke-related morbidity and mortality.

 This study aimed to investigate in-hospital mortality rate caused by severe cases of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and its relationship with patients’ socioeconomic status.

This comparative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from April 2018 to March 2019 on 384 patients diagnosed with severe stroke admitted to the neurology department of Poursina Hospital in Rasht, Iran, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. They completed a demographic checklist and the Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS V. 21 software.

 It was reported a stroke death rate of 59.9%, of which 75.7% occurred in the hospital. Stroke-related mortality rate had a significant relationship with age (P=0.021), gender (P=0.047), not owning a home (P<0.001) and socioeconomic status (P<0.001).

 Some demographic factors including old age, male gender, not owning a home, and low socioeconomic status increase the risk of stroke-related mortality.