shahabadin hajforoush

The city of Yazd, one of the cities of Iran, has suffered the most damage from the accelerated and scattered growth, which, with cohesion and compression in the stage of emergence, its natural growth today is plagued by a pathological structure, because the city of Yazd, as an intermediate city, is more and faster than the big centres. It has progressed towards spiral growth. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the feasibility of cycling routes and their effect on creating a bicycle-friendly city in the city under study. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of its applied-developmental purpose and terms of its nature and method. The information collection in this research was done through library, document and survey methods. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Yazd city. To estimate the sample size, the personal estimation method was used, and 120 people were considered as the sample size. In this research, targeted methods (snowball and theoretical sequence) have been used to collect information. AHP (Gaussian preference function), Prometheus and regression (ANOVA) statistical methods have been used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that the AHP test (Gaussian preference function) revealed that the indicators of the slope of the movement path and sufficient lighting and visibility on the path should be given priority, and also the indicator of the use of the combined travel method of bicycle and public transportation should be given the last priority. In the following, using the Prometheus method, the criteria and indicators of the research were prioritized, it was found that the security criterion with a final rating of 0.382 is in the first rank and the continuity criterion is in the last rank with a final rating of 0.081. Finally, using the regression test (ANOVA), it was found that there is a significant correlation between the strengthening of the bicycle path of Salamat Road and the creation of a bicycle-friendly city in Yazd. Therefore, strengthening the bicycle path of Salamat Road can lead to the creation of a bike-friendly city in Yazd

The development of human-oriented transportation is one of the programs that practically and correctly implement and restore peace to the urban transportation system, i.e.  cycling. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the exploratory cycling routes and its effect on the revival of the historical context of the under-study city. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of its applied-developmental purpose, its nature, and method. The collection of information in this research was done through library, document, and survey methods. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Yazd city. To estimate the sample size, the personal estimation method was used, and 120 people were considered as the sample size. In this research, targeted methods (snowball and theoretical sequence) have been used to collect the information. AHP (Gaussian preference function), Prometheus, and regression (ANOVA) were used as statistical methods to analyze the data. The results of this research show that based on the AHP test (Gaussian preference function), the indicators of the simplicity, shortness of the path, and the presence of shared bicycles, should be given the first priority. Also, the indicators of connecting bicycle paths to the public transportation stations and facilitating the possibility of moving bicycles on vehicles, should be given the last priority. In the following, by using the Prometheus method, the criteria and indicators of the research were prioritized, and it was found that the accessibility criterion with a final rating of 0.359, is in the first rank and the continuity criterion, is in the last rank with a final rating of 0.118. Finally, by using the regression test (ANOVA), it was found that there is a significant correlation between strengthening the cycling path of Farrokhi Street and the revitalization of the historical context of Yazd city. Therefore, strengthening the cycling path of Farrokhi Street can lead to the revival of the historical fabric of Yazd city

Today, the increasing growth of urbanization and urban population and consequently, heavier traffic and larger number of motor vehicles in urban and suburban areas have created many problems for the transportation system. On the other hand, the unresolved problem of traffic congestion in cities and the related air pollution have had seriously damaged health and life quality of many citizens and resulted in the death of many patients diagnosed with lung and heart diseases. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the desirability of urban routes' design for cycling and its relationship with the indices of a bike-friendly city in Yazd. The present study addresses these questions: how desirable is the design of urban routes for cycling in Yazd? Do present rules and standards increase the satisfaction of cyclists? What is the relationship between the desirability of urban cycling route designs and developing a bike-friendly city?

The present descriptive study is considered to be a survey in terms of nature and methodology and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. Data collection was performed using library, documentary and survey methods. Citizens of Yazd were selected as the statistical population. Personal estimation method was used to ensure a homogeneous and standard sample is selected with an appropriate size. The sample included 20 experts and urban designers and 100 cyclists who have cycled on urban routes in Yazd. Purposeful methods of sampling such as snowball and theoretical sequence have been used in the present study.

Results obtained from the UTA technique and the Fuller hierarchical method used to weigh relevant indicators show that the security criterion has ranked first (with a weight of 0/344) while the continuity criterion has ranked last (with a weight of 0/181). Pearson correlation analysis did not find any significant relationship between income, gender, age and education with cyclists' satisfaction level, but a significant relationship was found between the observance of standards in urban routes and the level of satisfaction. Considering the linear regression diagram and r2 = 0/52, a desirable design for urban cycling routes can provide up to 52 percent of the conditions required for turning Yazd into a bike-friendly city.In general, findings of the present study are closely related with Bicalho et al. (2019), Yang et al. (2019) and Nazarpour and Saedi (2020) concluding that developing cycling infrastructure in accordance with appropriate rules and standards, holding workshops to create a positive attitude and a greater understanding in urban planners toward cycling, improving street connections and the desirability of the cycling routes' designs for cyclists will enhance the creation of a bike-friendly city. The present study indicates that compliance with national standards and regulations in urban routes is mandatory for cyclists. Findings are also closely related with Podgórniak-Krzykacza and Trippner-Hrabi (2021), Babiano et al. (2017), Shabanpour and Zareh (2019), Manafi Azar et al. (2018) and Soleimani et al. (2017) which indicate that cycling increases access to transportation network, prevents congestion and inefficiency of public transportation, reduces traffic jams, increases safety and security, prevents environmental pollution and results in sustainable urban transportation.  Thus, the present study has concluded that a desirable design for urban cycling routes can turn Yazd into a bike-friendly city.

Results of UTA technique indicated that rules, regulations, and bylaws assigned for cycling paths in Iran such as longitudinal slope, cross slope, open sight distance and stopping sight distance, minimum radius of curvature of the bike lanes, horizontal signs, and special traffic lights shall be reviewed and practically used to create a more comfortable space for cyclists. The analysis indicates that urban routes in Iran must be designed in accordance with the standards of cycling routes, and the respondents have also emphasized on this necessity. Moreover, it was indicated that there is a positive correlation between compliance with standards and the level of comfort in cyclists. In other words, compliance with standards in urban routes' designs increases the level of comfort in cyclists. Finally, it can be concluded that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the desirability of urban routes' designs for cycling and the chance of turning Yazd into a bike-friendly city.

With the emergence of environmental crises, environmental quality was recognized as part of the overall concept of quality of life. This concept is assumed to be a comprehensive reflection of a person's sense of health, including all the factors that play a role in human satisfaction. The present article has been designed to evaluate the performance of quality components of urban environment and its role in promoting citizen satisfaction by presenting a model to evaluate the quality of urban environment in Yazd. Check in the city environment. This research is a survey type in terms of applied purpose, in terms of nature and method. To collect information, 400 questionnaires (based on Cochran's formula) were randomly distributed among residents. The methodology of this research is based on one and two sample t test methods, analysis of variance and confirmatory factor analysis. The basis for measuring the quality of the environment in the Yazd city is the criterion of satisfaction with the components of the quality of the urban environment from the perspective of residents. Based on the findings of the present study, the components of urban environmental quality according to the theoretical model of the research, which is classified into five levels according to standard coefficients, in the fourth level of health service characteristics (0.96), security and social relations (0.92 ), Social services (0.88) and volume with a coefficient (0.85), had the greatest impact on the quality components of the urban environment. In the third level, the most impact on the components are functional characteristics (1.08), social (0.78) and cost per unit of housing (0.74). Finally, in the second level components, which is one of the main objectives of the research, the quality of residential environment with The coefficient (0.94) had the greatest effect on the quality of Yazd urban environment.

Physically- Movement disabilities part of the community who are, like other citizens, need the desirability of designing of residential spaces are. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to Evaluation the Desirability of Designing of Residential Spaces for Physically- Movement Disabilities with the Approach of Disabilities Friendly City in Surface Yazd city is. This research in terms of applied purpose, in terms of nature and method, descriptive of survey type is. Field studies with questionnaire by 157 people Physically- Movement disabilities (Based on Morgan table) Randomly in the Surface Yazd city have been completed. To evaluate and rank the indicators Technique of UTA and for analyze the data to statistical tests in SPSS software were used. Based on the results Technique of UTA and weighting of the relevant indicators performed by Fuller Hierarchical Hierarchy Process, it was found that the safety criterion with weight of 0/437 is in the first rank and the accessibility criterion with weight of 0/183 is in the last rank. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that between income level of people with disabilities, their length of stay in residential Spaces and the level of their living space with their level of satisfaction there is no significant relationship, But between living standards with the level of satisfaction of the disabled there is a relationship. Regression analysis also shows that compliance with living standards is the first priority regarding the level of satisfaction of the disabled and the Surface of residential infrastructure, income and length of stay have the second, third and fourth priority, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the desirability of designing of residential spaces for physical- Movement disabilities can lead to the creation of a disability friendly city in Surface city Yazd.

Location is one of the most important parts of the human environment. A well-designed environment and living space is of great importance for the disabled and disabled. The Disabled Friendly City provides the community with many techniques and methods to provide a comfortable and safe life for the disabled. In Iran, the needs of people with disabilities are often not fully met in new buildings, and most of the buildings are designed for healthy and capable individuals who have no adaptation and proportion to the disability of disabled people and cannot be used.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method it is a descriptive survey. Data were collected through library, documentary and survey methods. The statistical population of the study is Yazd's Disability Society and according to Morgan table, 157 persons are considered as sample according to the number of referrals per month to the Disabled Communities in Yazd. In this study, simple random sampling method was used. Initially, the necessary referrals were made with the individuals, for better cooperation, the subject and purpose of the research were clearly stated. The questionnaire was used to measure the accessibility of people to their living spaces and the size and dimensions of the spaces as well as the presence or absence of some spaces and facilities. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/78 to determine the reliability of the instrument, indicating acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire tool was confirmed by using the experts' opinions and summarizing the dimensions, components and variables influenced by Delphi and Pre-Test.

Taken together, the results of this study are consistent with those of Kayama et al. (2019), Saita et al. (2019), Gorji Azandriani and Shirzad Nazarloo (2018), Ziyari and Karamuziyan (2018), and Soleimani et al. (2018). Attention to physical and physical disabilities should be built to support a disabled community, protect and protect urban parks, pay attention to their citizenship rights, maximize compliance with national and international standards and criteria, and appropriate walks for the disabled. It has been concluded that adherence to the standards of urban planning and architecture in designing Khtmanha is required. Consistent with the research of Kim Boa and Lee Yunsuk (2015), Shahram and Zieynal (2015) and Majidi (2012), housing design should be aware of the needs of people with disabilities, housing design guidelines, and utility, because in this study Due to the needs of people with disabilities in Yazd, the city has designed and designed housing.

Analysis of the presence or absence of correlation between the variables of income, length of stay in residential areas and the level of living infrastructure with the level of satisfaction of disabled people showed that there was no significant relationship between these variables. Finally, it was found that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of meeting the required standards in living space with the level of satisfaction of the disabled. Adherence to standards in the living space enhances the comfort of the handicapped and indicates a direct correlation. Regression test also shows the relation between compliance with living standards and level of satisfaction with the disability. Regression analysis (ANOVA) was used to correlate the desirability of designing residential spaces for physically-disabled people with disability-friendly cities. Therefore, it can be analyzed whether the utility design of residential spaces for persons with disabilities is in accordance with the law of engineering and building control such as adequate parking where the mouth of the car stop should be 3/50 meters wide, suitable for sanitary facilities which should be 1/50 × 1/70 meters or Its layout is such that it is possible to maneuver a wheelchair and ... with regard to disability-friendly city indicators can lead to the creation of a disability-friendly city in Yazd. This means that as the desirability of designing residential spaces for the disabled in Yazd increases, a positive and meaningful relationship is created to create a disability-friendly city.

The concept of pavement was introduced in the 1950s to ease the traffic congestion of old downtown streets to competed with suburbs. The primary purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of making the current historical pedestrians of Qiyam Street walkable and analyze the potentials of the regeneration of walkability in historical passways. This study determines the impacts of making Qiyam street walkable on the regeneration of the historical tissue of Yazd. Against this background, the research attempts to answer the following key questions:Which dimensions and indicators should be prioritized in making Qiyam street of Yazd walkable?Can the historical tissue of Yazd be regenerated by improving the walkability of Qiyam street?

Due to the importance of historical buildings and urban tissues, extensive efforts have been made to eliminate the factors that pose a risk to monuments in the world. At the forefront of these activities was banning cars from entering historical sites and around valuable buildings. In line with the global actions, some similar steps have been taken in Iran. In this regard, one can infer that the first steps were taken during the Second Pahlavi era when cars were prohibited from passing on historic bridges such as Khaju Bridge in Isfahan. What is certain is that the role of the pavements in preserving historical monuments and textures is not negligible. The results of previous studies indicated thet these factors are of great importance: 1. social-management issues; 2. environmental equipping strategies; 3. relaxation; 4. pedestrian priority; 5. public transport; and 6. safety and infrastructures.

The present study is applied-developmental. It is descriptive-analytical regarding nature and method. Library, documentary, and survey methods were used to collect data.

In this study, three basic steps were designed to evaluate the feasibility of walkability and its impact on the regeneration of the historical tissue of the study area. The first step was the AHP (Gaussian preference function) method. In the second step, the overall preferences were calculated using the Prometheus method. In the third step, the regression analysis (ANOVA) was used to correlate between improving the pedestrian capability of the historical pathways and the regeneration of the historical tissue of the study area.Overall, the results of this study were not consistent with the findings of Stangl (2011), Monteiro and Campos (2012), Sapawi and Said (2012), Kermanshahi, Azizi and Darzi Ramnadi (2016), Habibi and Haghi (2018), and Ghorbanpour, Zali, Yordkhani and Azadeh (2018), who suggested that walkability design and planning requires attention to socio-managerial issues, environmental strategy, relaxation, pedestrian priority and public transport, safety and infrastructure. This study concluded that accessibility should be taken as a priority when planning for the walkability of Yazd. It was also in line with the studies of Pikora, Giles-Corti, Bull, Jamrozik and Donovan (2003), Kalantari Khalilabad, Soltan Mohammadlou and Soltan Mohammadlou (2016), and Rabbani Abolfazli, Rahnam and Khakpoor (2017), who concluded that walkability planning leads to public health and quality of life. This study similarly found that planning for walkability can lead to the regeneration of the historical tissue of Yazd.

Four hundred people (experts and pedestrains who had passed on the sidewalk of Qiyam street of Yazd) were asked some questions via questionnaire. They responded according to their different conditions. Based on AHP (Gaussian Preference Function) and Prometheus analysis, interviewees showed that the level of walking paths, cleaning, illumination in day and night, continuity of walking paths and the slope of sidewalk, as well as accessibility, have to be highly prioritized due to their higher weight. In contrast, the indicators of lack of passage barriers, the existence of windows overlooking the sidewalk the development of various applications for the use of pedestrian facilities, and the relationship between transport and pedestrian use should be low prioritized according to their lower weights. Besides, the regression analysis (ANOVA) was used to correlate the improvement of the pedestrian capability of the historical pathways with the historical texture of the study area. Therefore, it can be inferred that enhancing the pedestrian capability of Qiyam Street in Yazd through the appropriateness of pedestrians’ width, pedestrian crossing, encouraging people to walk, etc. can lead to the regeneration of Yazd’s historical issues.In Yazd, in order to take proper advantage of the walkability approach in the historical areas of the city, especially in Qiyam street, understanding the importance, position, and function of pedestrian spaces are of importance. It is necessary to organize these spaces according to a holistic approach and using the principles of shortening and localizing trips, providing complete and varied coverage of pedestrian networks in the city, maintaining continuity of routes, improving road safety and comfort, providing the necessary visions, providing the necessary equipment and providing social reinforcement.

In examining the relationship between man and the environment, the recognition of physical elements, tangible characteristics of the environment, meanings and messages arising from it is important. In this regard, in order to achieve the different concepts and dimensions of sustainability, visual comfort and sense of place, should level the sense of place, space, and of visual comfort in the district of study be in a favorable situation. In light of what has come, concepts such as visual comfort and sense of place are important elements and components in urban spaces, which according to the type and manner of looking and understanding of the appearance and function of the elements of the urban structure and the magnitude of the effects of each constructive component in the creation and The construction of each other requires the determination of its two-way relationship. Considering the importance of this issue from the point of view of environmental psychology in architecture, it is necessary to pay attention to its study in the area covered by the study. For this purpose, this research tries the intensity and mode of effect of constructive components of visual comfort, including the effects of color and light, facade and architectural architecture, on the components of the sense of place, including security, readability, sense of belonging, etc.,

Despite the increasing internationally emphasis on planning and practice in developing local communities for poverty alleviation, the planning system of Iran has not only paied enough attention to the development of local communities and the mechanisms that such communities can deal with poverty, but also planners and decision makers have little information about the types and characteristics of those neighborhoods that are more interested in developing community-based activities. The participation of Yazd city folks in improving their residential environment in the past was a kind of empowerment in form of a skill by which they were prepared to take some greater social responsibilities. It was a ground for strengthening social life and strengthening local functions. But due to the problems caused by physical expansion of Yazd city in the last 40 years and migration of indigenous inhabitants from the old texture neighborhoods of city, there is no way to apply the past social interactions and the sense of previous solidarity in the future. Therefore, the proper understanding of this concept in relation to the development of Yazd city can be considered very important. The present study aims to build a capacity on the bases of sustainable development and to assess the effective factors or effective barriers of building capacity in Yazd city regarding two reagents of general poverty and space-location geographic. The statistical population of the present study includes all household heads of Yazd city, of them 500 people were selected as a sample using a simple random method. The inferential results derived from one-sample T-test indicated that in all four research capacity elements (physical-environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and political) with a significance level less than 0.05, the mean figure of capacity building in Yazd city was different from the expected one. It means that the upper and lower levels of the differences are less than zero. Therefore, it was showed that the average capacity building in sustainable development of Yazd city and its dimensions has a positive and significant effect. As a conclusion, it was confirmed that there is a meaningful relationship between the mechanism of establishment and planning of urban sustainable development and local capacities in Yazd city. Finally, some strategies are proposed to encourage the residents towards the local development of neighborhoods in order to approach the urban sustainable development.