salman ahmadi

Drought is one of the consequences of climate change that slowly and over a relatively long period of time affects climate, environment, agriculture, vegetation, water resources and even economic and social sectors. The serious outcome of drought is the reduction of vegetation cover. In this research, using MODIS sensor satellite images of 2001-2020 (20-year period) and CHIRPS monthly rainfall data in Hamedan province, to analyze the effect of drought on phenology parameters (maximum NDVI value, range, base values) NDVI vegetation index has been discussed. For this purpose, the phenology parameters of the NDVI vegetation index were first extracted through the TIMESAT software, next the changes of these parameters were analyzed in relation to the elevation data and the land cover map of the region, and the correlation and RMSE error between the phenology parameters and the elevation data of the region were estimated. Moreover, through CHIRPS raster rainfall data, the annual SPI index was calculated. The results obtained from the analysis of these parameters in different elevations and uses have shown that in 2008, the maximum value of NDVI and the range of NDVI vegetation index have decreased 2008 compared to other years. On the other hand, in 2019, these parameters had higher values compared to other years. In addition, among other phenological parameters, the parameter of base values with a correlation of 0.925 has the highest correlation with the elevation data of the region, and its RMSE is 0.021. Furthermore, through monthly rainfall data for the years 2001 to 2020, it has been shown that in 2008, the average annual rainfall was lower than in other years, and the value of the annual SPI index was -1.79. Therefore, in 2008, a moderate drought occurred in the region, and on the other hand, according to the average rainfall in the years 2007, 2018 to 2020 and the value of the SPI index, during these years, a very severe drought occurred in the region.

To date, various derivatives of thiazolidinone in a variety of cell lines have been investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and inhibitory effects of a thiazolidinone derivative called 5-(2,4-bis- 4-ethoxy-phenyl azo)-3-hydroxy-benzylidine)-2,4-thiazolidinone (TZD-OCH2CH3) on the expression of NF-кB in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines. Different concentrations of the MTT assay (0-120 μg/mL) were performed to estimate the biological rate of the cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TZD-OCH2CH3-treated RAW264.7 cells was found to be 115 μg/mL. To determine the inhibitory effect of the synthesized compound on the expression changes of NF-кB, the RAW264.7 cells were initially induced with LPS and then treated by 15, 30 and 60 μg/mL of TZD-OCH2CH3. Real- time PCR results confirmed a strong inhibitory effect of TZD-OCH2CH3 on the expression of NF- кB in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 48 μg/mL). Overall, these findings suggested that the derivative TZD- OCH2CH3 had a significant anti-inflammatory ef

The accuracy of retrieved LST from satellites is of great importance. Among different LST validation methods, a cross-calibration procedure is highly cost-effective and applicable. The Indian National Satellite-3D series (INSAT-3D) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) are two geostationary satellites that which provide LST products with high temporal resolution. Considering MODIS as the reference (polar orbit that is onboard Aqua and Terra satellites), the comparison of the LST products of these geostationary satellites was evaluated from 4th March to 1st September 2015. For this purpose mean LST ratios were calculated for both MODIS-Imager (from INSAT-D) and MODIS-SEVIRI. Then the behavior of their mean LST ratio was analyzed for the exciting four major land covers and five elevation classes in the study area. The results showed that Imager data underestimated and overestimated the LST in comparison to MODIS data during the day and night time respectively. The SEVIRI LSTs underestimated the LST in both day and night time in comparison with MODIS products. In order to model the discrepancies between MODIS-Imager and MODIS-SEVIRI, for each land cover a multilinear regression model was fitted based on slope, aspect, azimuth, and View Zenith Angle (VZA). The results showed that barren, Shrub, grass, and cereal crops had low RMSEs in model fitting, respectively.

The accuracy of retrieved LST from satellites is of great importance. Among different LST validation methods, a cross-calibration procedure is highly cost-effective and applicable. The Indian National Satellite-3D series (INSAT-3D) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) are two geostationary satellites that which provide LST products with high temporal resolution. Considering MODIS as the reference (polar orbit that is onboard Aqua and Terra satellites), the comparison of the LST products of these geostationary satellites was evaluated from 4th March to 1st September 2015. For this purpose mean LST ratios were calculated for both MODIS-Imager (from INSAT-D) and MODIS-SEVIRI. Then the behavior of their mean LST ratio was analyzed for the exciting four major land covers and five elevation classes in the study area. The results showed that Imager data underestimated and overestimated the LST in comparison to MODIS data during the day and night time respectively. The SEVIRI LSTs underestimated the LST in both day and night time in comparison with MODIS products. In order to model the discrepancies between MODIS-Imager and MODIS-SEVIRI, for each land cover a multilinear regression model was fitted based on slope, aspect, azimuth, and View Zenith Angle (VZA). The results showed that barren, Shrub, grass, and cereal crops had low RMSEs in model fitting, respectively.

Object grasping by robot fingers with purely rolling constraints is one of the most interesting issues under consideration by many researchers. In earlier studies, the main goal was the manipulation of object under purely rolling constraints to reach the final stable configuration. In this paper, in addition to deriving kinematic and dynamic equations of the system dual fingers robot and grasping semi-circular object located on a moving hand on the plane with rigid hemi-spherical fingertips under pure rolling constrained, we investigate object manipulation on desired path maintaining dynamics stability. Modified multiple impedance control is used for object manipulation and robot fingers by considering the required reforms in this control law. In this method multiple impedance control is performed by applying the desired behavior of the entire system, including moving base, fingers and object, and dynamics stability condition is satisfied. In this way power adjustment and that these forces arrive in the right place largely effective in minimizing slip is the fingers on the surface object. The results of simulations show the eligible object manipulation and dynamics stability by robot fingers and moving base under pure rolling grasp.

The temperature of the Earth's surface is a very important parameter in environmental studies, climate change, soil moisture content, Evapotranspiration and urban thermal islands at different scales. Currently, there is no perfect method for accurately measuring the temperature of the surface of the earth, but since high spectral resolution sensors prevent the vapor spectral absorption in the infrared bands, this Increases computational accuracy in determining vegetation index. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the surface temperature using satellite images of OLI and TIRS sensors of Landsat 8. In this research, the separate window algorithm has been used to calculate ground temperature. The algorithm uses spectral radiance and emissivity to calculate the surface temperature. To estimate the spectral radiance in Landsat 8, the bands of 10 and 11 have been used. Emissivity is also obtained by using the NDVI threshold technique by using the OLI bands 2, 3, 4 and 5. Also, In this paper the temperature is calculated by The algorithm has been calibrated and corrected by a two-dimensional projective mathematical model, which tried to bring the calculated temperature closer to the actual ground temperature. In the present paper, the RMSE value is equal to 0.3678°C and the correlation between Meteorological data and temperature estimated by the model is equal to 0.9791. Also, the performance of the model that used to estimate the Earth's surface temperature is equal to 0.9751.

Land subsidence occurs more slowly and gradually in comparison with other natural hazards, such as floods and earthquakes; therefore, it has received much less attention from human communities. However, the subsidence over time causes irreparable damage to the structure of underground aquifers, vital infrastructure such as roads, power lines, and urban structures. In this study, in order to monitor land subsidence in Chahardoli and Qorveh plains located in Hamadan and Kurdistan Provinces, the method of Permanent Scatterer (PS) was used using 59 images of Sentinel satellite in ascending passage and 58 images in descending passage. According to the average displacement of PSs in the region between Hassan Abad Emam and Ahutapeh villages of Asadabad city located in Chahardoli plain of Hamadan Province, displacement in the form of subsidence for Ahutapeh and Hassan Abad Emam villages respectively about -170 and -166 mm was happened in the time period of 2017-2018. Moreover, the research found that the subsidence in the northern part of Chahardoli plain in Hamadan Province is much more than the subsidence in the southern part of Chahardoli plain in Kurdistan Province. In order to find the cause of subsidence, the approach of examining the information of piezometric wells in the region and their changes over time was used. In this regard, it can be concluded that the land subsidence in Qorveh plain and Chahardoli plain of Hamadan and Kurdistan provinces can be attributed to the uncontrolled extraction of groundwater resources.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees' depression and the the eudaimonic well-being of employees, while examining the mediating role of intrinsic motivation, controlled extrinsic motivation, and amotivation.
 
The statistical population of the study was 189 employees of public organizations in Shiraz who were selected by convenience sampling method. The questionnaire contains 25 items with a 5-point Likert scale. In order to analyze the data, partial least squares and Smart PLS-2 software were used. To assess the validity and reliability, the convergent validity and Cronbach's alpha were used.
 
The results showed that depression has a negative and significant effect on the eudaimonic well-being of employees and the intrinsic motivation, but has a positive and significant effect on controlled extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Also, intrinsic motivation and controlled extrinsic motivation have a positive and significant effect on the eudaimonic well-being of employees. The mediating relationship between depression and eudaimonic well-being of employees was also confirmed by three variables of intrinsic motivation, controlled extrinsic motivation and amotivation.
Given that employees in the the public organizations need to have high physical and mental capacity, the existence of depression will reduce this ability and on the other hand it will underestimate the eudaimonic well-being of employees. When the employees are given the necessary motivation, well-being will create a higher level in them.

Wetlands are known as sensitive ecosystems, which today have high amounts of heavy metals due to increased population, and the releases of wastewater from different industrial activities such as agriculture, metallurgy, and petroleum refinery. Heavy metals can affect on the ecology of wetlands due to persistence and accumulation in the organisms. Bacteria are suitable adsorbent of metal ions due to well adaptability of them in the aquatic environment and high surface ratio to volume. In this study, Halomonas sp. bacteria used for evaluating the optimized pH, temperature, and salinity parameters, these bacteria were sampled and isolated from Miankaleh wetland in depth of 10-15 cm of surface water from 5 stations in October 2015. For determination of optimized pH, temperature and salinity for Cadmium adsorption experiment carried out for pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, and temperature 10, 20, 30, and 40°C and NaCl 5, 10, 20, 15 and 20%, respectively. Finally, the remained cadmium concentrations in the solutions were measured by Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results have shown that the best growth of this bacteria occurred on the 10% salinity and this bacteria was tolerant to 60 mg/l cadmium metal. Moreover, present study showed Halomonas sp. bacteria can be used as biosorbent for removal of cadmium metal from aquatic environments. Thus, these bacteria can be used for wastewater treatments containing high concentration of cadmium metal and also for recycling of this metal in different industries.

The previous studies of authors on passive micromixers indicated that the micromixers dividing the flow to several layers, such as rhombus micromixers and micromixers with obstacles in the middle of the mixing channel, have higher mixing degree than other types. Also, using of oscillatory inlet velocities is an active method to enhance the mixing efficiency of micromixers. Therefore, in this study these two passive and active methods have been combined and a rhombus micromixer with obstacles in the middle of the mixing channel has been studied. Sinusoidal oscillatory velocities in two inlets have been applied with a phase difference of 180 degrees. The governing equations have been solved numerically using the finite volume method. The effect of Reynolds number, Strouhal number and amplitude on mixing degree has been investigated. Results show that degree of mixing decreases with Reynolds number at almost all Strouhal numbers. There is an optimum Strouhal number for each Reynolds number. Also, there is optimum amplitude and this optimum value decreases as Reynolds number increases.

Glutathione S-transferases are one of the key enzymes in phase II of drug metabolism which play role in detoxification and oxidative stress metabolism in prokaryote and eukaryote cells, by binding reduced glutathione to the xenobiotics. Considering the importance of these enzymes in defying against pollution and in regard to the increasing amount of pollution in the Caspian Sea during recent years, a deeper knowledge about role and function of this enzyme as a key part of detoxification against the pollutants seems crucial. The goal of this study is identification and gene sequencing of glutathione S-transferase Mu in Rutilus frisii kutum. After RNA extraction from male fishes’ liver tissue, cDNA synthesis was the next step followed by PCR. Then the desired gene was inserted into vector pTZ57R/T followed by chemical transformation into E. coli DH5α competent cells. After plasmid extraction and gene sequencing, the partial GSTM sequence with 625 nucleotides was obtained. The nucleotide BLAST result shows more than 89% of identity with GSTM in other members of Cyprinidae that N-terminal region has a greater portion of this identity compared with C-terminal. The most abundant residue found in the GSTM sequence was lysine which has an important role in glutathione S-transferase structures. The GSTM nucleotide sequence was registered at the NCBI database with accession number KY211992.

  Breast cancer, as a multifactorial disease is the most frequent cancer among women and second most commonly diagnosed cancer in worldwide. Breast cancer is associated with mutations in several genes such as PIK3CA. Phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) is an important group of lipid kinases that regulate the vital cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, cell growth, motility, differentiation, and intracellular trafficking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of rs2230461 of PIK3CA gene with the incidence of breast cancer. A total of 198 healthy donors and 205 breast cancer patients were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by Triton X100 technique. Genotyping was performed using RFLP-PCR protocol. Chi-square test, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to determine associations. There were no significant differences observed regarding the PIK3CA genotype frequencies at codon 391 between patient and control groups (P = 0.17). However, by comparing stage III breast cancer patients and control groups, there was a significantly higher frequency of the GG genotype among stage III cases compared to control (P = 0.01). Although the PIK3CA I391M polymorphism has been located in the C2 domain and doesn’t involve in the binding site, it can affect the protein function. Since even those mutations that are far from the binding site can affect the protein function and change its dynamic behavior through allosteric impacts and lead to tumorigenesis at last. Since PIK3CA mutations mainly appear late in tumorigenesis, exactly before or coincident with invasion, and may be involved in tumor formation, it is suggested that this polymorphism may be involved in breast cancer invasion.

In the course of studying and reforming, the law of the method of implementing financial condemnation was discussed in parliament in 2014 and it was ratified by the Assembly of Recognizing the Benefit of the state after going through legal process. This thesis studied the mentioned law and contrasted it with juridical foundations and concluded that its benefits related to more attention to juridical foundations; cases such as differentiating debtors with regard to their previous record, reducing imprisonment, the method of offering binet, suggesting the ways of providing the backgrounds for employment, and so on. This study found some shortcomings of this law that relate to ignoring the predictions of jurisprudence for ending the struggle between debtors and creditors. These shortcomings include not forcing the debtor to work and make money, not considering a portion of charity to help poor debtors. Moreover, there were some ambiguities in the sentences of the law that were studied in this thesis. However, it was a very useful effort and attempt in reforming the previous law.

Object grasping by robot fingers with purely rolling constraints is one of the most interested issues under consideration by many researchers. In earlier studies, the main goal is the manipulation of object under purely rolling constraints to reach the final stable configuration. In this paper, we addition to derive kinematic and dynamic equations of the system dual fingers robot and grasp semicircular object on the horizontal plane with rigid hemi spherical fingertips under pure rolling constrained, we investigate object manipulation on desired path with keeping dynamics stability. In this way, we use modified multiple impedance control for object manipulation and robot fingers by considering the required reforms in this control law. In method multiple impedance control is made by applying to the desired behavior of the entire system, including fingers and object, dynamics stability condition is satisfied. In this way power adjustment and that these forces arrive in the right place largely effective in minimizing slip is the fingers on the surface object. The results of simulations shows the eligible object manipulation and dynamics stability by fingers robot under pure rolling grasp.

In the current research, the effectiveness of silver's Nano- particles anti- microbial activity on the pathogenic and resistant positive- gram and negative-gram bacteria in the hospital infections have been studied. In this study, the primary density of bacteria was constant and only Nano- particles and items of studied bacteria were variable.

At first, this study uses the available chemical reagents and conditions only apply controlling optimum conditions, nanoparticles with a size of about 20-35 nm were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Using Macro dilution method the different densities of silver Nano- particles and Zinc Nano- particles (medium+ Nano- particle) were prepared as: 0.01 percent, 0.1 percent, 0.5 percent, 1 percent and 1.5 percent. Then density of 1.5 cell/ml was prepared for Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa the containers which included treatment medium (bacterium + Nano- particle) and control medium have been placed in incubator shaker with 250 cycle in minute and 37˚C for 24h. after passing this time, light density 600 nm ware length was used for measuring bacteria density, then OD in treatment and + control and – control were determined. Nano- particles dilutions were used in bacteria medium for calibrating spectrophotometer as a blank solution.. These results are statistically significant. (P-value <0.01).

Statistical analysis about Zn Ag Nano- particles showed that in 0.5 percent density Nano- particles were bactericide and they could eliminate 100% of Staphylococcus aureusPseudomonasaeruginosa and in 0.01 percent density for all two bacteria, these Nano- particles were bacteriostatic.

in the laboratorial tests of Nano-Materials, contact with them, bacteria will be killed. The obtained results for Nano- particle's anti- bacteria property showed that there is a direct relationship between Nano- particles density and the amount of bacteriums elimination.

Consider the following consistent Sylvester tensor equation
X×1A×2B×3C=D,
where the matrices A,B,C and the tensor D are given and X is the unknown tensor. The current paper concerns with examining a simple and neat framework for accelerating the speed of convergence of the gradient-based iterative algorithm and its modified version for solving the mentioned Sylvester tensor equation without setting the restriction of the existence of a unique solution. Numerical experiments are reported which confirm the validity of the presented results.

Because of the low Reynolds numbers in microchannels، using of micromixers to improve the flow mixing is essential. Therefore، in this study mixing in nine different micromixer geometries، such as: simple T-shaped micromixer، micromixer with rectangular or parallelogram ribs on the walls of the mixing channel، T-shaped micromixer with two additional parallel or perpendicular inlet channels، micromixer with circular or triangular barriers in the middle of the mixing channel، rhombus micromixer with thick or thin edges، has been investigated. Sinusoidal oscillatory velocity with a phase difference of 180 degrees relative to each other has been applied to channels inlet. The governing equations have been solved numerically using the finite volume method. For all geometries time variation of mixing degree at microchannel outlet and the variation of mixing degree along the channel length have been computed. Results show that for micromixers، which divide the flow to several layers such as rhombus micromixers، mixing degree is high and the micromixers with ribs on the walls have lower mixing degrees. Also، there is an optimum frequency at constant average velocity in which the mixing degree has its highest value.

One of the largest number court cases, related to financial liabilities in the courts. “The law of the executing financial sentencing” performance way, the responsibility of insolvency proof is related to the debtor and he sees no difference between the sources of debt. According to this article, ignoring the history of the debt owed is the defectness cases of this law. So with this question that who is responsible for the burden of insolvency proof in debts of non acquainted to the financial? It Tryiedto prove with legal reasons that the insolvent debtor is not responsible. And therefore, according to these reasons, the law departments should consider the history of religion in the burden of proof on the parties included. Another issue that was addressed in this paper is the acceptance of financial responsibility and its affect on rich or poor debtor.The result is that the acceptance of financial responsibility without receiving any financial is not the reason for being rich of the debtor.