sina valiee

Management in nursing is critical, and the effort to improve this course has a vital role in nursing. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the degree of satisfaction of nursing students with the management internship unit.

The current study is a cross-sectional study conducted in 1401. The research samples included all undergraduate nursing students of the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences who used the total number method. The inclusion criteria included being an undergraduate nursing student, having a nursing management theory unit, and being willing to participate in research.The exclusion criteria included guest and transfer students in the final year of study and incomplete questionnaire completion. The data was collected using demographic and management internship satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Spss-16 software and descriptive statistical tests.

In this study, 105 undergraduate nursing students in the eighth semester completed the questionnaire. Among the students, 55 (52.38 %) were male and 50 (47.62%) were female. The study results showed that most participants (76.32 %) were dissatisfied with the current method of conducting nursing management unit internships in the hospital.

The results of the present study showed that the student's satisfaction with the current method of conducting nursing management internship is shallow, so it is suggested that new approaches to clinical education to improve students' satisfaction with the management internship. Nursing should be done.

Utilizing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is pivotal in averting infection transmission to both patients and nurses. The attitude of nurses is a critical determinant in their compliance with PPE usage. This study seeks to explore the correlation between the attitudes of Iranian nurses and their beliefs, experiences, and knowledge concerning the application of PPE.

In this cross‑sectional study, 303 nurses employed in hospitals affiliated with Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were chosen using a quota sampling technique. Between April and June 2022, they completed self‑administered questionnaires, which consisted of a Demographic Information form and a four‑part questionnaire on “Attitude, Belief, Experience, Knowledge” concerning the utilization of PPE. Data were analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The multiple linear regression model was applied to investigate the relationship between attitude scores and various examined variables.

The findings indicated that most participants held bachelor’s degrees (93.07%), and their attitude scores toward using PPE exceeded 3.25 out of 6 for all 12 questions. Female gender, increased work experience, and higher organizational positions exhibited positive and significant associations with a favorable attitude toward PPE utilization. Conversely, the absence of training related to PPE, a lack of belief in infection control, and limited knowledge displayed negative correlations.

Nurses have an ethical obligation to adhere to infection control guidelines, including consistently utilizing PPE, regardless of the level of infection risk or the visibility of the infection. Continuous training and regular monitoring of nurses in this context are indispensable.

The triage system of the emergency department prioritizes patients to receive medical care, and errors in prioritizing patients can have serious consequences. This study aims to evaluate the Performance Emergency Severity Index in the triage of trauma patients referred to the emergency department of Ashayer Shohada Khorramabad Hospital in 2023.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted using an available sampling method on 375 trauma patients referred to the emergency department. First, the reliability of the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage was calculated by examining the agreement between observers (inter-rater reliability) and Cohen's kappa statistical test. Then, to validate the levels of severity, in the absence of a gold standard, the outcome of trauma patients was used as an alternative marker. Researchers compared the results of nurse's triage for each of the outcomes, and based on this comparison, the validity of ESI triage was evaluated in terms of heavy and light triage. The obtained data were analyzed using STATA-17 software, and the chi-square test was used to validate the triage. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The findings of the present study showed that the percentage of patients assigned to levels one; two, three, four, and five were 2.94, 15.2, 61.6, 12.53, and 7.73, respectively. Kappa calculated from the inter-rater agreement for ESI triage was determined to be 0.7. The ESI triage system generally had an error in 23.2% of the performed care prioritization.

According to findings, ESI triage has high inter-rater reliability in performance. In terms of validity however, it needs a serious review, and most of the trauma patients are placed at the level of three ESI triages, and a large collection of undifferentiated patients is created, which weakens the main purpose of triage.

Nurses are considered one of the most important members of the healthcare system in facing pandemics, including COVID-19. This study was conducted to explain the nurses' experiences in caring for patients diagnosedwith COVID-19.

Methods & Materials:

This studywas a qualitative systematic review.Astructuredsearch was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, MedNar, and ProQuest. All qualitative studies describing nurses’ experiences of caringfor patientswithCovid-19were included.This reviewwas conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews. Themes and narrative statements were extracted from included papers using the JBI SUMARI data extraction tool.

The findings of 46 qualitative studies were included in this systematic review. From the data analysis, four themes "Professional Development", "Psychological exhaustion", "Care Challenges" and "Work-family conflict" were extracted.

Nurses have experienced conflicts between their work and family and challenges when caring for patients with COVID-19. Hence, they were psychologically under pressure but professionally developed. To ensure the survival of nurses in critical situations, all their needs must be carefully monitored and the necessary support provided to them.

Nursing care is an essential part of health care services and should be fully provided. Missed nursing care is a major threat to patient safety and health care quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount and reasons for missed nursing care in infection control and prevention from the point of view of care providers working in the medical, educational, and therapeutic center of Besat Sanandaj during 2023.

This cross-sectional study was conducteed in Besat Hospital, one of the teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The research samples in this cross-sectional study included 389 nurses and midwives working in Besat Hospital who were included in the study by census. To collect data, three tools were used: a demographic information registration form, a questionnaire on the missed nursing care in infection prevention and control, and a questionnaire on factors related to missed care.

The findings of the present study showed that the average score of missed nursing care in infection prevention and control was 75.83 ± 23.28 and below the average. The most important missed nursing care from the point of view of the nurses and midwives of Besat Hospital was the use of personal protective equipment by the service personnel of the department (4.88 %), the report of the patient's infection status when transferred to another department or paraclinical unit such as radiology (3.86 %), and teaching patients about bathing before surgery (3.86 %). The most important factor of forgotten nursing care was unexpected increase in workload and number of patients in the ward (79.69 %) along with insufficient number of nursing and midwifery personnel in the ward (32.75 percent). A statistically significant relationship was observed between forgotten nursing care in infection prevention and control with the related factors (P = 0.0001), (R = - 0.1940).

The missed nursing care in the prevention and control of infection from the point of view of nurses and midwives of Besat Hospital was average. The most important factor was the unexpected increase in the workload the number of patients and the lack of personnel. The people participating in the research emphasized the role of systemic, organizational, and management factors in preventing effective infection control. Therefore, it seems necessary to reduce the factors that cause missed care with proper planning and management by reducing nurses' workload and providing budget and manpower.

Dealing with crises in the current era requires a fundamental change in science and technology, consumption patterns, and people’s relationship patterns, which demands new strategies, alternatives, and administrative methods to deal with different realities of life. Due to the severe outcome of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, governments had to intensify their efforts to deal with this disease and make decisions to manage the crisis and its extreme economic, health, and educational consequences. This qualitative study was conducted in 2023 and aimed to explain the healthcare executives’ decision-making structure in the COVID-19 crisis.

This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis method. 14 managers working in health and treatment sectors of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran were selected with purposeful samplingin 2023. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

The results led to the extraction of 3 main categories, seven sub-categories, and 16 primary categories. The executives had made decisions, based on their point of view, to deal with COVID-19 in pre-crisis (including the sub-categories of crisis initiation signal recognition, preparing to resist the crisis, and preventing the geographical spread), during-crisis (preventing the crisis damage, limiting the crisis injuries), and post-crisis (including sub-categories of recovery of management and guidance systems and learning from the experiences) phases.

Based on the results of this study, scientific management and the characteristic of leadership over people can be a way forward for healthcare managers to organize in crises.

Pain management is one of the most important components of patient care, and the nurse plays a key role in its management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the care program based on the "Roy’s Adaptation Model" on the pain of patients in the surgical ICU.

This triple-blind clinical trial study was conducted in 2016 on 100 patients in the intensive care unit. Two surgical ICU wards in Sanandaj Basath Hospital were randomly selected as the intervention and control wards. Eligible patients in each department were assigned to the intervention or control group separately by simple random method. In the intervention group, care based on adaptation model was performed; and in the control group, routine care was done. Patients' pain was measured twice a day for 7 days based on pain measurement scale. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software ver21.

The mean pain score during seven days was 4.43 and within seven nights was 4.66 in the intervention group; while in control group it was 4.75 during seven days and 4.77 during seven nights. Also, pain in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Care based on the adaptation model by nurses had an effect on reducing the pain of patients in the intensive care unit. It is suggested to provide organized nursing care based on nursing patterns in order to improve the health of patients in the special care department

The theory-practice gap is one of the critical problems of nursing. This gap can affect the quality of patient care. This study aimed to investigate the theory-practice gap and its associated factors in the view of nursing students.

A cross-sectional survey with census sampling was done on 179, 3rd to 8th semester, undergraduate nursing students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. A self-designed three-part questionnaire including "demographic characteristics", " theory-practice gap" and "factors associated with the theory-practice gap" was used. The data were analyzed by STATA version 12 using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis tests considering a statistically significant level of 0.05.

There was a significant relationship between factors related to instructors and semester (P=0.0019). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the gap and the total score of the factors (P=0.0092, r=0.1943). Multiple Regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the theory-practice gap and factors related to hospital and clinical practice (P=0.005), as well as factors related to educational planning (P=0.000). Factors related to educational planning were the most important factor affecting the theory-practice gap.

Considering the theory-practice gap from the viewpoint of students and the relationship between this gap and total score, it is necessary to apply appropriate strategies to reduce the theory-practice gap and revision of educational planning in order to avoid the gap generation and its complications.

Several issues cause agitation in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), which in turn causes many complications in patients. For this reason, various methods have been used to reduce agitation, each of which have advantages and problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the care plan based on the Roy adaptation model on the level of agitation in patients of the ICUs.

This triple-blind clinical trial study was conducted in 2015 on 100 patients in a ICU. Two ICU wards in Sanandaj Besat Hospital were randomly selected as intervention and control wards, and eligible patients in each ward were assigned to the intervention or control group separately by a simple random method. In the intervention group, care based on Roy adaptation model was performed and in the control group, routine care was performed. The data were collected using Richmond agitation scales.

The average agitation at different times did not show a significant difference between the control and intervention groups (P>0.05).

Care based on the Roy adaptation model by nurses did not affect the agitation of ICU patients. It is suggested to provide organized nursing care based on other nursing models in order to improve the health of patients in the ICUs.

Provision of pre-hospital care by emergency medical services (EMS) requires paying attention toself-care and patient care against possible infections. The present study was conducted with the aim of deter-mining the level of self-care and patient care against COVID-19.

The present correlational, descrip-tive, analytical study was carried out on 301 EMS personnel in Iran. Data were collected using a demographicinformation form and questionnaires made by the researcher on the level of self-care and patient care againstCOVID-19.

The results showed that more than half of the participants (55%) were aged 27 to 34 years.The majority of the participants had an experience of participating in self-care (88.7%) and patient care (83.7%)training courses against COVID-19. The overall score of self-care was 55.96 ± 6.97 out of 72 and that of patientcare was 26.86± 3.39 out of 32, both of which revealed a favorable level. However, in some questions, the meanscore was lower than the optimal level. The lowest mean score among items related to self-care against COVID-19 was allocated to wearing protective clothing (1.77±1.19). Among items related to patient care against COVID-19, the lowest mean score was related to training the patient about hand hygine after touching contaminatedequipment (2.83±1.08 out of 4). There was a positive (r=0.491) and significant correlation between self-care andpatient care against COVID-19 (p=0.001) based on our findings.

Although the general level of self-care and patient care against COVID-19 was favorable, due to the undesired level of some domains, it seemsnecessary to implement corrective planning through periodical training and monitoring the performance of thepersonnel.

Breaking bad news (BBN) is a critical aspect of healthcare delivery that can have significantimplications for patients’ outcomes. Inadequate and inappropriate delivery of bad news can result in detrimentalpsychological and emotional effects. This study aimed to compare the performance of emergency department(ED) personnel and patients’ preferences in BBN. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2022, and 135 patients who were admitted to theED were included using quota sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a researchermadequestionnaire, and a standard questionnaire on attitudes toward the methods of BBN in the ED. The datawere analyzed using SPSS software (version 16), and a p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that the majority of patients (69.6%) received bad news from nurses. Based on theconditions mentioned in the standard questionnaire, the overall performance of personnel was 6.08±4.22 out of19, while the overall attitude score (59.66±7.66 out of 76) revealed patients’ high tendency to receive bad news.There was a statistically significant difference between the total score of personnel performances and the totalscore of patients’ attitudes (p=0.001). The performance of ED personnel concerning patients’ attitudes toward the method of BBN inthe emergency department was not optimal. Therefore, it is recommended to implement appropriate trainingprograms for medical professionals, especially physicians, and nurses, to enhance their communication skillsand reduce the detrimental effects of inappropriate delivery of bad news in medical settings.

Male nurses face various challenges in caring for female patients, such as the patients’ refusal of nursing care and sexual accusations. Communication, as a prominent element in providing high-quality health care services, can lead to or inhibit patient satisfaction and health. Professional nurse-patient communication is so important that some nursing theorists have based their theories on this type of communication and consider it an art in the nursing profession. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate female patients’ experiences of barriers to effective communication with opposite-gender nurses.
The present qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 female patients. These patients were hospitalized in different wards and received care from an opposite-gender nurse. Interviewing was the main method of data collection. Graneheim and Lundman’s method was used to perform content analysis. The general stages of data interpretation include initial encoding and the formation of subthemes and themes based on the similarities and differences.
The main theme extracted following data analysis was ignorance of the patient in communication. This theme comprised of three subthemes, including negligence in maintaining patient privacy, one-way communication, and biased behavior.
Based on the findings, the experience of female patients receiving care from male nurses was accompanied by feelings of annoyance. Male nurses are suggested to respect patient privacy, obtain permission before doing private procedures, and provide care for female patients without prejudice and abuse.

Incivility during the learning process has consequences for instructors and learners. The purpose of this study was to explore the strategies clinical instructors use in the prevention of nursing students’ incivility during their preparatory nursing training.

This study was conducted using qualitative methods involving semi-structured interviews of clinical instructors who were selected by purposive sampling. 10 interviews were conducted and data saturation was achieved. The text of the interviews was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis (Graneheim and Lundman 2004).

In order to prevent incivility, strategies included restating the rules and boundaries, culture shaping through group work, reenergizing the students, and coordinating instruction. Incivility requires a range of active management approaches and pre-planning to reduce incidence.

Clinical instructors and educational managers should continually monitor incivility within their educational systems and seek innovative and effective approaches to address issues as they arise. Incidence of incivility is an increasing likelihood and planning is necessary to raise awareness for students and instructors of these behaviors, in order to establish a closer working relationship and become familiar with each others’ perspectives. This will help foster a culture conducive to learning rather than conflict.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis has unprecedented pressure to the health systems around the world. Missed nursing care as a care that is needed by the patient but is omitted affects the quality and safety of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate and causes of missed nursing care of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Saqez and Diwandara hospitals.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on 110 nurses working in the special care units for COVID-19. Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire and the Forgotten Care Questionnaires were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using STATA version 12 software and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests.

The mean score of missed nursing care in ICUs for Covid-19 was 55.18 (20.24). The most common missed nursing care was controlling the patient's O2 saturation (18.75%) and recording the necessary information of patients (17.86%). The highest percentage of the factors related to missed nursing care was assigned to the lack of nursing staff (86.61%). The most common causes of neglected nursing care were lack of nursing staff (86.61%), lack of assistants or secretaries (74.77%), and the large volume of activities related to the admission and discharge of patients (67.66%).

A high percentage of nursing care in the special care units of Covid-19 is lost under the influence of factors such as the shortage of nursing staff and forced overtime working hours beyond the tolerance of nurses. Nursing managers can create appropriate interventions to support the professional role of nurses during the pandemic by considering related factors.

Asthma is an airway disease that threatens the lives of more than millions of people .The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of stress and depression in people with asthma aged 18-55 years in Sanandaj.

The method of the present study was a case study and patients with asthma referred to the Asthma and Allergy Clinic were selected by convenience sampling method and by obtaining their satisfaction using the Cohen Stress and Beck Depression Inventory, the required data were collected.106 patients with asthma and 106 healthy individuals in the case and control groups were matched in terms of age and sex. In this study, absolute and relative frequencies were used to describe qualitative variables and mean and standard deviation were used to describe quantitative variables. Multiple logistic regression model was also used to investigate the relationship between asthma and stress and depression. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-test independently using SPSS software version 23.

According to the results of the multiple logistic regression model, by adjusting the effect of the studied demographic variables, a significant relationship between depression and asthma was observed (P=0.018); Accordingly, one unit increase in depression scores increases the odds of asthma by 10%. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between stress and asthma (P=0.684).

The results of the study show the high level of stress and depression in the examination group compared to the control group. Also, the variable of depression as a possible risk factor can increase the chance of developing asthma, which needs further investigation in future studies.

There has been no validated instrument to identify barriers and facilitators to practicing preventive COVID-19 measures.

The present study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument to identify facilitators and barriers to practicing COVID-19 preventive measures.

The present study was conducted in two phases from September 2020 to December 2021. In the first phase, the researchers interviewed 20 residents of Sanandaj city, Iran, recruited using the purposive sampling method. Thematic analysis was done to elicit the initial codes from the interview scripts; then, themes were generated to develop the questions. In the second phase, psychometric properties of the test, including face validity, content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency, were investigated among 100 people using an online questionnaire. Afterward, the face, content, and construct validity were investigated through exploratory factor analysis. The entry criterion included people living in Sanandaj city, and the exit criterion was unwillingness to continue cooperation.

Participants included nine women and 11 men, with an average age of 28.95 years. After finishing the first phase of the study, 24 statements were generated. They were expanded into 31 statements after reviewing the related literature. The statements were categorized into three classes: adherence to practice, barriers, and facilitators. The results revealed five factors for adherence to practice, two factors for facilitators, and two factors for barriers. The instrument's reliability was reported at 0.91, calculated using Cronbach's alpha.

The developed instrument might help investigate barriers and facilitators to practicing COVID-19 preventive measures. The findings may result in developing more effective strategies to promote practicing COVID-19 preventive measures.

Cancer is one of the most important health-related issue in Iran and Worldwide. Cancer-related fatigue can persist even years after chemotherapy, and fatigue reduces the person's ability to work, activity, and trying to maintain a normal life. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the family-centered empowerment model on the level of fatigue of the patients undergoing chemotherapy.

This is a semi experimental study in which 80 people were selected by convenience sampling method from the patients of blood 1 and 2 sections who were hospitalized in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia city, Iran. The family-centered empowerment model was enrolle in 4 main steps included: 1- understanding the threat, 2- promoting self-efficacy/problem solving, 3- promoting self-confidence and self-esteem through educational participation, and 4- evaluating the accomplishment of the task; These procedures were performed for the intervention group during 3 months in the 2nd Blood Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. Cancer fatigue scale tool and demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, and chi-square test using STATA version 12 software.

At the beginning of the study, the two intervention and control groups did not have a significant difference in terms of the average fatigue score (p=0.649). After the intervention, the average fatigue score of the intervention group (34.57 ± 4.10) decreased significantly compared to the control group (46.77 ± 5.43) (p<0.001).

The results of the study showed that empowering the family members responsible for the care of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy has reduced the level of fatigue in the patients. Nurses are advised to help them reduce the side effects of chemotherapy by applying the family-oriented empowerment model and consciously involving the patient and family in making decisions to improve their health.

Pressure ulcer (PU) is a common problem in intensive care unit (ICU). Risk assessment is the first step to PU prevention. Nonetheless, there is no consensus over the best PU risk assessment scale.

The objective of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the Braden and the Waterlow scales in predicting the risk of PU in ICU.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 186 patients hospitalized in ICUs of Tohid and Kowsar teaching hospitals, Sanandaj, Iran. The Braden and the Waterlow scales were simultaneously used by two trained nurses for daily PU risk assessment for 15 consecutive days. The predictive validity of the scales was assessed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

The mean of participants’ age was 55.6 ± 20.3 years. In total, 102 participants (54.8%) developed PU during the study. The sensitivity and the specificity of the Braden scale at the cutoff score of 18 were 97% and 34.5% and the sensitivity and the specificity of the Waterlow scale at the cutoff score of 10 were 95% and 28.5%, respectively.

Compared with the Waterlow scale, the Braden scale has a slightly better predictive validity for PU risk assessment.

Due to the high mortality of patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the provision of high quality nursing care, especially for patients admitted to these wards, is of great importance, so the quality of death and dying in these wards is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of dying and death from the perspective of nurses working in intensive care units.

The present study was performed cross-sectional in the teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The research samples in this cross-sectional study were 105 nurses working in intensive care units who were selected by census. Data collection tools included two sections: demographic information, Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire (QODD).

The results of the present study showed that the mean and standard deviation of the quality of dying and death variable were 37.15±13.47 and below the mean. Among the items related to the quality of death, the highest average was related to receiving appropriate sedation during the stay in the intensive care unit (5.80±2.41) and being touched or hugged by loved ones (4.90±2.78) and the lowest average quality of care was related to having a spiritual ceremony before the patient's death (2.12±2.59) and having one or more visits to a religious or spiritual counselor (2.24±2.66). There was a statistically significant relationship between the quality of dying and death and the history of passing training courses related to dying and death (P=0.03).

It is recommended to hold training courses related to quality dying and death care criteria for personnel working in intensive care units, as well as to evaluate the quality of mortality care from the perspective of the families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Chemical restraints are drugs used to restraint a patient's involuntary movements or emergency control of the patient's aggressive behavior and to cause sedation and pain relief, reduce symptoms, and reduce the likelihood of harming oneself or others. Improper use of chemical restraints can lead to complications in patients and can even delay the separation of patients under mechanical ventilation from the ventilator. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors in nurses' use of chemical restraints in patients admitted to intensive care units.

This was an observational study. The statistical society of the research included 160 hospitalized patients in intensive care units (ICU) at Kowsar hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. After 8 hours of hospitalization and stability of their conditions, those patients in intensive care units were assessed based on administrating of chemical restraint by nurses. Data was collected through patients’ information forms, and observational checklists, then analyzed by SPSS 21, independent t-test, Chi-2, Fisher, and Mann–Whitney. Independent risk factors for the administration of chemical restraint were investigated by using the logistic regression model.

Of the 160 patients admitted to intensive care units, 105 patients (65.62%) underwent chemical restraints. The most common time to use chemical restraints was during the night shift and then the evening shift. Comparison of patients for whom chemical restraint was used or not, showed that the two groups in terms of smoking history (P=0.037), intubation (P=0.0001), dressing (P=0.001) and drain (P=0.001) as well as NGT (P=0.010), GCS (P=0.012), FOUR score (P=0.050), type of nursing shifts (P=0.017), restlessness (P=0.004) Had a statistically significant difference. Relationship between BMI variables, alcohol addiction, drug addiction, having a catheter, fixator and traction, delirium, having a dressing, nurse to patient ratio, underlying disease and mechanical ventilation mode using limiters Chemical was not significant (P>0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that between smoking (P=0.041, OR=3.232), being intubated (P=0.0001, OR=75.959), having a drain (P=0.016, OR=2.669), FOUR score (P=0.0001, OR=0.944), there was a significant relationship using chemical restraints.

Regarding the results of the study, it could be concluded that the administration of chemical restraint is increasing among nurses in intensive care units (ICU). Therefore, the necessity of the clinical guidelines and policies for the administration of chemical restraint are highlighted.

Providing safe care is one of the nursing goals and medication errors are considered as one of the threatening factor for patient safety. The aim of this study was to determine the nursing students’ experience of medication errors and its related factors.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 nursing students, from third to eighth semester, in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, enrolled through the census. Data collection was performed using a three-part questionnaire including demographic features, types of medication errors and its causes. Data were analyzed through using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and correlation coefficient.

The average number of student medication errors in the past semester was 20 (16.4%), in which 16 (13.1%) of them reported their errors. The most common types of medication errors was errors in determining the type of medication (66.4%, n=81). Also, the most common cause of medication errors in the viewpoints of nursing students were the lack of pharmacological information among students (83.1%, n=102), illegibility of drug orders (76.3%, n=93) and distraction (73.8%, n=90).

Based on the findings of this study, effective clinical and theoretical pharmacological educations are essential for increasing the pharmaceutical information of the students in order to reduce the amount of medication errors. It is necessary to increase the pharmacological information of nursing students by organizing various pharmacological workshops and giving time to students from training and internship to pharmaceutical conferences.

Drug abuse is one of the global problems and despite the effectiveness of treatment methods, it often recurs over time.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of motivational interviews on temptation and relapse in patients treated with Buprenorphine referred to addiction treatment clinics.

The research was applied and quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group, the study population was patients treated with Buprenorphine who were referred to addiction treatment clinics in Marivan in 2020. In this study, 42 people were selected by random sampling method and assigned to two groups of 21 intervention and control. Data collection tools included a substance use temptation questionnaire after withdrawal, a return prediction questionnaire along laboratory tests. Data were analyzed using STATA-12 and SPSS-25 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests of Wilcoxon, Man Whitney and Pearson's chi-squared test.

The results showed that intervention and control groups were statistically homogeneous. Before the intervention, the mean score of temptation was 74.42±11.31 and recurrence was 121.80±7.80. After the intervention, the mean score of temptation was reduced to (51.33±9.15) and recurrence of consumption was reduced to (108.76±10.62); therefore, there was a statistically significant difference between intervention and control groups (p<0.001).

The results showed that motivational interview was effective on the rate of temptation and recurrence of patients. Therefore, designing and using motivational interviews is recommended for caregivers in the psychiatric and addiction wards along with other addiction therapies.

Type II diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases that its incidence is increasing among adolescents. Self-care training with a focus on reducing perceived stress leads to a decrease in the complications of diabetes and its better control. This study was conducted to assess the effect of self-care education on perceived stress among type II diabetes patients.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on control and intervention groups design. The statistical population consisted of diabetic patients referring to the diabetes clinic, among which 88 samples were selected by availability sampling method and divided into the case and control groups (n=44 in each) using the toss of a coin method. At first, the demographic form and the Perceived Stress Scale were completed by both groups. Subsequently, the intervention group participated in four 60-minute sessions of diabetes self-care training and received the routine training of the center, while the control group only received the routine training of the diabetes clinic. The Perceived Stress Scale was completed once more by both groups 4 weeks after the intervention. Data collection tools included the demographic form and Perceived Stress Scale. The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS version 23 using independent and dependent t-tests.

The results indicated that there was no significant difference in perceived stress between case and control groups before the intervention; however, a significant difference was observed in this regard after the intervention (P<0.05). It was revealed that self-care training significantly reduced perceived stress among diabetes patients (P<0.0001).

Based on the findings, self-care training had a positive effect on perceived stress reduction. Therefore, the use of self-care training programs along with pharmacological treatment is necessary for people with type II diabetes.

Due to the importance of work-family conflict, it is necessary to find its relationship with organizational variables like perceived organizational support. The present study investigated the relationship between work-family conflict and perceived organizational support in nurses of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 300 nurses working at educational hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A three-part questionnaire including demographic information, Carlson’s family-work conflict, and perceived organizational support of Eisenberg was used. Descriptive statistics and analytical statistical tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) and Spearman correlation coefficient were used.

The majority of the participants were female (64.2%) and married (55.9%). Work-family conflict was slightly higher than the mean. The dimensions of time-based work-family conflict (10.79±2.95) and strain-based work-family conflict (10.66±2.72) had the highest scores compared to other dimensions of work-family conflicts. Perceived organizational support was less than mean and there was a negative correlation between work-family conflict and perceived organizational support (r=-0.21, P=0.001).

The present study showed the importance of paying attention to reducing workfamily conflict by increasing perceived organizational support. Therefore, reducing the dimensions of work-family conflict is necessary and organizational managers should increase organizational support for nurses and thus reduce the conflict between nurses and family work.

Medication error represents one of the parameters of patient safety.

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of the effect of simulation-based debriefing on adherence to correct principles and medication administration competence in nursing students.

 Internship nursing students entered this experimental study using the census method. Afterward, the participants were assigned to intervention (n=18)and control (n=17) groups. Two methods were employed for data collection, namely observation and self-report questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using STATA software (version 12) and non-parametric statistical tests.

A significant statistical difference was found between the mean scores of adherence to correct principles of medication administration and medication administration competence before, 2, and 5 weeks after the simulation in the intervention group (P=0.0001).

The results revealed that the simulation-based debriefing improved the nursing students’ competence in medication administration. Therefore, this method in various groups of students and a clinical and practical environment is highly recommended for other students in clinical settings.