فهرست مطالب siyamak nayyeri fallah

The environment is a significant factor in understanding the hospital-user relationship and evaluation of patient satisfaction. Nowadays, unpleasant experiences are not only due to how medical services are provided in healthcare spaces, but also the poor quality of the environment and lack of attention to users’ needs increases psychological pressure and dissatisfaction. Public spaces as transitional and in-between spaces play an important role in patients' perceptional experiences in the hospital environment. Considering the importance of developing user-centered spaces in healthcare environments, suitable environmental quality in public spaces can help patients positively evaluate these spaces and improve their satisfaction. The current research aims to explain the features of the environmental quality of hospital public spaces that affect patients' general satisfaction. A conceptual framework presents the importance and role of these indicators in enhancing patients' satisfaction.

This descriptive-analytical research focused on the case study approach for the quantitative data. In addition to reviewing the library resources, the semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The study was conducted at Imam-Khomeini Hospital and Shafa Hospital in Sari City. Both medical centers provide various specialized medical services in Mazandaran province. The case studies were selected based on the criteria of reputation and number of referring patients, easy access to the hospital environment, presence of public spaces, and access to necessary information. A total of 205 patients participated in this research. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS software was used for data analysis.

Findings demonstrate that five main environmental components, including physicalpsychological comfort, visibility, accessibility, intelligibility, and relation ability as main factors of the environmental quality of hospital public spaces have been effective in patients' satisfaction. Also, accessibility, relation ability, and intelligibility in public spaces are the most significant factors in increasing patients' satisfaction. Relation ability in the hospital environment by providing open space, waiting rooms, and cafes can affect patients' experiences. Intelligibility and proper orientation by using color lines, signages, direct access, familiarity, and mental maps significantly affect patients' choice to prefer the hospital to other available healthcare centers among patients. Also, improving the visibility and environmental comfort like proper temperature and ventilation, cleanness, natural light and desired color, comfortable furniture, less noise, and security in public spaces can influence patients’ preference and trust in the hospital, and recommend the hospital to others.

Improving the environmental quality of hospital public spaces can lead to patients' general satisfaction, more trust in the hospital, recommendation of the hospital to others, and the desire to use the hospital again for receiving healthcare services. This study can help architects, designers, and healthcare managers improve the quality of existing or future public spaces to strengthen patients' satisfaction by providing a useful framework in response to patients' needs and expectations.

A person's presence in any type of space and place is different depending on the type of perception he receives from that environment. This difference is due to various reasons such as differences in personality, the feeling that is experienced, the processing of received information, the interactions that occur in that environment, etc. The current research examines the effective components from the perspective of psychology and psychology in the field of architecture and urban planning by reflecting on the different theories of psychologists. On the other hand, it analyzes spatial perception and examines its evolution from classical perspectives to contemporary interventions of cognitive psychology. This article explores the influence of spatial elements through renowned psychological theories like Kevin Lynch's mental maps, Roger Barker's behavioral environment, and Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory. By assessing the effects of lighting, colors, sounds, and spatial layout on users' psychology and cognition, the study integrates classic and contemporary viewpoints of these theorists. The aim is to offer a fresh viewpoint to assist designers and architects in creating spaces that meet users' current needs while also enhancing their spatial experiences. By emphasizing the influential components in psychology and cognition, the goal is to foster more dynamic and enjoyable environments. Since the integration of these perspectives in architecture and urban planning is lacking, a new conceptual model is proposed, emphasizing graphic and environmental design and spatial interactions in diverse settings.

Considering the role of academic spaces and their quality on the progress and efficiency of students, as well as providing a platform for increasing social interactions between them, open spaces as a part of university complexes can be the basis for the active presence of students, participation in collective activities and the use of the capabilities of the environment. Nowadays, the lack of or inappropriate quality of the furniture has led to the non-optimal use of students and as a result, decreasing their attendance and the dynamics of open spaces in these collections. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the role of the characteristics and indicators of the furniture in the seating area on social interactions and their presence in the use of these elements in the open space. This research is based on descriptive-analytical research and two documentary methods and a questionnaire have been used to obtain information, and the obtained information has been analyzed and evaluated by SPSS software in the case of Islamic Azad University of Sari. The results show that the furniture is mostly used for sitting and talking with friends on the university campus, and the performance of the furniture is more satisfactory compared to its beauty and form. In addition, there is a relationship between social interactions and factors affecting attendance, and this means that increasing the number of social interactions will result in more attendance. In future research, the internal relationships of the investigated indicators and their results can be developed.

People-centered threats have a special place in passive defense. These threats come not from a foreign enemy but from one of the most valuable assets - the people. By acknowledging non-violence in the face of this type of threat, the science of passive defense, is one of the most appropriate ways to deal with these threats. In this regard, the five goals defined in this science express the need for comprehensive and specialized knowledge of variables and their nature, and by recognizing the variables, the possibility of monitoring and evaluating them and thus predicting and managing the crisis is provided. The main purpose of this study is to extract and prioritize macro variables affecting passive defense with emphasis on people-centered threats. This research descriptively-analytically and during the field survey process, first with the tools of library study and interviews, the variables are extracted and then prioritizes them in the range of threats of people in passive defense. In the research process, eight macro variables were extracted, the first priority being related to the domestic policy variables, and among its sub-variables, the political legitimacy variable has a higher priority than the other variables. The macro variable of social criteria is in the second priority, and among its five subsets, the variable of class balance has a higher priority than other variables. The results of the study strongly emphasize the importance of non-physical variables in the face of people-centered threats.

There has been an increasing focus on culture in studies related to sociology scope in architecture in past years. The changes in people’s living styles and expectations by preplanned methods and allegorical manipulation in advertisements caused a tendency on masses of society and people’s willingness for using the products in urban planning and architecture scope that is on the way of the propagandist’s policy and goals. Since the "critical theory paradigm" is in search of discovering the essence of the social fact that is hidden in the infrastructure of society and declaring these facts as a result of cultural, political, economic, and moral factors during the time; the paradigm of this research is critical theory and focus on the layers of society. This research has investigated about three hypothesizes by a triangulation strategy which contains qualitative case study analysis, theoretical comparison, and logical reasoning by formalizing propositions and (with a hierarchical perspective) is in search of discovering the influencing mechanism of internet platforms and cyberspaces in contemporary man kind's essence and his needs in new-era societies and also along that, the way of influencing these factors on architecture typologies (and the measure of using digital-era human) in public urban spaces. It is necessary to have a logical mechanism for scrutinizing the discussed hypothesis. In other research that was about the role of propaganda in persuading people to use some specific architecture typology; There is no study that is in search of discovering a relationship between the hierarchical role of macro and micro policies of the government and evincing new concepts in architecture and there is a gap in this field of studies. In a temporary era, humans have an intense penchant for new communication technologies. According to this, contemporary man kind's essence has been transformed. Published content on cyberspace platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Flicker and etc. can be under the effect of government policies and affect culture and people's expectations. The qualitative case study analysis shows that cyberspace is an appropriate context for persuading people to new types of architecture according to theoretical comparison it can be said that the government policy propagates new concepts in architecture by impressing the culture of society. Architecture affords many concepts in addition to the providing required context for a system of setting and celebrity architects schematize new concepts in that society through a new type of architecture. Finally, based on the Truth value of the hypothesis it can result that propaganda and the imposed policy of society have a role in controlling new types of architecture and the designed works of celebrity architects and also in evincing new concepts in architecture.

The significant outbreak of autism as a profound developmental disorder in children can be considered the result of modern machine life. It is a disorder that has not fully responded to the medication. Therefore, the use of natural healing supports and the forces of nature is recognized as one of the complementary solutions. The current study aimed to achieve the landscape design criteria that support the treatment of autistic children to identify "landscape design criteria that meet the needs of autistic children" to provide solutions to use these spatial quality criteria. The significance of this study was to take steps to achieve the applicable details in the spaces supporting the treatment of autistic patients so that its results can be utilized as design guidelines. The current research was applied-theoretical with qualitative and quantitative approach and case study. The data collection tools were library studies on the related research to achieve a strong theoretical framework, behavioral observation, and interview using the Delphi technique with the participating experts. The target population included 30 psychologists and experts in the area of autistic children in Tehran selected purposeful and non-randomly based on the saturation method. The collected data were analyzed using NVivo software, and a triangulation method was used to improve the validity of the findings. According to the research results and findings, the landscape components supporting the treatment of children with autism were identified. Then, these results led to presenting special recommendations for designing or spatial guidance. The measures and guidelines based on the specific details will have a positive effect on the treatment process of the user children.