فهرست مطالب siavash shayan

Summer catchment basins surrounding the city of Tehran, due to their remoteness from atmospheric pollution and urban manifestations, is considered as a place for exploring and recreating for many people, and as a place for money making out of restaurants attracting many tourists for others. Sangan is taken into consideration as one of the most beautiful valleys in Northwest of Tehran. The summer catchment basins due to the phenomenon of counter urbanization and also escape from city pollution, easy access, and short distance, has taken too much attention, so much that the inhabitants mostly spend winter in Tehran and summer there. Since some buildings have been built along the main river, the study of the effectiveness of riparian zone and also the specification of areas susceptible to flood is of great importance. In this research, using the HEC-RAS RAS model, flood- prone areas with different return periods (2 to 100 years old) were calculated, and then for the floodplain zoning the morphological characteristics of the flood zones gathered during the fieldwork have been used. The careful study of these flood fringe zones indicates that a small percentage of the lands are included in flood hazard zone with the 25-year return period. Also, the comparison of the pictures taken from the Sangan River in the past and present shows that the use of lands in the river bank has been changed and due to unauthorized constructions and gardening along the river, the width of the bed has dramatically been decreased. This factor increases the size of the floodplain area and consequently the damages.

Population growth, development of residential areas, as well as man-made land use, are causing landcover change. Shorelines are more sensitive to landcover change. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate the trend of landcover changes in the southeast of Bushehr province from Asaloyeh city to Shirino village. The study used Landsat satellite images from the 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019 and the LCM model to assess the trend of landcover change. The procedure is that first the landcover maps are prepared and then the process of land use change changes, changes in other landcovers to man-made areas and also the coastline change process is evaluated. The assessment of the change indicates that the use of man-made areas has had significant changes in a period from 1990 to 2019 under the influence of the development of economic activities and in parallel with the development of residential areas, refineries, as well as other facilities related to the Gas Company. Depending on the location of the study area and the type of anthropogenic, man-made use (refineries and other facilities and infrastructure related to the gas company), land-use changes mostly direct to coastline. Therefore, 11.2 km2 of the sea has been changed to an arid area during a 29-year period. Besides, the development of economic activities and job creation, residential areas in Assaluyeh and Nakhl have experienced significant growth, and this development has further changed the use of sandy lands to the construction of man-made areas.

The position of the coastline depends on interactions between waves, tides, rivers, storms, geological structures and physical processes .Recognizing the spatial variations of the coastline, one can understand the dynamics of coastal zones and morphodynamic processes It is absolutely necessary to manage shore line changes. The Caspian Sea has created a unique environment with special characteristics due to frequent fluctuations and periodic changes, such as in closed lake environments. Due to this change in the level of the water base, we see large changes in the coastline in the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. The sea shows a decrease of about 3 meters in the 48-year period (1929-1977) and has experienced an increase of about 3 meters in a period of 18 years (1995-1997). Given the awareness of the changes in the Caspian Sea, we need a method that clearly shows these changes in time and place. The purpose of this research is to investigate the 60-year variation of coastal lines using remote sensing data in the Caspian region.

The research method was descriptive-analytic based on remote sensing data and aerial photographs using the GIS. The aerial photographs of 1956 and Landsat satellite images were used in 1994, 1976, and 2017. These images and images were originally prepared in Envi5.3. ArcGIS 10.5 ArcGIS 10.5 transcoded transects and their statistical calculations. The statistical methods used in this study to determine the coastline variation in the DSAS plug-in are End-End Rate Method (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR).

In this paper, maps and diagrams required for analysis have been extracted based on the drawing of coastlines and calculations in the DSAS plug-in. From this, one can assess and analyze how the 60-year change process was taking place in the study area.In the study area, by plotting the base line and transects 50 meters apart, the maximum, the lowest and the average changes during the time period are calculated. The map of variations in two methods shows the amount of variation along the coastline. In this study, the coastline coastal speed and coastline rate for the Haraz delta range is -0.15 m and for Babolrood range is +0.05 m and Talar range is +/16 + m.In these maps, the variation in estrus varies from one side to another. In the Bablrood Delta, the seaward section has advanced to the sea, and in the Haraz and Talar deltas, this is reversed. In the EPR method, as we can see, erosion occurred in the Haraz delta around the estuary of the river, and as much as the river estuary refers to both sides of the east and west, we see a replacement of sediment instead of erosion. In the Bablrood Delta, there is almost a picture of the Haraz Delta, but Talar River delta conditions are slightly similar to those of the Haraz, with variations in the Haraz Delta quite typical. In the LRR output map, the results are similar to those of the EPR method, with the exception that the erosion intensity in the Talar River is less than that of Talar. Because the LRR method uses all coastlines drawn for computation, the result of this map can be more accurate.

In this research, using transects method, the statistical characteristics of coastline changes during the 60-year period have been studied. According to the results of the maps, the general trend of erosion in the studied area is toward coastal erosion. Depending on the basis of the LRR method, the largest changes in the delta of the Babolrood River are observed at 5.9 m, while the adjacent delta of this quantity does not reach 2m. This difference indicates a remarkable sea in the Babolrood Delta, which can be considered a human factor especially in recent years, among the most important reasons. But comparing the results between the maximum and minimum changes, as shown in Table 3, shows a high degree of variation in these three delta. The result of the use of DSAS outbound maps is an important consideration and that in spatial analysis, the use of such single-dimensional Negri instrument will be transformed into a multi-dimensional view, and in this study we observed that during a coastline interval, 60-year-old change can be quite a photo.

Lack of freshwater resources is considered as the main challenge of dryland countries in the world. Iran, in particular, its southern coastal regions, are also suffering from this issue. One of the main options on the table to tackle this problem is water demand management that has been bolded in Iran. As a result, in terms of the water supply, the Minab plain is one of the most important regions of the Hormozgan Province in Iran and various economic sectors of the plain have been facing many problems due to the lack of access to water resources. In this regard, one of the most important policy options to reduce these problems is water-related spatial planning. Such an approach focuses on spatial relationships and has been considered as an effective way to integrate economic, social and environmental programs into spatial development.

In water-related spatial planning studies, in addition to the traditional view, it is necessary to pay more attention to the system thinking. Thus, in the present study, the given mechanism governing the important parts that interact with water resources of the Minab plain has been mapped through system dynamics principsics, les, drawing a system mechanism.

Analyzing and studying the spatial organization of the Minab Plain as well as adopting the systems dynamics, in this paper, the negative factors affecting the water resources have been identified and policies for managing the water demand have been presented. Analyzing system mechanism governing the Minab Plain spatial organization and deriving the relevant policies three options have been introduced 1) Reinforcing the aquaculture, 2) investment, strengthening free trade zone, and 3) water recycling.

Finally, apart from conventional policies about water supply, two policies based on the water demand
management approach have been extracted and discussed based on the performance of the given mechanism to maintain the spatial organization equilibrium of the Minab plain

  Alluvial fans have a great importance in terms of their high efficiency to create natural aquifer and groundwater storage. Increasing the rate of water demand and relying on groundwater has caused a remarkable decline in groundwater resource and aquifer level. On the other hand, flood spreading is known as an applicable and an effective method for artificial aquifers recharging in arid and semiarid regions. Sabzab and Gotvand plains (fig. 1), in Khuzestan Province, have experienced vivid decline in groundwater-level due to over pumping of aquifer resources, since last decades. Therefore, these plains have been selected to implement methods of artificial recharging of groundwater, especially flood spreading. The research methodology included comprehensive methods of field observations, application of ArcGIS, 10.3 tools, and modeling. Accordingly, a geographical information system was used for the zoning of the suitable areas to implement artificial recharging by a flood spreading method based on the fuzzy logic model. Imported data for zoning included Landsat ETM+ satellite images (2010, 28.5 m resolution), topographic maps of Gotvand and Sarbishe regions (1:25000 scale), geological map of Dezfol region (1:100000 scale), precipitation data, soil permeability data, and the measurement of the electrical conductivity of floods region. The zoning procedures provided 6 GIS-ready map layers including quaternary deposits of the region, slope, infiltration, electrical conductivity, thickness of alluvium, transmissivity, and drainage density. In the second step, the effective factors were formulated in a fuzzy manner and GIS-Ready layers were overlapped using Sum, and, OR, Product, and Gamma operators. Finally, the zones with high suitability for flood spreading were overlaid over the alluvial fans outcrops. Several thematic maps were produced on the basis of the fuzzy method. The suitability zoning as the main objectives of the research was obtained in four classes ranged (fig. 5) from high suitable to unsuitable (table 1). The results showed that high-suitable areas were often at the bottom of the Bakhtiari conglomerate formations and alluvial fans (Fig. 7). In addition, alluvial fans which had mainly composed of coarse size sediments had close genetic relationship with Bakhtiari conglomerate formation and represented the remarkable matching with two high-suitable and suitable classes. The mean rate of 83 % of the different fuzzy operators showed the most comparability with high suitable and suitable areas. The research hypotheses were successfully confirmed by the resultant data. The present research indicates the importance of geomorphological landforms in terms of artificial groundwater recharge and it should be protected as a source of water. Therefore, incorrect changes to this lands form should be avoided. Furthermore, the fuzzy method has represented a useful manner to find suitable zones for flood spreading. The research method is also recommended to be used in other similar geological conditions in Khuzestan Province.

IntroductionIn many engineering activities awareness from geomorphologic active processes in relation to the construction of roads, dams, buildings and bridges is an essential element that should be considered. The road weakness could be classified in many aspects such as climatic, topographical, geological and hydrological aspects. Constructing the transportation networks that pass through dynamic environments, finally leads to some changes in physical environments that if this changes pass over the thresholds, it may lead to environmental unbalance and also lead to some bad socio-economic feedbacks. The geomorphologic hazards are the main agents of threat to the engineering and construction activities. Awareness of geomorphologic processes and hazards is one of the main essential things in road construction. These hazards usually cause traffic problem, car accidents, and also financial losses and fatality. For example, the destruction of a large portion of northern Haraz road in Iran by a 5/5 magnitude (6/ 2 magnitude of external sources) earthquakes in 8th June of 2004.
Study AreaThe study area is the main road between the city of Karaj to Kandovan tunnel and adjacent regions, which is part of major Karaj - Chaloos roads and one of the important roads of Iran in the north and north west of Tehran province. The geographic location of the study area is between 51 to 51 degrees and 37 minutes east longitude and between 35 degrees 18 minutes to 36 degrees 15 minutes of north latitude.
Material and MethodsThis study is an experimental - application of conceptual models – which is based on mathematical and fieldwork conceptual models. For this purpose, we collect the data using library resources and web-based sources such as internet websites. We used 1:100,000 geologic maps and 1:50,000 topographic maps, LANDSAT and P5 images, and field surveys (devices and digital cameras). Then, using Google Earth software, Excel, Photoshop, ERDAS and GIS, we prepare data layers. By field work and measurements and photography, we gathered evidences for analysis and conclusions, and then by a deep understanding of active morphodynamic mechanisms and morphogenesis action, we prepared a map for geomorphologic hazards.
Results and DiscussionAccording to high topographic gradient (elevation gradient is relatively large, steep, slopes due to being stuck in the snow), that highly guarantees, morphogenesis and morphodynamic process therefore the erosion process occurred continually. In study area the first factor that causes hazards is differences in lithology, which play a fundamental role in the formation of rough shapes or topography. The index VF=3% indicates high tectonic activity of forces in the region. The freeze-thaw and mechanical weathering caused rocks to have fissures and cracks in the roadbed and surface. Morphologic changes in the road beside human activities, made imbalances and increased instability and degradation of the natural environment. Based on field studies, many tectonic forces in the region (folding, along with faults), and river channel erosion (washing), such as loss material movements, debris flows, landslides, snow and rock avalanches, cryoclastic and human morphogenesis are important geomorphologic active factors along the road.
ConclusionGeomorphologic processes in many engineering research related to the construction of roads, bridges, dams, and buildings is essential. Road engineers should understand and learn more and more about geomorphologic processes. So, before they make any plan and construct a way, they should understand geomrophologic factors affecting roads and make appropriate designs in relation to land use based on geomorphic indicators.

One of the fundamental factors in urban planning is the issue of hazards performance evaluation, prediction and control. Our country is located in one of the riskiest areas of the planet in terms of natural hazards and its diversity. Today, natural hazard extend their threats more to the cities and harsh human environments and make their development more vulnerable. This is very evident in a dense metropolis of Tehran, especially in the mountainous region of the district 1.
This research seeks to approach the issue of sustainable urban development in the district 1 of Tehran metropolis with natural hazard approach especially geomorphological hazards. in the present study, at first using library studies, we attempted to evaluate the concept of sustainable urban development and natural hazards and in the next step, field studies were conducted for a comprehensive understanding of the region and with the help of network analysis method, research variables were analyzed and zoned in accordance with the research objectives and ultimately, the assessment of sustainable urban development was defined and explained.
Findings: The research has been designed around two main sections. The issue of zoning of natural hazards, particularly a range of issues was analyzed and in the next step, the sustainable urban development was assessed in the context of natural hazards.
As the study results from hazard zonation and assessment indicate, the region is at a high risk level of 73.11%. The issues such as the weight of urban construction and the natural hazards (poor housing planning), the problems of urban worn out buildings, natural hazards, non-standard gradients and their damage, and ultimately, the slippery landslide of residential areas all indicate that it has to be more careful in the management of land usages and turn up to replace residential usages with low-risk usages such as green space.

Geomorphological features are the basis of natural resources evaluation in the watersheds. These features are affected by many factors such as climate and soil, hydrology, ecology, geology etc. Drainage network in this area was different according to the amount and performance of processes and has different effects on their surroundings. Sinkholes are located on the way of this drainage network. In association with the occurrence, the researchers have counting on this subject that the change of soil parameters, indiscriminate harvesting from groundwater, drilling of illegal wells and activity of Shahid-Mofateh thermal power plant are the most important factors for the appearance of these profound sinkholes in the plains of this state. The aim of this study is examining the characteristics of the drainage networks in this region, and study their role in the creating of subsidence in this region. For this purpose all information on geology, hydrology, hydrogeological and geographical data in this area were collected and analyzed. Drainage networks, lithology, slope and elevation of this region were drawn by using of digital topographic maps of 1:50000, geological of 1:100000, DEM and also pictures of Google Earth. Then to evaluate annual changes of runoff we used experimental method of Justin and Katain. The results indicate that the dissimilar changes in morphometric data of drainage network in this area due to the climatic and geological conditions, were most important factors in the intensification of decrease of soil humidity, subterranean water and occurrence of subsidence in this region. Human factors and the over use of water sources were effective in the intensification of subsidence.

IntroductionThe concept of vulnerability is used widely in many different contexts, from medicine to the poverty and development literature. Vulnerability and resilience assessment in the field of environmental planning is one of the most remarkable discussions. The vulnerability is defined a degree to which a system, subsystem or component is likely to experience harm due to exposure to a hazard, either a perturbation or stress. In another word, vulnerability is a function of character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.
The widespread concern over the overwhelming effects of climate change, particularly in the agriculture sector, has become very serious. Climate variability impacts on agriculture sector have been mostly harmful. For instance, staggering impacts such as droughts and floods threaten the livelihood of rural people who are dependent on agriculture. The vulnerability in agriculture is not just limited to production losses, but also, it has major socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Agriculture is closely linked to climate change. However, vulnerability to climate change should be seen in the context of existing broader socio-economic and environmental conditions. Agriculture is the primary occupation in a rural area and a source of livelihood for one-third of the study area in the East Azerbaijan province.
Urmia lake is one of the most biotic and valuable ecosystems and it is registered as a national park in Iran. It is also, listed as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO. Despite the allegation for 25 years vision of Urmia Lake that has been mentioned in Integrated Management plan for Urmia Lake Basin, the lake will have an attractive landscape and rich biodiversity. The crisis during the recent years particularly in September of 2012 has become more serious and 70% of the lake has dried up. It is ironic that the collapse of Urmia Lake in the country like Iran the 1971 Ramsar Convention was signed. Continuation of the current trend of lake drying from now after a couple of years a vast amount of salt will be released into the surrounding region which means resulting in an ecological, agriculture, and social tragedy not only in the northwestern region of Iran but also in neighboring countries. Therefore, the main premise of this research is that agriculture sector is more sensitive and vulnerable due to Urmia lake crisis.
Material and MethodsIn this paper, the role of Urmia lake disaster on agriculture function and structure changes and resilience of rural communities in the eastern region have been analyzed. The method of this research is quantitative. For this propose, new approaches in vulnerability assessment have been applied. Based on the comprehensive methodology of this study to assess the vulnerability related to Urmia Lake disaster in agriculture system and rural community resilience, spatial analysis and GIS-based techniques by using remote sensing method were implemented. In this sense, in order to gain insights into the spatial distribution of Urmia lake disaster, vulnerability assessing of agriculture sector has been done. Criteria for vulnerability assessing were as follow in three main indices: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. In the first section, lake surface change, temperature trend, precipitation, relative humidity and L.Q were selected. Sensitivity indices of this study include land use and land cover change and agriculture production change trend. Finally, in adaptive capacity section, NDVI, Tasseled Cap, salinity index, rural population density and the density of employees in rural areas were selected.
The selected case study sites Azarhsar, Osku, Ajabshir, Shabestar, Malekan and, Bonab counties are located beside the southeastern region of Lake Urmia and encompasses 22 rural administrative units. Also, 199 rural points are located in the study area among which Ajabshir county has the highest rural point density. The rural population of study area totally is 232925 people.
Results and DiscussionWe report the result of data analysis for agriculture of the study region in three parts, which are presented below focusing on exposure index of Urmia lake crisis then application of exposure indicator in the term of ecosystem changes particularly aquatic one indicate that Urmia lake disaster is a main driving force in agriculture function and structure changes. Moreover, land use and land cover change analysis have approved that Urmia Lake is inevitably more effective on agriculture section. Eventually, utilization of remote sensing index presents environmental capacity of agriculture section that tremendously is in the low rate.
Landsat image classification to obtain land use and land cover change detection by using multilayer perceptron was conducted. The finding from this section showed that there was a dramatic change especially in a water body, irrigation and dry farming classes in which these are strongly related to ecosystem changes. The issue of land degradation is further contributing to the loss of production. The statics shows that during the last decade horticultural products have been faced with negative growth rate. Finally, in the adaptive capacity analysis of agriculture sector utilization of remote sensing index present a spatial capability of agriculture resilience
ConclusionThe result of vulnerability assessment has been useful in generating planning measures which can increase the resilience of rural communities of eastern regions agriculture sector to impact Urmia lake crisis. The vulnerability process among index method identified the major drivers of vulnerability. The result of assessment process indicates that there is a top priority for the local government to generate measures reduce the vulnerability of agriculture sector. Finally, this study highlights resilience is not based on a single factor, nor is it related to climate change, environmental change or issues such as Urmia lake crisis separately. Rather, this analysis has suggested that the origin of success to deal with Urmia lake disaster is promoting of rural communities.

Recently, environmental change is a main concern in sustainable science. That can be affected human society in the global, national, regional and local scale. According to the sustainability paradigm, the relationship between human and environmental system is a global discourse. Global environmental change research has seen increased attention to the concept of vulnerability. In this sense, environmental change as a characteristic of social-ecological systems linked to resilience. In the recent years Urmia Lake ecosystem has been effected by many drivers (climate change, dam construction, irrigated farm land expanse and irregular utilization of groundwater). Therefore, the main aim of this paper is identification of vulnerable spheres and nods on the Urmia Lake eastern spatial organization. In this paper we used social, economic and physical index for identification and determination of vulnerability ecosystem change. We used multi attribute decision making GIS- based for ordering the vulnerability spheres. Moreover, the chosen model of multi attribute decision making was TOPSIS. According to the result, the most vulnerable spheres are in Azarshar, Ajabshir and Bonab counties. This paper also indicates the most rural population density is in Bonab, Malekan and Ajabshir counties which main activity of these regions is agriculture. Hence, rural settlements of aforementioned counties are in the serious threat with minimum distance of Urmia Lake.

Deltas which are results of interaction between sea and land attracted interests of farmers and scientists, historically. Mond delta is one of landforms that located in Northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and in realms of Bushehr province. Different agents affected on formation, development and evolution of this delta, land and marine. In this research we tried to analysis and discuss effects of land dynamic main agents -basin morphology, sedimentation and tectonics- and basic factors such as climate, hydrology and human actions- on the formation and evolution of Mond delta. For achievement to research aims, we used of hydrologic, climatic data, geomorphologic parameters and quantitative methods. The result shows that expansion of basin and geotectonic activity in the Mond basin have significant role on formation of the delta. Basins’ rocks sensitive to erosion shows that weathering process is more, faster than normal and so produced more amount of sediment for transport to the Delta area. Basin slope in upstream has caused erosion and water to flow faster to outlet of basin ,and produced increasing rate of runoff, it caused reduction of infiltration rate and the flood flow. Climatic agents influence on the delta formation by ingredients of temperature (ice) and precipitation (rain showers), also hydrologic agents has significant role in depositing sediments, formation and evolution of Mond Delta by transportation of sediments. Human agent has significant effect on the delta evolution and reduction of sediment and discharge by construction of dam, during recent two decades.

A wide variety of barchan dunes are found in south part of Haj Ali GHoli playa، in central part of Semnan province. Barchan dunes of this area have been formed from quick sand، and with maintain of their crescent shape migrate along prevailing wind. Therefore displacement and lateral movements with annual typical trend is the most important of their characteristics.. The Purpose of this Research is Simulation of Barchan movement Using artificial neural networks. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is a non-linear model that acts similar to a human neural system. In recent years، artificial neural networks have become one of the most promising tools in order to model complex processes such as movement of phenomenas. In many studies، ANNs have demonstrated superior results compared to alternative methods. Obtained results illustrate that ANN predicting model is an applicable tool in predicting ofmovement of phenomenas. In order to check the sensitivity of the ANN prediction model movement of 100 Barchan measured. %70 for training and %30 for validation. In order to evaluate the accuracy of ANN model، observed and predicted data were compared and analyzed. The best accuracy of the model was 0/996. It indicate that ANN prediction model is an applicable tool in predicting of movement of phenomenas.

Geomorphosites are the geomorphologic landforms that are formed in special places, during times after actions and reactions of internal and external factors. Geomorphosites have a great role on identification of paleogeomorphologic evolutions of a site. By evaluation of the key elements of normal landform we can obtain overall value of geomorphosites. considering the fact that geomorphosites have educational, research and cartographic target values in tourism industry, these characteristics can lead to economic values. Geomorphosites have two original values of scientific (by reconstructing some palegeographic features) and value added (cultural, historical, ecologic, economic and aesthetics) in relation to human understanding. We can introduce geomorphosites as landform features and geomorphologic processes s that are important for identity of the earth evolutions. Karaj- Chaloos way is one of the ways that connect southern regions of Alborzmountain to northern slope of these mountainous range. This way accompanied by Theran- Ghazvin –north highway and Haraz way important ways that ends to Northern regions of Iran. This way by passing through beautiful geomorphologic sites that situated in it (such as karaj river, Amir kabir Dam, many springs and falls, dense forests, nice summits, piedmont plains and etc.) is one of unique ways because of its nostalgic values and from tourism point of view. Evaluation of some landforms in Karaj- Chaloos way from the point of touristic view is subject of this research to show some of its sites potentials for enhancing and developing touristic potentials in relation to sustainable development. We used data and tools in this research, the main ones are a) research data including base maps (TehranandMarzan- abad 1:100000 geologic maps,Karaj, Tajrish, Gajreh and Asara 1:50000 topographic maps). b) Documentary data including research literature and library studies. c) Obtained data from the field research and photography of selected geomorphosites and questionnaire compilations. At first we study documentary and library literature and select related ones and classified them. Then field work, observation and photographs from sites done. In next stage we prepare a questionnaire based on Komansco method and ask 15 persons related to the subject and area to compile it(5 geomorphologic inspectors, 5 tourism inspectors, 5 local persons, familiar to the region). Komansco method (2012) is based on 5 values(scientific, aesthetics, cultural, economic and managerial).The final score of every value obtained by averaging some sub factor. There are 8 sub factors in scientific value (Paleogeographic attraction, agent, rareness, completeness, and scientific awareness, application for educational goal, ecologic importance, and diversity). Overall score of this value is 20.We used interviews, questionnaires to fill, tables for every landform data based on Comanescu method for further statistical surveys. Discussion and The research result shows that Sharestanak valley and Pol e ahanygeomorphosites get the highest and the lowest scores(14.61 and 11.23) among selected landforms of the research correspondingly.Sepahsalar basin, Khor basin, Karaj dam lake, Yakhmorad cavern lanforms get 2nd to 5th scores (14.4, 13.74.13.67. and 12.47) correspondingly, too. We can conclude that high score of Shahrestanak valley is because of diversity of geomorphosiets that situated inside it, such as hiking ways, Clear river, springs, rich vegetations, snow covered summits and Nasey palace. Average managerial and application scores for Khor basin is 15.20, average economic value of Shahrestanak is 15.36, average cultural score of Sepahsalar basin is 15.70, average aesthetic score of Karaj dam lake is 15.7 and average scientific value of Shahrestanak valley was 15.53 which were the most averages among other geomophosites. Score obtained of cultural value for Sepahsalar Basin was highest score among scores obtained for all landforms. Shahrestanak valley, Yakhmoradcavern,Khor basin, Karaj dam lake (because of its monumental value, meetings held around it)were among sites that have great cultural values. Differences among groups of geomorphosites approved and statistical equation of them were rejected, which means that at least one of the scoring groups, have difference by other groups in the point of average scores obtained. Statistical surveys show that there was not any error among geomorphosites groups in this research inside attended persons in filling questionnaires.

Indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater aquifers in the arid and semi- arid regions plains0f Iran has been causing a sharp drop in groundwater levels. artificial recharge groundwaterby flood spreading Method is a procedure that applicable for increasing the volume of thetank and prevent the severe drop in groundwater levels. In this Study Identificated suitableareas of flood Spreading for artificial recharge groundwater by using integrated GeographicInformation System(GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy process(AHP) in Abied- Sarbishe 0fGotvand region. For this seven effective indices - slope, infiltration, electrical conductivity,alluvial thickness transmisivity, drainage density and land use was prepared in GISenvironment and weighted by Analytical Hierarchy process(AHP). In next step with usingGIS analytical function and weight of each layer in AHP Method integrated effective indicesmaps and prepared finally map in four classes from suitable to unsuitable. The results of thisstudy showed That areas with high suitability for artificial recharge projects Often in alluvialfan geomorphological units and often located in less than 3 percent slopes.. Ground controlsshowed that high compliance between site selection and projects implemented in the studyarea.