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Inroduction & Objective: Pollution is one of the main concerns of countries surrounding the Persian Gulf which receives a great deal of contaminations. This regard, Histological alterations of kidney in Achanthopagrus latus collected from Musa creek, were used to evaluate the effects of pollution on the aquatic organisms. In the present study, 50A. latus were collected fromFive sampling sites in Mussa creek including: 1. Petrochemical, 2. Gaafari, 3. Magidieh, 4. Ghazaleh ,5. Zangi. The kidney off is heswere fixed in Bouin‘s solution for 12 h. The samples were then studied based on the routine histological methods. Histopathological changes in the kidney of A.latus including Glomerular dilatation, reduction of urinary space, melanomacrophages aggregates, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular degeneration and necrosis.Histopathological alteration index was determined on the basis of frequency of pathological changes in kidney of fishes. The most amount of HAI for kidney of A.latus were observed at the Petrochemical station. The least amount of HAI was related to Zangi station. The results of present study showed that the histopathological alternations of kidney in Achantopagrus latus caused by the Musacreek contamination and there is close relation between amounts of this alterations and theenvironmental pollution.

Marine pollution is one of the main concerns of countries surrounding the Persian Gulf which receives a great deal of contaminations. In this regard, Histological alterations of kidney in Achanthopagrus latus collected from Musa creek were used to evaluate the effects of pollution on the aquatic organisms. In the present study, 50 A. latus were collected from Five sampling sites in Mussa creek including: 1. Petrochemical, 2. Gaafari, 3. Magidieh, 4. Ghazaleh, 5. Zangi. The kidney of fishes were fixed in Bouin‘s solution for 12 h. The samples were then studied based on the routine histological methods. Histopathological changes in the kidney of A. latus including Glomerular dilatation, reduction of urinary space, melanomacrophages aggregates, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular degeneration and necrosis. Histopathological alteration index was determined on the basis of frequency of pathological changes in kidney of fishes. The most amount of HAI for kidney of A. latus was observed at the Petrochemical station. The least amount of HAI was related to Zangi station. The results of present study showed that the histopathological alternations of kidney in Achantopagrus latus caused by the Musa creek contamination and there is close relation between amounts of this alterations and the environmental pollution.

In this paper comparative flow field analysis of two intake configuration i.e. Boundary Layer Diverter Intake and Diverterless Supersonic Intake is carried out based on dimensionless parameters under various flow conditions. Numerical analysis of aircraft intake is a complex phenomenon which involves both external and internal flow analysis. In this research, both external and internal flow characteristics of intake duct are analyzed in detail. A comprehensive mesh scheme is devised and implemented to accurately capture the flow behavior in external surrounding of intake duct and flow passing through the intake duct. The analysis is carried out at different flow conditions to analyze the flow behavior in subsonic and supersonic regimes. Engine design mass flow rate is used for accurate intake analysis and results are validated with available literature. Boundary layer diversion and pressure recovery are examined for each intake configuration and comparative analysis based on pressure recovery is carried out subsequently. The analysis reveals that at subsonic and transonic regimes, Boundary Layer Diverter intake is much more effective than Diverter less Supersonic Intake, however, in supersonic regime Diverter less Supersonic Intake is found be to more effective. The research can further help in modifying/ improving the design of an existing intake configuration for enhanced intake efficiency.

The hormones of pituitary-thyroid axis play an important role in the maintaining of the normal physiological status of the body in vertebrates. Therefore, disturbance in the function of this axis can affect other parts of the body. In the present study, 50 male and female Liza abu (45.51 ± 8.2g body weight and 16.25 ± 0.88cm body length) were collected from 5 stations in the Musa creek including: 1) Petrochemical 2) Ghanam 3) Zangi 4) Doragh and 5) Patil stations. 10 L. abu were also caught at Sajafi station (located in the Musa creek) as a control site. Bleeding was carried out and the blood plasma was separated. Then, the plasma levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraidothyronin (T4)) were measured using ELISA method. Tissue samples were also taken from thyroid and were fixed in the 15% formalin and prepared according routine histological process. The less and highest amounts of T3 and T4 hormones respectively were measured in the fish plasma from Patil station. The most histopathological changes (such as hemorrhage) were observed in the fish from Petrochemical station. The results of this study indicated the adverse effects of environmental pollution on the balance of thyroid hormones.

Fipronil is a relatively new insecticide in agriculture with health and environmental effects. This is the first report studying effect of fipronil on fish administered via intraperitoneal route. Intraperitoneal LD50 of fipronil in 16.3 g Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, fingerlings was determined using a total of 133 fish in 19 tanks (7 fish/tank) including one control and 6 treatment groups (300, 450, 550, 650, 750, 850 mg/kg). Fish were injected intraperitoneally and monitored at 96 h. The LD50 of fipronil was 632 mg/kg in Caspian kutum. Sub-lethal test doses of 10, 20, and 30% of the LD50 at 96 h were used to assess the effect of fipronil on the fish’s liver. The blood plasma of 90 fish were used (18 at each test dose and in controls) on days 7 and 14 for biochemistry. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the livers were obtained and histopathology done on the same days. Pyknosis, sinusoid dilation and vacuolization were common histological changes, and these changes became more severe in a time and dose dependent manner. This dependence was also observed for HSI and the liver biochemical test (alanine and aspartate transaminase). Liver histological alterations showed that fipronil can be a potential factor in liver carcinoma.

In this paper, free and forced vibration of single-walled carbon nanotube under moving nanoparticle are studied. To this end, Eringen’s nonlocal theory is applied to cylindrical shell equations with first order shear deformation effects. The SWCNT is assumed to be simply-supported at its ends. For validation of the theoretical results, the nanotube is simulated in the Ansys software for modal analysis. Comparison between the results of two methods shows good agreements. This means that the theoretical formulations are correct. In addition, the dynamic response of the SWCNT under moving nanoparticle is also studied. The C60 molecule is used as the nanoparticle to travel along the center of nanotube with constant velocity and the Van der Waals force between CNT and C60 molecule is considered. The CNT assumed to be lied on an elastic medium. The nonlocal effects applied to the foundation’s stiffness equations. The dynamic response of the SWCNT under the effect of C60 molecule are obtained using dynamic Green’s function and modal expansion. The obtained results show that nonlocal scale effect decreases the natural frequency and dynamic displacement of the CNT.

The hormones of pituitary-thyroid axis play an important role in the maintaining of the normal physiological status of the body in vertebrates. Therefore, disturbance in the function of this axis can affect other parts of the body. In the present study, 50 male and female Liza abu (with 45.51 ± 8.2 g body weight and 16.25 ± 0.88 cm body length) were collected from five stations in Musa creek including: 1) Petrochemical 2) Ghanam 3) Zangi 4) Doragh and 5) Patil stations. 10 L. abu were also caught at the Sajafi station (located in Musa creek) as a control site. Bleeding was carried out and the blood plasma was separated. Then, the plasma levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4)) were measured using ELISA method. Tissue samples were also taken from thyroid and were fixed in 15% formalin and prepared according to the routine histological process. The lowest and highest amounts of T3 and T4 hormones respectively, were measured in the fish plasma from Patil station. The most histopathological changes (such as hemorrhage) were observed in the fish from Petrochemical station. The results of this study indicated the adverse effects of environmental pollution on the balance of thyroid hormones.

Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency as well as a basic factor for normal bone growth. Increasing evidence indicates that the vitamin D contributes to normal glucose homeostasis and its deficiency is associated with impaired insulin secretion, as demonstrated in some reported studies. However, very limited studies and some even with conflicting results, have addressed the association between the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in circulation and the risk of gestational diabetes.
Objevtives: Investigating the association between vit D deficiency and gestational diabetese.
This case-control study was conducted on 157 women aged 15-50 years, referred to Rasht alzahra Hospital. Demographic data and medical history were collected. In doing so, for evaluation of gestational diabetes, glucose challenge test was done. Also, vitamin D level measurement was performed using Diasorin kit and CLIA method and the obtained results were analyzed by SPSS version 16.
The mean age of the normal group was 26.75± 4.96 and the mean age for those with gestational diabetese was 27.07± 5.73 .( p = 0.7) .BMI index was the same for both groups and the average vitamin D serum levels for normal and patient groups were 11.06±17.81 and 17.41±6.76 nmol/l , respectively. Using regression logistic model, we demonstrated that increasing vitamin D serum level can reduce the chance of gestational diabetese by 5%. OR=0.95 (CI=0.91-0.99)
In conclusion, gestational diabetese and vitamin D level seem to be negatively correlated. (P=0.002)

The aim of the present study was to develop an in vitro system for functional investigation of ovarian follicular cells in Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. Oocytes for the primary culture were obtained from the ovaries of a 6 years old Sterlet 729 g in weight and 47 cm in total length. The oocytes were in advanced vitellogenesis stage (PI >10). A part of the ovary (containing about 300 follicles) was removed, ovarian follicles isolated by manually removing those from the interstitial tissue and washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing antibiotics and Amphotericin B. Follicular cells were separated by treating oocytes with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA in Ca2 and Mg2 free PBS and cultured in medium L-15 supplemented with 20% FBS, streptomycin sulphate (Gibco, 100 mg.ml-1), penicillin G potassium (Gibco, 100 IU.ml-1) and Amphotericin B (Gibco, 2.5 mg.ml-1) at 22 °C. The concentrations of Testosterone (T), Estradiol-17β (E2), Progesterone (P4) and 17α-hydroxyprogestron (17αOHP) in the medium were measured at days 3, 5 & 7 by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. According to the results, the ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet proliferated in L-15 medium were steroidogenically active as expressed by the secretion of T, E2, P4 & 17αOHP. Testosterone was the dominant hormone secreted by cultivated follicular cells, which was correlated closely with the end of vitellogenesis in the isolated oocytes. Decrease in production of these hormones was greater at days 3 & 4 in comparison with those at days 5 & 6. By successfully culturing ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet in L-15 culture medium, an in vitro system was developed which enables functional studies to be carried out similar to the in vivo situation in the ovarian follicles.

Agriculture is amongst the hazardous activities with a high rate of occupational injuries. Safety training is proved to have positive effects on reduction of agricultural users’ occupational accidents. In this sense, agricultural experts and extension agents play an important role in safety training programs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate attitude of Agricultural Jihad Organization professionals toward safety.
This descriptive study was implemented by survey research design. The study population was 230 individual selected by Tackman's Table, using proportionate stratification sampling method from Agricultural Jihad Organization professionals in Khuzestan and Ilam provinces. A questionnaire validated by a panel of experts and its reliability within a pilot with Coronbach Alpha's coefficient (α=0.75), was used for data collection. Data were finally analyzed by SPSS software version 22.
The mean (SD) of safety attitude score was 4.04(0.77) out of 5, and overall attitude of 71.23 percent of the respondents toward agricultural safety were at "good" and "moderate" level. Of the components of expert's safety attitude "spending on safety is a worthwhile investment" and "the necessity of formulation of agricultural safety legislation by executers" had the first and second priority, respectively. There were significant differences in safety attitude considering gender and job tenure. However, no significant difference was observed regarding marital status, occupational group, and witnessing agricultural accidents. Furthermore, the association between safety attitude and "age" and "education" was positive and significant; but no significant correlation was found between number of educational courses and safety attitude.
Considering the importance of safety training, identifying the factors pertinent to agricultural expert's safety attitude would help safety experts to develop and implement strategies in order to reduce occupational accidents in this sector.

Anemia is one of the most common problems during pregnancy, whose maternal and fetal complications have been reported in many studies, most of which do not show any correlations and some at times were in contrast.
The present study aims to compare post-delivery maternal and fetal complications among anemic and non –anemic women who have been admitted to Al-Zahra hospital for delivery.
This study was conducted through a case-control analysis among 422 pregnant women who delivered their babies in the third trimester of their pregnancy. 211 cases of anemic women with HB The mean age was 28.80±6.68 yrs for anemic women and 28. 33.71yrs for the non-anemic. There was a significant difference between various levels of BMI among anemic and non-anemic women who had delivered a baby (p=0.029) but no significant statistical difference between the means of the two groups was observed (p=0.13). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of parity (P=0.55), pre-eclampsia(P=0.79), placenta abruption(P=0.72), preterm labor(P=0.25), neonatal Apgar score (P=0.44)¡ IUFD (P=0.12), IUGR(P=0.57),neonatal meconium excretion(P=0.23). The mean, the standard deviation, and the median of ferreting among anemic women were 44.68 ± 29.04 and 40, respectively and the mean and the standard deviation of TSH were 1.53±2. 16and its median was 2.
In this study, a significant association between maternal anemia and pregnancy and fetal complications was observed. The results could be due to the removal and treatment of people with hereditary anemia. Therefore, further studies considering different types of anemia are suggested.

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Ziziphora tenuioron dry matter digestibility, rumen microbial populations and blood parameters of sheep in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, chemical composition, gas production and dry matter degradation of Ziziphora tenuior was determined using three fistulated rams. In the second experiment, nine male lambs in a completely randomized design with three levels of zero, 25 and 50 grams per day for each animal were used. Dry matter digestibility by total collection method and acid insoluble ash (AIA) was calculated, and also microbial populations of anaerobic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria and coliforms by culture method were evaluated. The results showed that gas production rate was 23.7 ml in 200 g of dry matter and degradation rate was 0.074 ml per hour per 200 g dry matter. Degradability parameters including a, b, c, a b and effective degradability of DM in passage rate of 2, 5 and 8 percent were 32.2, 29.7, 0.03, 62.0, 49.83, 43.4 and 40.5, respectively. In the second experiment Ziziphora tenuior has no effect on dry matter digestibility of the diet with AIA, but different levels Ziziphora tenuiorincreased dry matter digestibility than control group by total collection method (P

Primary tissue culture, its applications and using this method for propagating of oocyte follicular cells were explained. Material and methods for isolating and culturing of follicular cells from Sterlet sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus in L-15 culture medium that complemented with FBS and antibiotics, evaluation of their propagation and steroids hormones secretion expressed. According to obtained results, cultivated follicular cells could be propagated and secret Testosterone (T), Estradiol-17&beta (E2) and Progesterone (P4) hormones in culture medium. In attention to obtained consequences from culturing of follicular cells in Sterlet sturgeon, Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labra and primary culture of oocytes in some fish such as Gold fish, Carassius auratus Medaka, Oryzias latipes Guppy, Poecilia reticulate Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas, Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, and a hybrid sturgeon, Bester, developing similar in vitro systems for ovarian follicular cells and oocytes in other fishes that will be useful to functional studies and serves a valuable tool in study on oocytes and follicular cells.

Rectal gland is an important organ for osmoregulation in the sharks، and has species-specific features which are dependent on fish size. In this investigation، 36 individual of Brown banded Bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium punctatum) were caught from Dervish''s Creek located at the northern of Persian Gulf in both autumn and spring seasons. After weighting، biometry، sex determination and the numbering of sharks، the rectal gland were removed and weight were measured and then immediately fixed in Bouin’s solution. Histological sections of 5 micrometers were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and then studied by using light microscope. The morphological results showed that about the size of the rectal gland، there was no significant difference between males and females (p>0. 05) but the smaller sharks have larger rectal glands in proportion to their body size comperated to larger sharks (p<0. 05). Also، it seems that the weight of rectal gland is not dependent upon sex and reproductive season. In addition، considering to the results of both seasons، we can conclude that the rectal gland weight of this species was independent of sex and breeding season. Microscopic results indicated that rectal gland had four structural regions: The capsule، outer parenchyma، inner parenchyma and central canal.

One of the most important problems in our educational system is the usage of traditional strategies in teaching English Language at schools and universities. The undesired educational quality and uninterested students to learn is due to teachers’ lack of knowledge regarding proper reading and comprehension teaching methods. The process-based teaching strategies such as task-based method are an acceptable approach for solving problems and inefficiency of the traditional methods of teaching English language. The present study evaluated the effect of task-based teaching on improving English reading and comprehension skills in midwifery students. In this single blind field trial study, 49 midwifery students (mean age 19±1) were classified into two groups: case group (24) and control group (25). Intervention group was educated through the task-based method and the controls through traditional (grammar translation) method for a semester. Both groups underwent pre and post exams. Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software version 18. Paired t-test, t-test and chi square test were used for data analysis. There was a significant relationship between students’ score in case group before (I6.16±1.54) and after (16.38 ± 1.75) intervention (p=0.0001). Similar significant difference was shown between scores of control group before (6.02 ± 1.97) and after (12.98 ± 1.91) teaching by traditional method (p = 0.0001). However, the improvement in the scores was significantly higher in the case group. Previous participation in English language courses improved exam scores in both groups (p=0.0001). In attention to positive effect of task based teaching method comparing traditional method on midwifery students’ reading and comprehension skills, it is suggested that teachers should use process based methods such as homework based method in teaching English language.

This study was done on the skin of 5 of 15 normal and mature female soleid fish with average weight of 790.4±170.41gr in reproductive season (September) from khoor Musa area. The fish were cached with gill net from mouse creek. In order to conduct a microscopical study, 0.5 cm thick samples were taken from different parts of the skin, including dorsal, lateral (on lateral line), ventral, head and tail. The samples were fixed in Bouin’s solution and 5-6 µm thick sections were made using routine paraffin embedding method and were stained by H&E, Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and PAS. The histochemical results showed that there are 2 types of mucous secreting cells (acidic and neutral) in epidermis of Soleid fish. The acidic mucous secreting cells were stained blue in AB staining and neutral mucous secreting cells were stained purple in PAS staining and they were recogonized from other cells easly. Histometrical results showed that the number and distribution of acidic mucous cells varied in different regions of skin, so that these cells were more in ventral region than dorsal and head (P<0.05) but there were no significant differences between the number of neutral cells in different regions of skin (P>0.05).

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) occurs in 8-10% of pregnancies at term and the long interval between premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and labor increase significant maternal and neonatal infections. The aim of this study is to compare two methods of oral misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin for labor induction in the women with PROM and unfavorable Bishop scores. 240 women with PROM, the gestational age higher than 36 weeks and unfavorable Bishop scores were randomly divided two groups: (group 1: 75µg of misoprostol every 4 hours with maximum of two doses plus ringer serum and group 2: 2 mIU/min of intravenous oxytocin and increased 2 mIU/min every 10 minutes plus placebo tablet). Misoprostol group was shorter in the time interval between vaginal deliveries compared with oxytocin group. The average of this interval for the misoprostol group was 11.02 hours comparing with 12.25 hours (P = 0.003) for the intravenous oxytocin group. In addition, the percentage of women with underwent cesarean delivery was also lower in the misoprostol group, having similar tachysystole and hyperstimulation side effects for both groups. Discussion & Inclusion: In women at term with PROM, oral misoprostol, comparing oxytocin, is a safe, economic and suitable alternative for inducing delivery.

The effects of four dietary fat sources were studied on growth performance, bacterial community and pH values in digesta of small intestine and cecum of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one d-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four experimental diets with 6 replicates per each. The four experimental diets were diet without fat (control diet), diet containing 6% beef tallow (BT), diet containing 6% sunflower oil (SO) and diet containing 6% fish oil (FO) and fed to chicks from 0-42 days of age. Our results showed that FO diets significantly increased weight gain of chicks compared to control or BT diets from 1 to 21 d of age (P=0.022). At the same age, the best feed conversion ratio was observed in chicks fed SO and FO diets as compared with chicks fed BT treatment (P=0.038). Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds were not significantly affected by dietary fat sources at the entire experimental period (1-42 d). The birds fed SO and FO diets, had higher counts of Lactobacillus spp. in small intestine and cecum digesta and lower counts of coliforms in cecal digesta as compared to birds fed BT diet (P<0.05). A significant decrease was also observed in pH of cecal digesta of birds fed FO diet (P=0.039) compared to those fed BT diet at 42 d of age. In conclusion, the dietary fats rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can improve growth performance, intestinal microflora and pH value in broiler chicks as compared with the dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids.

Seasonal changes of the thyroid gland structure and hormones secretion was examined in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) in the northwest of Persian Gulf (Musa creek). Thyroid gland composed of follicles scattered around the ventral aorta, near the gills. Follicular cells varied according to secretion of the gland during warm and cold seasons. Thyroid hormones (Triidothyronine [T3] and Thyroxine [T4]) were detected in the fish serum in levels ranged from 4.09-1.30 ng/mL for T3 and from 1.10-0.21 ng/mL for (T4) in the warm and cold seasons, respectively. The results showed that the height of thyroid epithelium and plasma concentration of thyroid hormones (thyroid activity) in A. latus increased significantly during spring and summer. The peak of these factors occurred in midsummer (August). Then, the thyroid activity decreased significantly during autumn and early winter from October to December according to decrease of temperature. T3 and T4 increased significantly from January to April.

Teeth are valuable sources of information for anthropological and paleontological studies due to the variation in their shape and size. Dental morphological characteristics are useful to provide information for phylogenic and genetic studies as well as understanding variation within and among species. The goal of this study was to determine variation of the Carabelli cusps within the 8-15 years old who referred to Dental School of Guilan University of medical sciences. In this research the stone models of 231 children (103boy and 128girl) aged 8-15 were evaluated to determine the frequency of Carabelli cusps. This research was based on Dahlberg scale that involves 8 scores. In order to analyze data, SPSS.v.11.5, and to report results, frequency tables and Chi Square test were used. Prevalence of Carabelli cusps was totally 85.7%. Most of them, according to grade 1 of Dahlberg scale, were assigned to the small vertical ridges. Distribution of this feature among boys and girls was equal and no significant differences were found between the sexes (p=0.658). This feature has significant presence in Iranian society. This variation in the population of our study was more likely to grade 1, with 27.7% in general of which 22.3% was devoted to men and 32% to women. Therefore, the probability that Gene or genes which cause traits, are located on sex chromosomes is faded, and we can conclude it may be inherited by autosomal chromosomes.

Vitellogenic stage carp ovaries were collected aseptically and the cells of ovarian follicles were dispersed by trypsin treatment and cultivated as monolayer. Control cultures were grown in medium M199 alone. Media for experimental cultures were supplemented either with 100 µl ml-1 of CPH and CPS-carp GnRH (cultivated pituitary cell secretion affected by 10-6, 10-8, 10-10 M carp GnRH). The direct effect of these factors on 17-α-Hydroxy progesterone (17α -OHP) and 17β-Estradiol (E2) secretion of isolated follicular cells in cell culture was assayed by appropriate Radioimmunoassay (RIA). According to the results the E2 was a main hormone secreted by cultivated carp granulosa and theca cells. Adding 100 µl ml-1of 10-6 M CPS-carp GnRH had no significant effect on cultivated granulosa and theca cells endocrine activity (P> 0.05). On the other hand, carp granulosa and theca cells treated with the lower contents of CPS-carp GnRH (10-8, 10 -10 M) showed a 4.02 and 3.74-fold increase in E2 concentration and 4.27 and 3.64-fold increase in 17α -OHP level, which was significantly higher than CPH (P< 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase of steroid secretion in group stimulated with 100 µl ml-1 of CPS and CPH, but there were no significant differences between them (P> 0.05).

Marine pollution is one of the main concerns of countries surrounding the Persian Gulf which receives a great deal of contaminations such as petroleum chemicals and heavy metals daily. In this regard, histological changes in gill were used as a biomarker to evaluate the health of the marine fish species Liza abu, collected from different sampling sites in Mussa creeks. In the present study, 50 L. abuwere collected from different sampling sites in Mussa creeks including: 1. Petrochemical, 2. Gaafari, 3. Magidieh, 4. Ghazaleh and 5. Zangi. The gills of fish were fixed in Bouin‘s solution for 12 h. Five-micrometer thick sections were obtained and were stained in hematoxylin/eosin for examination in light microscopy. Pathological changes in the gill of Liza abu species including hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the lamellar cells, oedema, lamellar fusion, increase of mucus and chloride cells. Histopathological alteration index was determined on the basis of frequency of pathological changes in gill species Liza abu. The most amount of HAI for gill were observed at the Petrochemical station (p

Recently، showy mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus) has been a major menace in the fragile ecosystems of oak forests in western part of the country. Loranthus has done symbiosis mainly with oak trees and it is not troublesome by itself، but a massive population of Loranthus species in the same tree can cause sever damage and death on the host trees. Ilam province forests occur in different climates and stands conditions and provide various ecological potentialities based on their locations and geographical situations. The present work tries to determine the ratio of Loranthus presence in Ilam province forest stands (Meyan tang) and to evaluate the present status of the tree stands. In this regard، taking into account topographic conditions and vegetation changes along with elevation increase، the randomized stochastic bandy method was used. To perform quantitative and qualitative study، twenty type bands were calculated. The distance of type bands with regard to their number was selected as 100 m. To carry down bands، a statistical network was designed in a way that the first band was randomly selected following 50 m pass and the next band was determined 100m apart. Results indicated that average number of parasitic plant in the sample in the directions of north compare to south and east differed significantly (five percent level). But average of this parameter between aspects of east and west did not show any significant difference. Oak and Crataegus were the most and least infected species respectively. Over 56% of the samples were infected and relative number of parasite occurrence was 2. 75 per infected tree. Results of one-way analysis of variance didn’t show any significant correlation between average number of parasites on the samples and different slopes.

Seismic site characterization studies are carried out in earthquake- prone areas. In these studies seismic design parameters are chosen based on engineering geological and geotechnical characteristics of the site. Site classification is addressed in various building codes. Codes define various methods for soil classification such as measurement of average shear wave velocity up to 30 meters depth. This paper present a part of the seismic geotechnical microzonation study of Shiraz city based on seismic data for soil classification. This method, measures the travel times of multiple elastic waves along the interface of layers having different velocities. In this study a seismograph with an array of 24 geophones and 3.75m intervals was used. The shear wave velocity distribution estimated for 3 different seismic layers. S ismic bedrock was defined as layer for which shear wave velocity is more than 750 m/s. Depth of seismic bedrock was estimated to vary about 1 to 29m.The average shear wave velocity up to depth of 30 m ranges about 375 to 1253m/s. Based on the results soil profile in Shiraz were classified and compared with the Standard No. 2800 and Eurocode-08. The result indicated that Shiraz city can be placed in “site class I” and “site class B, E and A” respectively.The study revealed that Standard No. 2800 site classification should be modified.

Earthquake struck Bam city on 12/26/2004. Seismic microzonation of Bam city started with the aim to determine engineering geological and geotechnical characteristic in order to reduce the future earthquake disasters. The seismic microzonation included geoelectric, geoseismic, geotechnic, seismotechtonic, hazard analysis and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Based on seismic results and Standard No. 2800, Bam city can be classified as "Site class I" and " II". Depth of the seismic bedrock throughout the city approximately is less than 30 m except some portion of central part. The subsurface geotechnical investigation was carried by continuous coring, ten types of soil were identified and their surface and subsurface distributions were mapped. Site response analysis was performed to determine various parameters such as peak acceleration, period corresponding to maximum resonance and coefficient of amplification for various return periods throughout the study area. Results indicated that Bam city can be divided in to four zones with different designed spectra. Some of the design spectra of Bam city were compared with Eurocode and Standard No. 2800.