فهرست مطالب shahab baheshmat

Frequent cannabis use is associated with adverse health-related outcomes. This study followed up individuals who used cannabis to assess their use and adverse event status.

The eligible individuals, recruited in the Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS), were contacted via telephone calls six years after the index interview. The frequency of cannabis use and the occurrence of selected adverse events were recorded. The baseline status was extracted from the index survey. If any individual was inaccessible, his/her vital status was assessed. 

Of the 50 eligible individuals (all male), two had died. Moreover, from among 25 reached participants, 19 reported abstinence from cannabis in the past year, and 18 reported at least one adverse event in the past six years. Violence and imprisonment were the most common events reported. 

Six years after the index interview, most of the participants abstained from cannabis. Besides, adverse events were common, emphasizing the need for further investigations on larger samples of cannabis users.

Despite the increased use of methamphetamine, little is known about its adverse effects in developing countries.

This study aimed to investigate the adverse events of methamphetamine use in Iran.

A total of 29 subjects who were recruited in the Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS, a 2011 national household survey) and used methamphetamine more than five times in the past year enrolled in this case series study. Six years after the index interview, eligible participants were contacted to assess their frequency of methamphetamine use in the past year, the incidence of adverse events, and utilization of substance use treatment services.

One death was recorded among 29 eligible cases. Of the 13 completed interviews (all male), the majority (n = 10) reported abstinence, and 2 reduced their methamphetamine use in the past year. More than two-thirds (n = 9) of participants experienced at least 1 adverse event. Incarceration and violent behavior were the mostcommonadverse events. Of the 10 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder, none received specific health care treatment.

The study participants experienced a high rate of adverse events, and none of those with methamphetamine use disorder received specific treatment. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the causal relationship between methamphetamine use and adverse events.

Substance abuse is also related to psychological skills that affect the treatment process. Identifying the role of these skills can be useful for the development of a better intervention. This purpose of this study was to compare the coping strategies and emotion regulation profiles among opium users, methadone maintenance treatment clients, and normal individuals. The sample was selected among patients and their accompanies–relatives or friends–as attending to Sari substance abuse treatment centers in spring 2016 to start or continue professional treatment. By using convenience sampling method, participants were assigned to three groups: opium users (n= 43), methadone maintenance treatment clients (n= 45), and control group (n= 43). Measuring tools included coping inventory for stressful situations and the difficulties in emotion regulation scale for all participants in the three groups. Significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups: compared to the control group, opium users and methadone maintenance treatment clients had more emotion regulation difficulties and more adopted avoidance and emotion-focused coping strategies. By exploring the variables associated with the onset, persistence, and severity of substance abuse, the findings suggested groundwork for further researches which could be incorporated in prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation evidence-based methods to ameliorate the rate of substance abuse and dependency and related harms.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self efficacy in the relationship between impulsivity and evoidant coping with relapse in opioid dependence. This study was a correlational – descriptive design. The study population was consisted of all individuals in addiction- quitting stage of Tehran city in 2017. 129 person were selected by available sampling method. Instruments for gathering data were personl control scale, short-form of  Barratt impulsivity sclae (2013), subscale of evoidance copin (Endler & Parker, 1990) and Schwarzer self-efficacy questionnaire (1981). Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS.v21 and AMOS.v21 software and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and Path Analysis. Based on study findings, there was a statistically significant relationship between impulsivity, evoidant coping and self efficacy with relapse among individuals in addiction- quitting stage. the results of path analysis indicated that self efficacy have mediating role in relationship between impulsivity and relapse to substance use. Therefore, by designing psychological interventions based on self efficacy can diminih the probability of relapse in at-risk groups. Theoretical and practical implications of presented results are also discussed.

 The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors that are related to depression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).  This study utilized a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. Statistical population of this research included all patients with MS in Mazandaran Province, Iran, in 2016. The sample consisted of 147 patients who were selected via the available sampling method. For data collection, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory-Short Form (FMI-SF) were administered for all patients. Then the data was analyzed via SPSS and AMOS software using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM).  The results of the CFA to review the construct validity of the questionnaires indicated that the model was consistent with the data. SEM indicated that self-esteem served as a mediator between both stress and depression. Also, mindfulness had the role of mediator variable in the relationship between self-esteem and depression.  This study adds to the existing literature by providing SEM for depression in patients with MS. Theoretical and practical implications of presented results and model are also discussed.

Fatigue and depression affect the illness perception of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of fatigue and depression in illness perception of patients with MS.
The present study was a descriptive correlational research. The target population was all patients with MS who referred to the Iran MS Association. The sample consisted of 138 patients who were selected using convenience sampling. Data were gathered using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ) and were analyzed via stepwise regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Based on study findings, fatigue and depression had a statistically significant relationship with all subscales of illness perception. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that fatigue and depression predict disease outcome, personal control, therapeuticý control, identity, concern, illness recognition, and emotion regulation among patients with MS.
The findings of this research showed that illness perception, as an effective indicator in patient's quality of life (QOL), appears to be predicted by fatigue and depression.

This study aimed to compare theory of mind and attributional style in patient with major depression disorder and healthy peers. A causal-comparative study was used in this research. Statistical population of this research include all patients with major depression disorder of  Razi Psychiatry Hospital. The sample consisted of 31 patient with major depression disorder, and 40 healthy peers who were selected via availabla sampling method. For data collection, were administered for every 2 groups the reading the mind in Baron-Cohen eyes tests and attributional styles questionnaire. Then the data was performed in program spss version 21 using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and t student test.Results of MANOVA test revealed that there was significant difference in attributional style of two group about positive and negative events. The patients with major depression use inner, stable and general attribution style about negative events. Also, they used outer, unstable and specific attribution style about positive events.  Results of t student test showed that depressed patients have weaker skills in mind reading than healthy peers. According to finding of this study, Pessimistic attribution style and Defects in mind reading skills can to be discussed as a etiology hypotheses in depression.