sepideh amiri

Diagnosis of musculoskeletal abnormalities is critical because of the large number of people affected by these disorders worldwide. The recent advances in deep learning techniques show that convolutional neural networks can be a useful tool for the computer-aided detection of radiographic abnormalities. This study focuses on diagnosing musculoskeletal abnormalities in the lower extremities using X-Ray images by deep architecture neural networks.

The dataset contains 61,098 musculoskeletal radiographic images, including 42,658 normal and 18,440 abnormal images. Each image belongs to a single type of lower extremity radiography, including the toe, foot, ankle, leg, knee, femur, and hip joints, which were prepared with standard projection without artifacts and with high quality. A novel deep neural network architecture is proposed with two different scenarios that perform the lower extremity lesion diagnosis functions with high accuracy. The foundation of the proposed method is a deep learning framework based on the Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The model with the best results incorporated the Mask R-CNN algorithm to produce the bounding box, followed by the CNN algorithm to detect the class based on that.

The proposed model can identify different types of lower limb lesions by an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve 0.925 with an operating point of 0.859 of sensitivity and a specificity of 0.893.

The results indicated that the consecutive implementation of Mask R-CNN and CNN has a higher efficiency than Mask R-CNN and CNN separately in lesion detection of lower limb X-ray images.

Due to the drought in the country and the indiscriminate use of groundwater resources in the agricultural sector, the installation of smart water gauge for optimal use of water wells in the Mahidasht plain seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of smart water gauge among farmers in Mahidasht plain.

In this research, a survey method has been used. 185 farmers were selected using random cluster sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content method and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics analysis was performed with SPSS and AMOS statistical software.

The results of path analysis showed that the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude towards using smart water gauge have a positive and significant effect on the tendency to use meters. The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between contextual factors, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Based on the overall results, farmers' attitudes have had the greatest impact on the willingness to use smart water gauge and thus its acceptance, so it seems necessary to change farmers' attitudes about the role of smart water gauge. To this end, farmers' relationships and interactions with exemplary farmers and agricultural extension and service centers can be effective. The results of the research have confirmed the necessity of using technology acceptance models in introducing water-based technologies to farmers.

Goldone/Goldones depicted in Ismail Khalaj's play "Ms. Goldone" - which is one of the most important works produced in the Iranian play workshop (1969-1979) - have a capacity for multiple interpretations. Because, they are embodied not in a single, but in multiple bodily forms. The method that ultimately leads to its semantic breadth. Hence, this work opens the door to various interpretations and readings for the audience. An opening that regains its cohesion as Goldone becomes the center of weightiness. That is, Goldone both opens the door and somehow escapes its breadth; because it is the central point and connecting link of the components.With these explanations, in the present study, three readings of Goldone's idea – an idea, not a person - will be considered; One based on "language", the other with the centrality of "space" and finally with the focus on the "body" of Goldone. Selection of these three aspects has been inductive. In other words, the choice is based on the direct encounter with the play and based on the noticeable use of the author of these three aspects; and not based on a primary assumption and framework. It starts with the specifics to get to the general pattern. This is because it is in this way that we will be able to find an analysis commensurate with the coordinates associated with this particular work. Therefore, the main method of research formulation is inductive content analysis, and in terms of advancing the analysis, also descriptive-analytical method will be used.Results pointed out that despite the apparent multiplicity of Goldones, they share some similar criteria that connected them. In each language, nostalgia is somehow visible. The past instills the idea of ​​morality and felicity in the character's presents. In the reading of space, all four show signs of the former ideal space that is now collapsing. The space is currently declining in the face of industrial and developed life. The analysis of the body also showed that the Goldones eventually embodied in the form of a common body named Zari. Zari's final movements, in the best possible manner, reveal the news of the disappearance and ruination of Goldone beyond a person. The moment of death and destruction of a collective idea. An idea which was embodied on the stage in the form of a female body.

The concept of "body" goes beyond a set of organs and functions that are regulated by the laws of anatomy and physiology. The body, above all, has a symbolic structure that provides a medium for the projection of cultural forms in their broadest forms. In this study, examples of this assumption will be followed in the study of plays produced in the Iranian dramatic literature of the Sixties and Seventies. An era that was accompanied by fundamental changes. In the mid-1970s, two-thirds of the country's population was young people under the age of 30. The country's education system also grew slightly to threefold. Influenced by the "post-colonial" discourse that flourished after World War II, this broad class at one point turned to the leftism; And turned to jihad in opposition to the regime of the time. The objection manifested in the literary / artistic productions - which are considered works in praise of the mass uprising -. This resistance is manifested in different levels of works; Among these, the "body" will be considered in the present study. Among the works of Art/Literary, an outstanding play by Gholam-Hossein Saedi, “Chub be Dast-haye Varsail” will be analyzed. In order to analyze the various aspects of the "body" in this play, first of all "gender; Appearance" is considered. In the next part, "body movements", and after that, "body stillness and creating illusion and imagination of movement" and its implications will be discussed. Finally, we will consider a topic that is specific to this play. the unique aspect of ‘body’, which has shown itself in the "Metamorphosis of the body”. Results indicate that the process of emphasis on the certain dimensions of body, helped the writer to alienate some characters. This process is possible by usage of the body's capabilities, for example by transforming shape of the body towards the animal figure.

Thyroid cancer is common worldwide with a rapid increase in prevalence across North America in recent years. While most patients present with palpable nodules through physical examination, a large number of small and medium-sized nodules are detected by ultrasound examination. Suspicious nodules are then sent for biopsy through fine needle aspiration to determine whether the nodule is malignant. Since biopsies are invasive and sometimes inconclusive, various research groups have tried to develop computer-aided diagnosis systems aimed at characterizing thyroid nodules based on ultrasound scans. Earlier approaches along these lines relied on clinically relevant features that were manually identified by radiologists. With the recent success of Artificial Intelligence (AI), various new methods using deep learning are being developed to identify these features in thyroid ultrasound automatically. In this paper, we present a systematic review of state-of-the-art on Artificial Intelligence (AI) application in sonographic diagnosis of thyroid cancer. This review follows a methodology-based classification of the different techniques available for thyroid cancer diagnosis, from methods using feature-based models to the most recent deep learning-based approaches. In this review, we reflect on the trends and challenges of the field of sonographic diagnosis of thyroid malignancies and potential of computer-aided diagnosis to increase the impact of ultrasound applications on the future of thyroid cancer diagnosis. Machine learning will continue to play a fundamental role in the development of future thyroid cancer diagnosis frameworks.

Veterans with chronic spinal cord injury usually have various comorbidities. They are, therefore, visited by different doctors and use different medications. It is necessary to monitor the health of these veterans. One of the important issues in this regard is the attention to drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the drugs used and their interactions.

This descriptive study of the cross-sectional studies was carried out retrospectively in 2015 under the Shefa Neuroscience Research Center’s supervision, examining the medical records of veterans with spinal cord injury participating in the health screening program at Khatam Alanbiya hospital in Tehran. Demographic data, comorbidities, used drugs, and the level of involvement collected. According to the FDA, drug interactions among the drugs used for each patient has evaluated and classified into three severe, moderate, and weak groups. SPSS v. 21 analyzed data.

The study population consisted of 404 men, ranging in age from 41 to 74, with a mean of 51.6 ± 6.4 years. One hundred forty-two of them (35.1%) had a complete injury, and 262 veterans (64.8%) had an incomplete injury. Only 17 veterans (4.2%) had no drug interactions. The number of drug interactions varied from 1 to 38, with an average of 5.9 ± 12.8 interactions per patient. The total number of interactions was 2856, of which 32.5% were weak, 55.3% moderate, and 12.2% severe, with a 95% confidence interval. Among the severe drug interactions in the study, the highest number belonged to the antidepressant drugs.

This study highlights the necessity of developing a strategy for investigating and preventing drug interactions in veterans with chronic spinal cord injury. It has recommended that physicians pay more attention to other medications used by the patient and prescribe as little as possible of the drug and the drug with the least number of interactions

Anxiety disorders, depression, and dementia are common in elderly, which may overlap in various neurological disorders. Stress can be a risk factor for long-term depression. It also suggests that depression plays a role in developing dementia. Amnesia is the most problem in dementia. Is amnesia a risk factor for depression? Considering the common underlying mechanisms for causing these disorders, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of amnesia in developing depression.

Forty-eight wistar rats were divided into two main groups (sham-A and intervention-B) and four subgroups (Control-C, Chronic mild stress-D, hypoperfusion without stress-E, hypoperfusion with Mild stress-F). Permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid artery was performed to induce cerebral hypoperfusion. Radial arm maze test and chronic unpredictable mild stress were used to evaluate amnesia and depression, respectively. Forced swim test was performed to assess severity of depression and finally we used neuronal count for evaluating cellular degeneration in the CA1 hippocampus region.

Cerebral hypoperfusion causes amnesia and significantly reduced the mean number of cells in the hippocampal CA1 area. Cerebral hypoperfusion and stress significantly increased the incidence of depression-like behavior.

Amnesia caused by cerebral hypoperfusion can increase the risk of depression, especially under stressful situations.

Results and Lasers are useful for soft tissue surgery in modern dentistry, especially in relation to pediatric patients due to the rapid and regular wound healing without sutures. Epulis granulomatosa is a lesion which grows from an extraction socket. It can be misdiagnosed with lesions of the same clinical appearance such as: foreign body or pyogenic granuloma, or as a herniation of the maxillary sinus. The most common treatment is surgical excision. Case report: The present article reports an Epulis granulomatosa which was removed with diode laser (810 nm) due to child’s fear related to traditional surgical instruments and bleeding.

Spreading depression (SD) is a pathophysiologic phenomenon followed by a transient reduction in neuronal activity. Several studies indicate that SD plays a role in some neurological disorders. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of SD on the expression of GABA Aα receptors in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus.
Animals were randomly classified into three control, sham, and experimental groups. Animals were anesthetized and during the stereotaxic surgery, recording electrodes and the injection cannula were implanted over the cortex. In the experimental group, KCl solution was injected four times once a week into the neocortex to induce repetitive SD. In sham group Ringer solution was injected and control group received no intervention. At the end of this stage, the animals were perfused and the brains were removed. Consequently, histological examination of the brains and immunohistochemical staining method were used to investigate the mean number of dark neurons as well as the expression of GABA Aα receptors and GAD65 enzyme.
The mean number of dark neurons significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the sham and control groups. Expression of GABA Aα receptors and GAD65 enzyme in mesencephalic trigeminal region decreased significantly after SD in the experimental group compared to the other groups.
Our findings indicate that SD modulates inhibitory receptors in mesencephalic trigeminal region. This may be important in treatment of cephalalgia.

There are some reports on the antiepileptic effects of genus Ferula in the traditional Persian medicine. Due to the side effects of common antiepileptic drugs, effective compounds with fewer side effects are needed. The present study examined the anticonvulsive effects of the methanol extract of Ferula in seizures induced by maximum electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in mice.
Thirty minutes before the induction of seizures, sixty mice were divided into six groups group I: solvent (10 mg/kg control group), group II: ethosuximide (150 mg/kg as positive control group for PTZ), group III: phenytoin (25 mg/kg as positive control group for MES) and the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups: the methanol extract of Ferula (100, 250, 500 mg/kg).
The methanol extract of Ferula did not inhibit the occurrence of seizures induced by PTZ and MES, but significantly increased the latency time in the PTZ model.
It seems that the methanol extract of Ferula has different effects in various models of seizures and further investigation is needed.