seyed e. brahim arman

The study of the contemporary Arabic and Persian novels from the view point of the modern critic theories has special importance and strengthening such critical-cultural researches can be the miraculous key to solve political misconceptions between Iranian-Arabic focal points. Furthermore, many Arab regions have been as Iran under colonial domination. The present study shows technical methods of the two Algerian and Iranian writers in regard to the two French and Russian colonial powers. By giving a clear picture of protagonist and antagonist elements, the result of this research is that in Saedi's 'tup' protagonist as the foreground character plays antagonist role and is not the instigator of the story, even though not regarded as its prominent character. On the other hand, Saedi in developing the plot tries to make ethical charastristics of the characters salient. The common characteristics of the writers includes the consequences of colonialism picture in the rural life, and constituents such as: class conflicts caused by colonial oppression followed by combats and resistance to colonialists.

Regional literature as one of the important subdivisions of fiction has affected social and political developments in most communities. Ahmad Mahmood and Najib Kilani, two distinguished contemporary Persian and Arabic authors, committed authors relying on local culture, raised the problems of society and called on it to find solutions and understand them in the form of their stories. Story" Al-rabie al-Assef” is one of Najib Kilani’s work about a village with hope and suffering caused by contemporary historical developments of Egypt in the late twentieth century. Story" A pilgrim Under the Rain" by Ahmad Mahmood has shown the situation of south region and people’s problems in the play scenes of story skillfully with the author’s critical eye. This research with descriptive approach from study area has studied and evaluated regional elements in a qualitative-comparative method. First initial sources in the geographical and local areas extracted from Ahmad Mahmood and Najib Kilani’s works in association with social consequences have been studied. The importance of investigating of this subject turns out when many social and cultural problems in Islamic societies will be solved in case the influence of local identity was recognized. The conclusions found from this study are necessary to access to affective local and regional elements in order to achieve sustainable development purposes.

Many efforts have been made to realize women's rights, in the works of women’s writers all around the world. Sometimes certain of these works been exaggerated, and occasionally they have been balanced and achieved good results. By examining the views, actions, language and literature of female heroes, this study seeks to find the aspects of similarity and difference in in these novels: “Suva Shun”, “Wandering Island” and “Wanderer Cameleer” by Simin Daneshvar and “Memoirs of a Woman Doctor” and “My Memories from Women's Prison” by Nawal El Saadawi based on feminist criticism. The purpose of this study is to reflect the similarities and differences between the two aforementioned Persian and Arab writers in order to find the cultural similarities and differences between the two authors. The selected novels of Nawal, were first translated and then based on American Comparative literature school have been compared with Simin's selected works. This descriptive-analytical study indicated that although both writers have reflected feminist views in their works, but Simin generally falls short of defending women's rights and identities in some cases, while Nawal is more radical.

Allameh Mohammad Iqbal Lahouri is a prominent and distinguished poet, a defender of national interests and heritage who has an important role in his homeland with its special Islamic boundaries. The epic of his homeland had always been an integral part of his sublime ideas and novel thoughts. The gem of his existence sparkles with love for his motherland. He is famed and admired for his constant preoccupation with Islamic nationalism and patriotic activities. Commemorating his native land and the defense of his country was his prime mission, a motif clearly seen in Persian epic and in the poetry of earlier patriotic poets of Iran. This research was conducted by library method making use of primary and secondary sources as well as internet sources. The purpose of this article is to explore to what extent patriotic poetry of Iqbal Lahouri was under the influence of patriotic Persian epic since he is considered as a pioneer of patriotic poetry with its special significance in contemporary literature.

Storytelling is a common phenomenon in all cultures. The Arab people also have recognized it and have preserved some of its heroes as well as the historical, moral heritage during different ages. However, novel and its elements is a modern genre which is borrowed from Europeans. The present paper examines the realistic novel of the master writer Hamd-Al-Hamd. The reader will eagerly pursue all cultural, and social transformations in his novel. The paper focuses on the writer’s devotion to the real life, incidents, and events.

‘’Beinamatni’’ is one of the subjects which was known by the name of ‘’Tazmin’’. This new concept was offererd Julia Kristipha. She took this concept from the concept of polyphony which the Russian criticand thinker, Michael Bachtin, observed it. Eventually Beinamatni becamed widespread and as a new critical phenomenon was taken into consideration and was spread about in the literature of Europe.Following the publicity of this new literal phenomenon in the West,Arabian literary men also observed it after getting more familiar with the literature of Europe.If we observe the origin of this new critical subject in Arabic literature, we will find out this subject is a new term of the old literal and critical phenomenon. Amal Danghal is one of the literary men whoenjoys this critical subject a lot. Beinamatni in the poem of Amal Danghal is cliché and influencial element.For he enjoys mythical Beinamatni and explains the realities of his time.This researchconsiders the subject of Beinamatni, the mythical Beinamatni and its usage in the poem of Amal Danghal.

Devotedness and honesty of intentions are adornment of personality. The holy Religion of Islam has always encouraged human to wear this adornments as well as being ethical. The life of prophets and pious ones is full of attempts to be ethically upright and to be away from ingloriousness. The present article studies one of the ethical characteristics of Imam Ali (AS) and exemplifies him as a symbol of good manners and a role model for behavior. The article is based on some of his behavior in one of the wars against infidels. The original story is recited in Mathanvi by Mowlana. In the story by Mowlana Ali (AS) is depicted as a courageous fighter with no wrath and selfishness.

Drama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is proper for applying national themes and calling for freedom, rising against oppression and resistance.The present article surveys the works of one of the prominent pioneers of this literary form, Suleiman Al-Hozami from Kuwait, some of whose works are translated into English, Spanish and Persian.

The present paper is an attempt to study a contemporary author, critic and artist from Kuwait in the hope that it may lead to more thorough researches in the analysis of comparative studies of Iran and countries around Persian Gulf-whose cultural as well as economic interactions has a long historical background- eventually culminating in praiseworthy works.This paper is a literary review of some masterpieces, the product of prolonged years of study of an author who is considered among Kuwait’s outstanding contemporary writers and whose works and critical perspectives have been echoed in the modern literature of the Arab world.

The two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of the country and finally the greatest war of the contemporary era after 2nd world War, which is called Persian Gulf 2nd War. The bitter events and anti-human-istic crimes of the former Iraqi regime against these two neighbor coun-tries are innumerable. The present study is to probe into the common subject matters of the poetry of the two countries, from a critical and analytical viewpoint and via conducting a comparative analysis of the resistance poetry, which appeared during and after war in the contem-porary literature of Iran and Kuwait. It is hoped that the present study paves the way for comparative investigation of other common fields of the contemporary literature of Iran and Persian Gulf countries, which have a great history of cultural and economic cooperation.