samaneh sohrabi

The health sectors in developing countries are facing challenges such as rising of costs and diminishing resources. Therefore, outsourcing appears to be an effective solution. Considering that Iran is confronted with challenges such as the lack of a strong private sector, lack of managerial skills in contract negotiation, and weak supervision, it is essential to have supervision, success indicators, and results dissemination for the successful implementation of outsourcing in hospitals and healthcare organizations. The aim of this study was to examine outsourced imaging units and pharmacies affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences using economic indicators, accessibility, and quality.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2021. The research population included all imaging centers and outsourced pharmacies affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Initially, a format was designed in the intelligent hospital information management system for the outsourced units. Then, the units completed and extracted the data. The data included economic indicators, access to services, and service quality for all outsourced imaging centers and pharmacies from 2009 to 2020. The results were reported using descriptive statistics.

Based on the results of this study, in all indicators, only two teaching hospital (the Imam Hussein Hospital's imaging unit and Loghman Hospital's pharmacy) showed satisfactory results. For all other centers the results were not satisfactory.

In this study, all outsourced units had average or, in some cases, weak service quality based on indicators examined. The findings suggest continuous evaluation and assessment of outsourced units are necessary and a decision should be made for outsource centers affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in order to improve service delivery.

Organizing the rapid response team is one of the strategic mechanisms that have been used to control the COVID-19 epidemic. This study aimed to compare the COVID-19 epidemic control before and after the implementation of rapid response program in southeast Iran.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Sistan and Baluchestan province in summer of 2021. The rapid response team has been settled in the region for 3 weeks since 3 July, and rapid response program including mass vaccination with a community-based approach has been implemented in catchment populations of three universities of medical sciences including Zaheadn, Iranshahr and Zabon. Data were collected from June 5, until September 23, 2021 and analyzed using descriptive statistics in Excel software.

During the study period, a total of 2,514,911 people were admitted and 2,125,389 people (84.5%) were discharged. 58,441 (2.3%) of the cases were hospitalized. The total number of tests taken during the study period was 310,741 (111,978 tests per million population). This rate decreased about 15% after the implementation (36% versus 21.7%). The total number of positive death cases was estimated at 0.9 per 1000 population. After the implementation, the mean number of hospitalized cases (59 patients per day), the mean difference of positive laboratory cases (400 cases per day), and the mean difference in the number of deaths (confirmed cases) decreased to eight cases per day.

The findings showed that the implementation of rapid response program with community-based approach in was successful in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic.

The present study was designed to investigate the factors affecting the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management. The method studied in this research was an exploratory type that was performed in the field. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes academic experts and the quantitative section includes the managers of selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The tools used in this study included interviews and questionnaires. The statistical method included structural equations with partial least squares method. The results of the qualitative section showed that a total of 22 sub-items were classified into 5 categories: leadership factors, job factors, information infrastructure, educational issues and supervisory aspects. The results of the quantitative section also showed that these factors played an important role in the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management. The critical nature of the Covid-19 virus has also led to the importance of human capital, various aspects in order to create the initial basis for the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management.The critical nature of the Covid-19 virus has also led to the importance of human capital, various aspects in order to create the initial basis for the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management.

This study quantified and compared the economic value of ecosystem services in three agricultural systems (conventional, healthy food production, greenhouses) in Dezful county, Khuzestan province, Iran. This quantification was based on an experimental and field method from Sandhu et al., 2008. Accordingly, the yield of agricultural products was determined through market price, and for other services, non-market valuation methods were used. The results showed that the greenhouses systems with an average of 621 million Rials / hectare / year had highest the economic value of ecosystem services. However, more than half of amount of reported rate (425 million Rials/ ha/ year) was the market services and provisioning value of these agricultural systems which compatible with the production-driven approach in industrial agriculture. The highest non-market services are valued at the healthy production system (226 million Rials/ hectare/ year), which is greater than the total amount of production (157 million Rials/ hectare / year). The major portion of the value is gained by the role of this f system in job creation which is mostly ignored in the comparative assessments of agarin systems. This system also has the highest value for services of water and soil protection. Generally, healthy production systems obtained the second highest value after industrial greenhouses systems in terms of entire evaluated ecosystem services. Citrus gardens also have the highest non-market ecosystem services in both of the healthy and conventional systems (244 and 247 million Rials/ ha/ year, respectively). At the end, developing a multifunctional agriculture approach was recommended to optimize ecosystem services through policies and institutions that facilitate multifunctional agriculture be strengthened.

A trial study was carried out to assess the influence of the plant residue management in conjuction with application of different nitrogen sources on wheat yield and components، at the Agricultural Faculty of ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz during 2011-2012. The experimental design was splitplot at randomized completed block design arrangement. The main plot were different wheat residue management at three levels (residue moving، residue incorporated to the soil and burning) and the subplot were different nitrogen resources (control، 75 & 150 kg/ha urea، Supernitroplus biological fertilizer) SNBF and 75 kg/ha urea fertilizer+ SNBF. The result showed that the plant residues are able to improve the wheat yield and components. Whereas، in most traits، the residue burning increased and the residue moving deceased the most trait. The residue incorporated to the soil was the intermediate treatment. Although residue incorporated to the soil had the highest 1000seed weight and harvest index and it had negative effect on biological yield. The highest grain yield (6. 6 tone/ha) and the lowest (2. 6 tone/ha) were obtained at Supernitroplus and residue removing treatment. Biological fertilizer application had negative effect and in most traits there was no significant different between biological fertilizer and no nitrogen application (Control). Whereas the application of biological fertilizer in combined with chemical fertilizer had positive effect and the highest seed number in spike and 1000 seeds was found at biological fertilizer in combined with chemical fertilizer.