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فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

soheila rezaei

  • Soheila Rezaei, Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh *, Mohammad Hossein Gholizadeh, Ali Fayazi, Khosro Rezaee
    Introduction
    Due to breast cancer's prevalence as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accurate survival prediction models are crucial. This study aimed to use an optimized deep neural network to predict breast cancer patient survival.
    Material and Methods
    The present study is an analytical study. The information utilized in this research is derived from the METABRIC database, associated with the molecular categorization of breast cancer patients, from the International Federation of Breast Cancer's Molecular Taxonomy Data. The total number of patients studied is 1981. Of these, 888 patients were under care until their death, and the remaining patients withdrew from the study during its course. In this database, 22 clinical features of patients have been considered, which includes a total of 6 quantitative features and 16 qualitative features. A deep neural network model called the optimized DeepHit is used to predict survival. The optimal parameters for specific variables of the neural network are obtained by the Bayesian algorithm.
    Results
    The optimized model has achieved the criterion of c_index = 0.748, which is a criterion for measuring the capability of survival analysis models.
    Conclusion
    The proposed model was compared with previous models using real and synthetic datasets. The results show that the optimized DeepHit achieved significantly better performance and statistically significant improvements over previous methods.
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms, Deep Learning, Health Information Systems, Medical Informatics, Prognosis, Survival Analysis
  • Soheila Rezaei, Leila Kashani Vahid, Maryam Asaseh *, Gholamali Afrooz, Babak Shekarchi
    Objective

     The present study aimed to present a structural model of resilience based on psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer.

    Methods and Materials: 

    The research method is descriptive and correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study included all parents of children with cancer under the care of the Mahak Institute in 2022, whose children were undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and were in the treatment process. The sample size was considered to be 250 individuals, selected through convenience sampling. In the end, 236 completed and eligible questionnaires were obtained. The primary data for this study were collected using the Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the Life Orientation Questionnaire (Scheier & Carver, 2015), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001). Descriptive statistics (central indices, skewness-kurtosis) and inferential statistics, including structural equation modeling, were used to analyze the data.

    Findings

     The results of the study, through correlation and regression tests, indicated that the structural model of the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer fits well. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies do not mediate the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism in parents of children with cancer.

    Conclusion

     Resilience, psychological optimism, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, as an intertwined set, play a fundamental role in overcoming psychological and emotional disturbances in parents of children with cancer.

    Keywords: Resilience, Psychological Optimism, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Strategies
  • Soheila Rezaei, Leila Kashani Vahid, Maryam Asaseh, Gholamali Afrooz, Babak Shekarchi
    Objective

     The present study aimed to provide a structural model of the relationship between resilience and the psychological well-being of parents of children with cancer, with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

    Materials and Methods

      The study population included all parents of children with cancer under the care of the Mahak Institute in the year 2022, whose children were undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or were in the treatment process. A total of 250 participants were selected through convenience sampling, and eventually, 236 completed questionnaires were eligible for analysis. The primary data for this study were collected using the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), the General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg and colleagues (1972), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski et al. (2001). Descriptive statistics (central indices, dispersion) and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling) were used for data analysis.

    Findings

     The results of the study, through correlation and regression analysis, indicated that the structural model of the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being, with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, fits well in parents of children with cancer.

    Conclusion

     According to the results, since there is no difference in the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, both can be applied to reduce obsession syndromes amongst people with the disorder.

    Keywords: resilience, mental health, cognitive emotion regulation strategies
  • سهیلا رضایی، حسین قیومی زاده*، محمدحسین قلی زاده، علی فیاضی

    با توجه به اهمیت و شیوع سرطان پستان به عنوان دومین علت مرگ در بین بیماری های سرطانی در جهان، دسترسی به مدل هایی که با دقت بالا بتوانند بقای این بیماران را در افراد مبتلا پیش بینی نمایند، موردتوجه است. هدف از این مطالعه، استفاده از شبکه عصبی عمیق بهینه سازی شده برای پیش بینی بقای بیماران مبتلا به سرطان پستان است. مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه تحلیلی هست. داده های مورداستفاده از بانک داده ای METABRIC مربوط به طبقه بندی مولکولی از بیماران مبتلابه سرطان سینه مجمع بین المللی هست. تعداد کل بیماران موردبررسی 1981نفر هست. از این تعداد 888 نفر از بیماران تا لحظه مرگ تحت مراقبت و بقیه در حین مطالعه از ادامه مطالعه صرف نظر کرده اند. در این دیتاست به 21 ویژگی کلینیکی بیماران توجه شده است که در کل شامل 6 ویژگی کمی و 15 ویژگی کیفی هست. جهت پیش بینی بقا از مدل شبکه عصبی عمیق DeepHit بهینه سازی شده استفاده می شود. مدل بهینه سازی شده توانسته است معیار 73/0 c_index= را، که معیاری برای سنجش قابلیت مدل های آنالیز بقا است کسب کند. مقایسه با مدل های قبلی بر اساس مجموعه داده های واقعی و مصنوعی نشان می دهد که DeepHit بهینه سازی شده به پیشرفت های عملکردی بزرگ و آماری قابل توجهی نسبت به روش های سطح بالا دست یافته است.

    کلید واژگان: استخراج ویژگی, یادگیری عمیق, تجزیه و تحلیل بقا, سرطان پستان
    Soheila Rezaei, Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh*, MohammadHossein Gholizadeh, Ali Fayazi

    Predicting and estimating the time it takes for an event of interest to occur base on available information is special assistance in how to deal with the event and handle it or provide solution to prevent the occurrence of the event. In medicine, valuable information about evaluating the types of treatments and prognosis and providing solution to handle event can be gained by predicting the time that an event occurrence according to information recorded from patients. Many statistical solutions have been proposed for predicting the time that an event occurrence and the most professional method is Survival Analysis. The purpose of Survival Analysis is to predict the time that an event occurrence a model effective parameters in estimating the time, which can be control or eliminating problematic factors. Due to the importance and prevalence of breast cancer as the second leading cause of death among cancer patients in the world, access to models that can accurately predict the survival of breast cancer patients is very important. The present study is an analytical study. The data used in this study are taken from The Molecular Taxonomy Data of the International Federation of Breast Cancer (METABRIC) database, which is related to which is related to the molecular classification of breast cancer patients. The total number of patients studied was 1981. Of these, 888 patients were in care until the time of death and the rest did not continue the study during the study. In this database, 21 clinical features of patients have been considered, which includes a total of 6 quantitative features and 15 qualitative features. To predict survival, a deep neural network model called the optimized DeepHit is used. The optimized model has achieved the criterion of c_index = 0.73, which is a criterion for measuring the capability of survival analysis models. Comparisons with previous models based on real and synthetic datasets show that the optimized DeepHit has achieved great performance and statistically significant improvements over previous advanced methods.

    Keywords: Deep learning, Survival Analysis, Breast cancer
  • Behzad Fatemi, Soheila Rezaei, Mohammad Peikanpour *, Farzaneh Dastan, Ali Saffaei
    Background and purpose

    Though controversial, many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in COVID-19 cases. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of IVIG in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

    Experimental approach:

     A systematic search was performed in electronic databases and preprint servers up to November 20, 2021. Since substantial heterogeneity was expected, a random-effects model was applied to pool effect size from included studies to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the continuous variables and relative risks (RRs) for the dichotomous variable with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

    Findings/ Results

    Five randomized clinical trials and seven cohort studies were analyzed among the 12 eligible studies with a total of 2,156 patients. The pooled RR of mortality was 0.77 (CI 0.59-1.01, P-value = 0.06), and of mechanical ventilation was 1.50 (CI 0.29-7.83; P-value = 0.63) in the IVIG group compared with the standard care group. The pooled SMD of hospital length of stay was 0.84 (CI -0.43-2.11; P-value = 0.20) and of ICU length of stay was -0.07 (CI -0.92-0.78; P-value = 0.86) in the IVIG group compared with the standard care group.

    Conclusion and implications:

     This meta-analysis found that the IVIG therapy was not statistically different from the standard care group. Mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and length of ICU stay were not significantly improved among IVIG recipients. However, statistical indifference is not equal to clinical indifference.

    Keywords: Clinical efficacy, Intravenous immunoglobulin, Meta-analysis, Mortality rate, SARS-CoV-2infection, Systematic review
  • سهیلا رضایی، مریم کریمیان بستانی*، غلامرضا میری

    توسعه افسارگسیخته شهرنشینی تاثیرات و پیامدهای منفی بر کالبد شهرها به جای گذاشته و موجب برهم خوردن تعادل های اجتماعی و محیطی و درنتیجه ظهور سکونتگاه های غیررسمی و بافتی ناکارآمد شهری گشته است. رویکرد بازآفرینی شهری با ایجاد تغییرات مثبت و پایدار در پی ارتقای این بافته ای ناکارآمد می باشد. ازین رو هدف از این پژوهش شناسایی پیشران های کلیدی موثر بر بازآفرینی شهری با رویکرد آینده پژوهی در شهر زاهدان می باشد. پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف کاربردی، از حیث روش ترکیبی از روش های اسنادی و پیمایشی در سطح اکتشافی و مبتنی بر رویکرد آینده پژوهی است که با به کارگیری ترکیبی از مدل های کمی و کیفی صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه شامل مدیران، کارکنان و اعضای نهادهای فعال است که در بازآفرینی و نیز مدیریت و توسعه امور فرهنگی در این منطقه نقش دارند. روش جمع آوری اطلاعات مطالعات کتابخانه ای و میدانی است. در این تحقیق از روش های تحلیل ساختاری و تکنیک دلفی استفاده شده و نرم افزار مورداستفاده در این تحقیق MIC MAC می باشد. بر اساس نتایج مدل تحلیل ساختاری 10 شاخص به عنوان مهم ترین و کلیدی ترین شاخص های موثر بر بازآفرینی شهری در شهر زاهدان انتخاب شد که از میان این 10 شاخص انتخاب شده، هفت شاخص از گروه متغیر مدیرتی - نهادی و قانونی، دو شاخص از گروه متغیر اجتماعی - فرهنگی و یک شاخص هم از گروه متغیر محیطی و کالبدی بوده اند. درنتیجه مهم ترین و کلیدی ترین متغیر در بازآفرینی شهری در شهر زاهدان، متغیر مدیریتی - نهادی و قانونی می باشد و بهبود و ارتقاء توان کارشناسی و تخصصی شهرداری، یکپارچگی سیاست های بخش های مختلف شهری، تاکید بر وجود یک مرکز هماهنگ کننده سیاست ها و برنامه ریزی های شهری، تدوین استانداردهای ارزیابی خدمات مدیریت شهری، ملزم نمودن کلیه نهادهای رسمی و غیررسمی به همکاری و هماهنگی با بازآفرینی شهری از جمله مهمترین پیشنهادات در ارتباط با بازآفرینی شهر زاهدان می باشند.

    کلید واژگان: بازآفرینی شهری, آینده پژوهی, سکونتگاه های غیررسمی, شهر زاهدان
    Soheila Rezaei, Maryam Karimian Bostani *, Gholamreza Miri

    Rapid unprecedented development of urbanization has changed the balance of socio-environmental issues and making informal settlements and inefficient urban structures and as a result. The approach of urban regeneration approach tries to improve the inefficiency through positive and sustainable changes. Considering the issues, this study tried to identify the main drivers affecting the urban regeneration in Zahedan city, using futures study method. The statistical population of this mixed-method documentary and survey included managers, employees and members of active institutions that play a role in the regeneration, management, and development of cultural affairs of the city. Library and field studies were used to collect the data. Moreover, structural analysis, Delphi technique, and MIC MAC were used for data analysis. Based on the results of the structural analysis model, 10 indicators were selected as the main indicators that affect urban regeneration of Zahedan city: Seven indicators belong to the managerial-institutional and legal variable group, two indicators belong to the socio-cultural variable group and one indicator belong to the environmental and physical variables. Therefore, the key variable in urban regeneration of Zahedan is the administrative-institutional and legal variable. Among suggestions are: improving expertise in the municipality, integrating different policies of different departments, emphasizing the existence of a coordinating center for urban policies and planning, formulating service evaluation standards for urban management, obliging all official and unofficial institutions to cooperate with urban regeneration.

    Keywords: Urban Regeneration, future studies, Informal settlements, Zahedan city
  • علیرضا پاکدل، محسن شمس، سهیلا رضایی، علی موسوی زاده، نرگس روستایی، محمدمهدی بانشی*
    زمینه و هدف

    افزایش سطح آگاهی بهداشتی کارکنان تهیه، تولید و توزیع مواد غذایی تاثیر مستقیمی را در ارتقای سطح بهداشت عمومی جامعه دارد. سیستم آموزشی آموزشگاه های بهداشت اصناف نیز مانند سایر نظام های آموزشی، در برگیرنده درون داد، فرایند و برون داد آموزش هستند. هدف مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی این عناصر نظام آموزشی آموزشگاه های بهداشت اصناف شهر شیراز است.

    روش بررسی

    در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی به ارزیابی درون داد، فرایند و برون داد آموزشی 7 آموزشگاه بهداشت فعال در شهر شیراز پرداخته شد. عوامل موثر در درون داد آموزشگاه ها به کمک چک لیست بازرسی آموزشگاه های بهداشت، فرایند آموزش با استفاده از فرم رضایت سنجی و برون داد آموزشی به کمک چک لیست بازرسی اماکن آیین نامه ماده 13 ارزیابی شد. عملکرد بهداشتی تعداد 160 واحد صنفی دارای گواهینامه بهداشت و 160 واحد صنفی فاقد گواهینامه، به عنوان معیار اثربخشی، بررسی شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار  IBM SPSS21و به کمک ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، آزمون های آماری ناپارامتری من-ویتنی و کروسکال والیس تجزیه و تحلیل شد.

    یافته ها:

     یافته های ارزیابی درون داد آموزش، همبستگی قوی و ارتباط معنی داری را بین امتیاز کل ارزیابی آموزشگاه ها و "نحوه نظارت" (0/96)، "مدیر آموزشگاه" (0/941) نشان داد. همچنین در ارزیابی فرایند نیز "محیط آموزشی" و "کلیات برنامه های آموزشی" با ضریب همبستگی 0/99 و 0/84، بیشترین ارتباط را با نمره کل ارزیابی فرایند داشتند. در تمام زمینه های بهداشتی مورد بررسی، تفاوت معنی داری (0/001= p) بین میانگین نمره کسب شده توسط اصناف دارا و فاقد گواهینامه وجود داشت. میانگین نمره کسب شده توسط اماکن عمومی و مراکز تهیه و توزیع مواد غذایی دارای گواهینامه به ترتیب برابر با 91/81 و 70/71 بود.

    نتیجه گیری:

     آموزش بهداشت تاثیر زیادی در عملکرد بهداشتی افراد دارد. برخی عناصر تاثیر بیشتری را بر روی رسیدن به برون داد آموزشی مطلوب دارند. برای مثال، تجدیدنظر و به روزرسانی محتوای آموزش و تدوین برنامه آموزشی متناسب با تمامی گروه های آموزش گیرنده می تواند عملکرد برون داد فرایند آموزش را بهبود ببخشد.

    کلید واژگان: آموزش, آموزشگاه اصناف, بهداشت محیط, بهداشت صنوف, بازرسی بهداشتی
    Alireza Pakdel, Mohsen Shams, Soheila Rezaei, Ali Mousavizadeh, Narges Roustaei, MohammadMehdi Baneshi*
    Background and Objective

    Increasing the level of health awareness of food preparation and distribution staff can have a direct impact on improving the level of public health in the community. Education can change people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Health education courses that provide integrated education as well as to other education systems, include educational inputs, processes, and outputs. The objective of this research is to evaluate these elements of the educational system of health education courses in Shiraz.

    Materials and Methods

    The current study evaluated the educational input, process, and output of 7 current health education institutions in Shiraz. Factors that influence the input of educational courses were evaluated using an inspection checklist of health education courses, the educational process was measured employing a satisfaction survey, and the educational output was assessed through a checklist of inspection of Article 13 of the Regulations. The health performance of 160 guild health certified units and 160 uncertified education units was analyzed as a criterion for effectiveness. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS21 software. Data related to the assessment of the input and educational process were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical tests were also used for cross-group comparisons of output evaluation data.

    Results

    The findings of the educational input evaluation showed a strong correlation and a significant relationship between the overall evaluation score of the educational courses and the "observation" (0.96) "educational course principal" (0.94). Also, in the process evaluation, the "educational environment" and "general educational programs" with correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.84 had the most correlation with the overall process evaluation score. In all the health fields studied, there was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the average score obtained for educational courses with and without certificates. There was a significant difference (p <0.0001) between the mean score obtained by public health with and without health certification. The average score obtained by the certified public and non-public places was 91.81 and 70.71, respectively.

    Conclusion

    Health education can have a major impact on people's health performance. Some of the elements that make up the educational output have a greater impact on achieving the desired educational output. For example, the revision and updating of the educational content and the development of the educational program according to all groups of learners can improve the performance of the learning process and the satisfaction of learners.

    Keywords: Education, Guild school, Environmental health, Guild health, Health inspection
  • محسن همتی، نرگس روستایی، سهیلا رضایی، محسن شمس*
    زمینه و هدف

    با وجود اینکه پلاستیک ها امروزه به عنوان یکی از مشکلات زیست محیطی کشور به شمار می روند، توجه چندانی برای کاهش استفاده از آن نشده است. هدف این مطالعه طراحی، اجرا و ارزیابی یک مداخله مبتنی بر الگوی بازاریابی اجتماعی به منظور کاهش مصرف این محصولات در مراکز خریدبود.

    مواد و روش ها

    پژوهش حاضر دارای دو بخش توصیفی-تحلیلی و مداخله ای بود. در بخش توصیفی-تحلیلی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد 335 نفر از مراجعه کنندگان به مراکز خرید مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس تحلیل داده های مرتبط با این بخش، ساختار و محتوای مداخله طراحی و به مدت یک ماه در مراکز خرید اجرا شد. برای ارزیابی اثربخشی مداخله میانگین مصرف کیسه های پلاستیکی قبل و بعد از اجرای مداخله مقایسه شد.

    یافته ها

    راحتی استفاده به میزان 3/ 13درصد مهمترین دلیل استفاده مشتریان مراکز خرید از کیسه های پلاستیکی بود. بهترین راه حل های کاهش مصرف کیسه های خرید از نظر شرکت کنندگان در مطالعه به ترتیب آموزش و فرهنگ سازی (4/ 38درصد) و در دسترس قراردادن جایگزین های مناسب (7 /35درصد) بیان شد. نمره رفتار در زنان و مردان در سطوح مختلف تحصیلی و شغلی اختلاف آماری معنادار نداشت. میانگین مصرف ماهانه کیسه های پلاستیکی در مراکز خرید قبل از مداخله 226500 بود که پس از اجرای مداخله  با 3/ 13درصد کاهش به 196350 رسید (p<0/001).

    نتیجه گیری

    بر اساس یافته های مطالعه می توان نتیجه گرفت که راحتی استفاده از کیسه های پلاستیکی، مهمترین دلیل استفاده از آن است و بازاریابی اجتماعی یک رویکرد موثر در کاهش استفاده از کیسه های خرید پلاستیکی است.

    کلید واژگان: آموزش بهداشت, ارتقای سلامت, کیسه های خرید پلاستیکی, مراکز خرید, بازاریابی اجتماعی
    Mohsen Hemati, Narges Roustaei, Soheila Rezaei, Mohsen Shams*
    Background and Objective

    Although plastics are considered one of the country's environmental problems, little attention has been paid to reducing their use. This study aimed to design, implement and evaluate an intervention based on social marketing model to reduce the use of these products in shopping centers.

    Materials and Methods

    The present study consisted of descriptive-analytical and interventional phases. In the descriptive-analytical phase, the knowledge, attitude and practice of 335 people who referred to shopping centers were studied. Based on the analysis of data related to this section, the structure and content of the intervention was designed and implemented in shopping centers for one month. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, the average use of plastic bags in shopping centers was compared before and after the intervention.

    Results

    Ease of use by 13.3% was the most important reason for customers to use plastic bags. Education, culture building (38.4 %), and make suitable alternatives available (35.7 %) were presented as the best solution to reduce the use of plastic shopping bags. There was no statistically significant difference in behavior scores between men and women at different levels of education and employment. The average monthly use of plastic bags was equal to 226,500, which decreased by 13.3% to 196350 after the intervention (P-value<0.001).

    Conclusion

    Based on the study findings, it can be concluded the ease of use of plastic bags is the most important reason for its use and social marketing is an effective approach to reducing the use of plastic shopping bags.

    Keywords: Health education, Health promotion, Plastic shopping bags, Shopping centers, Social Marketing ing
  • Medical therapy versus percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft in stable coronary artery disease; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    Majid Davari, Mende Sorato, Behzad Fatemi *, Soheila Rezaei, Hamid Sanei
    BACKGROUND

    Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the first cause of mortality in the world. Stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common IHD. Medical therapy (MT), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are three strategies for the management of this disease. The main aim of this study was the comparison of MT with PCI or CABG in terms of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), unplanned revascularization (UR), stroke, and freedom from angina in managing stable CAD.

    METHODS

    The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were searched. Two reviewers independently appraised the titles and abstracted data of the identified studies. After the Full-text reviewing phase, eligible studies were analyzed through the random-effect meta-analysis method. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for the robustness of findings.

    RESULTS

    Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The pooled RR of CV mortality associated with MT compared with PCI and CABG was 1.22 and 1.385, respectively. Overall, The RR of MT associated with MI, UR, stroke, and freedom from angina compared with PCI was 1.001, 1.151, 0.799, and 0.801, respectively.

    CONCLUSION

    Our results revealed no statistically significant difference between MT and PCI in terms of studied primary outcomes. The findings also highlighted that there is no statistically significant difference between MT and CABG in terms of CV mortality.

    Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction, Medication Therapy Management, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Meta-Analysis
  • Majid Davari, Mende Mensa Sorato, Behzad Fatemi, Soheila Rezaei, Parham Sadeghipour, Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Fatemeh Soleymani
    Background

    All patients with stable coronary artery diseases (CAD) require medical therapy (MT) to prevent disease progression and recurrent cardiovascular events, alleviate symptoms, and reduce mortality. Nonetheless, little is known about the clinical outcomes of unrevascularized patients taking MT for stable coronary artery disease and the status of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor control in Iran

    Objective

    This study aims to evaluate the impact of medical therapy in unrevascularized CAD patients on risk factor modification and re-hospitalization among patients referred to the Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center.

    Methods

    An unmatched cohort study was conducted to collect demographic, risk factors, comorbidity, and re-hospitalization data about stable CAD patients in 2014 and followed until 2021. A multivariate regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between re-hospitalization as the dependent variable and independent variables.

    Results

    290 stable CAD patients were included in our cohort. More than 60% were males. The mean age of participants was (55.9±5.4) years. Being male, AOR = 0.513 (95% CI, 0.24 – 0.85, p= 0.048); hypercholesterolemia, AOR = 4.10 (95% CI, 1.07 – 15.62, p= 0.040); ejection fraction below 40%, AOR = 4.05 (95% CI, 1.50 – 10.97, p= 0.006); current smoker, AOR = 2.18 (95% CI,1.03 – 4.62, p= 0.042); three-vessel involvement AOR = 10.39 (95% CI, 2.37-45.77, p=0.002) were independently associated with re-hospitalization.

    Conclusion

    Gaps were identified concerning CAD risk factor control. Higher re-hospitalization was associated with female gender, smoking, presence of hypercholesterolemia, and reduced ejection fraction. Therefore, improving health lifestyle modification interventions tailored to individual patients with a particular focus on females is essential.

    Keywords: real-world evidence, heart disease risk factors, odds ratio, statin, therapy, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers
  • ارسلان جمشیدی، سید عبدالمحمد سادات، علیرضا رایگان شیراژی نژاد، سهیلا رضایی*، سید امیر مرادیان

    مقدمه:

    افزایش جمعیت ، تغییر الگوی مصرف، توسعه اقتصادی،تغییر درآمد ،شهر نشینی و صنعتی شدن سبب افزایش تولید مواد زاید و تنوع انواع پسماند گردیده است. شناخت منابع وانواع پسماند به همراه اطلاعاتی در مورد ترکیب و نرخ تولید ،پایه و اساس طراحی وبهره برداری سیستم های مدیریت پسماند می باشد. لذا در این مطالعه آنالیز کمی و کیفی اجزای تشکیل دهنده پسماند جامد شهری یاسوج صورت پذیرفته است.

    روش کار

    این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی در شهر یاسوج انجام گردید. جهت آنالیز کمی و تعیین درصد اجزا تشکیل دهنده پسماند شهری یاسوج بر اساس دستورالعمل ASTM تعداد نمونه ها برآورد گردید و از کامیون های ورودی به محل دفن در روزهای مختلف هفته نمونه برداری گردید.

    یافته ها

    میانگین سرانه زباله تولیدی در شهر یاسوج 03/1 کیلوگرم به ازای هر نفر در روز محاسبه شد و پسماند غذایی، پلاستیک و کاغذ و مقوا  به ترتیب حداکثر اجزا پسماند جامد شهری یاسوج بودند. میانگین چگالی پسماند جامد شهری Kg/m3  215 و درصد رطوبت 47 درصد بدست آمد.

    نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به وجود مقادیر قابل توجه اجزاء قابل بازیافت و با ارزش اقتصادی از قبیل پسماند فساد پذیر، پلاستیک ها و کاغذ و مقوا در پسماندهای منطقه و همچنین به منظور حفظ کیفیت آن ها آموزش مردم جهت  جداسازی پسماند در مبدا تولید و شرایط ایجاد بازار کار برای سرمایه گذاران توصیه می شود.

    کلید واژگان: پسماند جامد شهری, سرانه تولید زباله, بازیافت, یاسوج
    Arsalan Jamshidi, Seyed Abdolmohammad Sadat Sadat, Alireza Raygan Shirazi Nejad, Soheila Rezaei*, SA Moradian

    Increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization have led to increased production of waste materials and a variety of types of waste. Knowledge of sources and types of waste, along with information about the composition and production rate, is the basis for the design and operation of waste management systems. Therefore, in this study, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the components of Yasuj municipal solid waste has been done.

    Methods

    This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed  in Yasuj. For quantitative analysis and determination of the percentage of components of Yasuj municipal waste according to ASTM instructions, the number of samples was estimated and samples were taken from the trucks entering the landfill on different days of the week.

    Results

    The average per capita waste generated in Yasuj was calculated to be 1.03 kg per person per day and food waste, plastic, paper and cardboard were the maximum components of solid waste in Yasuj, respectively. The average density of municipal solid waste was 215 Kg / m3 and the moisture content was 48%.

    Conclusion

    Due to the existence of significant amounts of recyclable and economically valuable components such as perishable waste, plastics and paper and cardboard in the waste of the region and also in order to maintain their quality, educate people to separate waste at the source of production and create a labor market potential. Recommended for investors.

    Keywords: Municipal solid waste, waste quantity, waste quality, Yasuj
  • Atefeh Mousavi, Soheila Rezaei, Jamshid Salamzadeh, Ali Mirzazadeh, Farzad Peiravian, Nazila yousefi
    Background

    Reports, mostly from high-income countries, have shown a wide range of symptoms, clinical profile, and outcomes for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. However, little is known about these issues in developing countries. This research used medical records in 15 hospitals in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

    Methods

    The required information was extracted from patients' medical records, including age, gender, laboratory data (complete blood count, serum electrolytes, and liver, renal, and muscle injury tests) at admission, and the outcome of in-hospital mortality (yes/no) of 4,542 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19. This research used logistic regression to assess the predictors for mortality (measured as adjusted odds ratio [aOR]) and Chi-square automatic interaction detector to classify high-risk patients in different age groups as a decision tree model. Two models were developed through a machine learning approach.

    Results

    Overall, 822 (18.09%) cases passed away in the hospital. Mortality risk was increased from 4.33% in patients aged 18-40 years old to 40.96% in those aged 80+ years old. After adjusting for covariates, age (aOR 1.62 to 7.05 vs. those aged 18-40 years old), high aspartate transaminase (aOR 1.64 to 3.21), high alkaline phosphatase (aOR=2.17), low sodium (aOR=1.31), high sodium level (aOR=5.05), high potassium (aOR=2.41), low calcium (aOR=2.31), high creatine phosphokinase (aOR=2.21 to 2.24), and high creatinine (aOR=3.43) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.

    Conclusion

    Based on the results of our study, the mortality rate was high among in-hospital patients, particularly among older age and those who had liver and renal dysfunctions, muscle injury, and electrolyte imbalance at admission. Triage and special care for these high-risk patients can improve in-hospital outcomes.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Machine learning, Decision tree model, Laboratory test, Risk factor, Odds ratio
  • سهیلا رضایی، محمد پیکان پور*، بهزاد فاطمی
    پرداخت مبتنی بر عملکرد" یک ابزار مدیریتی با رویکرد اجتماعی در بهینه سازی پرداخت به کارکنان بر مبنای سنجش کیفیت عملکرد آنها است. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، شناخت انواع و مزایای هر یک از روش های پرداخت مبتنی بر عملکرد نسبت به یکدیگر و آشنایی با پیش نیاز های فرهنگی- اجتماعی اجرای این سیستم در یک سازمان است. در این مطالعه با استفاده از روش مرور نقلی پایگاه های اینترنتی Science Direct و Emerald Insight در اکتبر 2019 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. مرور نقلی یکی از روش های شناخته شده برای شناسایی، انتخاب و تحلیل داده های ثانویه و فهم خلا تحقیقات گذشته است. پرداخت مبتنی بر عملکرد در دو قالب فردی و گروهی صورت می گیرد. "مریت" و "بونوس" دو نوع رایج از پرداخت در قالب فردی هستند. در سیستم پرداخت گروهی، پرداخت بر مبنای نتایج گروهی به دست آمده برای یک هدف مشترک به افراد یک گروه تعلق می گیرد. انواع مختلف پرداخت گروهی شامل "پرداخت به تیم مدیران"، "گزینه سهام اصلی"، "مالکیت کارکنان بر سهام"، "تقسیم سود"، "تقسیم دستاوردها" و "پرداخت تیمی به کارکنان" است. پیش نیازهای اجرای این سیستم در یک سازمان شامل "فرهنگ سازمانی"، "آموزش ناظران"، "تامین بودجه"، "زمان بندی مناسب برای اجرا" و "سیستم ارزیابی ورتبه بندی عملکرد" است. بعد از اجرایی کردن سیستم، شاخص های عملکردی باید به صورت منظم پایش و بروزرسانی گردد.
    کلید واژگان: عملکرد, پرداخت مبتنی بر عملکرد, مدیریت منابع انسانی
    Soheila Rezaei, Mohammad Peikanpour *, Behzad Fatemi
    Objectives
    "Performance-based payment" is a management tool in optimizing employee pay based on measuring the quality of their performance. The purpose of this study is to identify the types and benefits of each of the performance-based payment methods compared to each other and to get acquainted with the prerequisites for implementing this system in an organization.
    Methods
    In this study, the science direct and emerald Insight websites in October 2019 were reviewed using the mobile browsing method. Narrative review is one of the well-known methods for identifying, selecting and analyzing secondary data and understanding the vacuum of past research.
    Results
    Performance-based payments are made in both individual and group formats. Merit and Bonus are two common types of individual payments. In a group payment system, payments based on group results obtained for a common purpose are awarded to individuals in a group. The different types of group payments include "pay to the management team", "main stock option", "employee ownership of shares", "profit sharing", "profit sharing" and "team payment to employees". Prerequisites for implementing this system in an organization include "organizational culture", "supervisor training", "funding", "appropriate timing for implementation" and "performance appraisal and rating system". After the implementation of the system, performance indicators should be regularly monitored and updated.
    Keywords: performance, performance-based payment, human resource management
  • Hamid Reza Zaraatgar Gohardani, Ehsan Moghanloo, Parisa Badameh, Soheila Rezaei, Vahid Babaei, Shahram Teimourian *
    Background
    Helicobacter pylori play a significant etiological role in various digestive diseases. Peptic ulcer is caused by H. pylori, which destroys the duodenum mucus and is often observed in the individuals consuming tobacco, spicy and heavy meals, alcohol, coffee, and tranquilizers. Several studies have indicated that duodenal ulcer promoting genes dupA and cagA are involved in H. pylori etiology. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between these genes and peptic ulcer. 
    Methods
    In this study, 500 stomach biopsy samples were assessed based on the rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for H. pylori infection, followed by histological and microscopic examinations.
    Results
    The dupA and cagA genes were subjected to PCR. Although dupA showed no significant correlation with peptic ulcer, the cagA genotype had a significant association with peptic ulcer (P < 0.05). Similar to the dupA gene, blood group was not observed to be correlated with H. pylori infection.
    Conclusion
    According to the results, there are significant correlations between tobacco use (P < 0.05), tranquilizer use (P < 0.05), and meteorism (P < 0.05) with peptic ulcer. In addition, the expression of the cagA and dupA genes was investigated in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer.
    Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Peptic ulcer, Real time technique, dupA, cag-A
  • Ehsan Moghanloo, Elham Ghorbani, Mohammad Sadegh Beikverdi, Parisa Badameh, Soheila Rezaei, Ahmad Piroozmand, Shahram Teimourian, Minoo Shahidi, Ahmad Khorshidi*
    Background
    Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in humans. Recently, a novel strategy called the formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was described. NETs is a new strategy for pathogen response. This study focused on whether LPS induced NETs release in vitro in the HL60 cell line.
    Methods
    In this study, the HL60 cell line was used for culture and DMSO for induction and differentiation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD11b in the differentiated cells, and the NBT assay was used to evaluate the functionality of the differentiated HL-60 cells. Neutrophil-like cells were incubated with LPS (200 ng/ml) for 45 min, followed by incubation for 25 min with 100 ng/ml Hoechst 33342. Trypan blue as vital staining was used for viability. The statistical significance of the difference between the control and treated groups was evaluated using a one-way ANOVA.
    Results
    Our results showed that 75% NETs was produced by HL-60 differentiated neutrophil cells exposed to 200 ng/ml LPS in 45 minues.
    Conclusion
    Consequently, the LPS-induced infection and lethality may occur through various mechanisms. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating NET formation in LPS-induced neutrophil-like cells would support the development of new therapeutic methods.
    Keywords: Netosis, Neutrophil, HL-60, Differentiation, LPS
  • Hamed Joneidi Yekta, Maryam Shahali, Siros Khorshidi, Soheila Rezaei, Amir Hussein Montazeran, Saeed Saber Samandari, David Ogbemudia, Amirsalar Khandan*
    Objective (s): Artificial bone implants have been studied as a possible bone replacement for fractured and destroyed facial tissue; the techniques employed to determine the success of the dental implants. The stability, porosity and resistance of the bone implant which is subjected to varying forces and stresses within the surrounding bone is a subject of interest among the dentists.
    Materials and Methods
    An experimental analysis was conducted on bio-nanocomposite scaffold using space holder methods. The reaction of the bio-nanocomposites deformation under load was determined using Abaqus software. Thereafter, an analytical solution was presented to express explicitly the deformation responses of the artificial bone implant.
    Results
    It was seen that the vibrational behavior and mechanical performance of the sample containing 15 wt% additives have shown better mechanical characteristic compared to the pure specimen. On the other hand, the additive weight fraction has a significant effect on the compression test and porosity value. Also, the elastic modulus of the samples increases more than two times with the addition of additive (from 60 MPa to 145 MPa). From the results, it can be concluded that the highest vibration variation is seen in the sample with lower MNPs percentages.
    Conclusion
    By observing the results of the stresses, it was seen that the stresses were in a small value in the bio-nanocomposites with highest amount of reinforcement.
    Keywords: Abaqus, Nanocomposite, Porous bone implant, Scaffold, Stress analysis
  • Maryam Faraji, Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi, Zahra Pourpak, Zahra Alizadeh, Soheila Rezaei, Kazem Naddafi, Alireza Mesdaghinia
    Introduction
    Airborne particles generate acute and chronic toxic effects on the human health. Cytotoxicity of air pollutants can be investigated through cytotoxicity assays. In this study, cytotoxicity of PM10 (particles ≤ 10 μm in diameter) from dust storm and inversion condition was compared through MTT assay on the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro.
    Materials and methods
    PM10 was sampled in Tehran, Iran, 2016, in dust storm and inversion. PBMCs were isolated from the whole blood sample through Ficoll - Hypaque gradient method. Cells were treated with two suspensions of the PM10 from dust storm and inversion at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 µg / mL) for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT test and reported in respect to the viability in untreated cells as negative control.
    Results
    During the sampling period, June 6 and 12 - 15 November, 2016, were selected as the dusty and inversion days, respectively. Daily average PM10 in dust storm and inversion conditions were found of 220 and 345 µg / m3, respectively. Mean of viability in the PBMCs treated by the samples from dust storm and inversion was found 85.79 ± 9.97 % and 81.58 ± 11.72%, respectively. The cell viability values were obtained between 78 - 96 % for PM10 related dust storm condition and 70 – 92 % for PM10 sampled in inversion days.
    Conclusion
    The results showed that the PM10 from dust storm as well as from inversion had the cytotoxicity effects on PBMCs. The particles related to the inversion caused toxic effects more than those from dust storm at all concentrations
    Keywords: Toxicological studies, Dust storm, Air pollution, MTT test, Cytotoxicity, PBMCs
  • سهیلا رضایی، احمدعلی محمدپور*
    جهت این تحقیق از تعداد 12 عدد تخم شترمرغ نطفه دار سالم در سنین 22، 26، 30و 36 روزگی جنینی و سه قطعه جوجه یک روزه استفاده شد. جهت بررسی بافت شناسی مقاطع چشم به روش هماتوکسیلین ائوزین و ماسون تری کروم رنگ آمیزی گردیدند ولایه های مختلف مشیمیه و شبکیه مورد مطالعه قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان دادکه در 22 روزگی جنینی هر سه لایه اصلی چشم ( فیبروزی، عروقی و عصبی) تشکیل شده است. استرومای مشیمیه در 22 روزگی از بافت هم بندی همراه با ماتریکس زیاد و الیاف کلاژن بسیارظریف بوده و لایه های آن بخوبی مشخص و مجزا نبودند. شبکیه در سن 22 روزگی از سه لایه اصلی دانه دار خارجی، دانه دار داخلی و الیاف عصب بینایی تشکیل شده بود. در این سن مرز بین این لایه ها و طبقات مشبک داخلی و خارجی بخوبی مشخص نبود. در 26 روزگی الیاف در استروما مشخص تر و وسعت آن افزایش یافته بود. شبکیه در 26 روزگی تکامل بیشتری یافته بود و لایه های تشکیل دهنده آن بخوبی مشخص و قابل تفکیک بودند. در30 روزگی استرومای مشیمیه حاوی الیاف کلاژن و عروق خونی متسع بود و لایه های تشکیل دهنده شبکیه بخوبی تکامل یافته بودند. در 36 روزگی لایه های صلبیه، مشیمیه و شبکیه به حداکثر تکامل رسیده بودند. لایه مشیمیه از وسعت نسبتا خوبی برخوردار بود و حاوی عروق خونی متسع ، الیاف ظریف کلاژن و سلول های ملانوسیت فراوان بود. در جوجه یک روزه از نظر بافت شناسی اجزای چشم تفاوت چندانی با سن 36 روزه جنینی نداشت.
    کلید واژگان: بافت شناسی, مشیمیه, شبکیه, تکامل, جنین شترمرغ
    Soheila Rezaei, Ahmad Ali Mohammadpour *
    For this study, 12 healthy fertile ostrich eggs at ages of 22, 26, 30 and 36 days of embryonic stage and three one-day chicks were used. For histological study of different layers of choroid and retina, eye sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson’s trichrome. The results showed that the three main layers of the eye on embryonic day 22 (fibrous, vascular and nervous) were formed. Connective tissue stroma of the choroid was seen with high matrix and collagen fibers on day 22 and they were not well defined and as distinct layers. Retina at the age of 22 days was composed of three main layers; the outer granular, inner granular and optic nerve fibers. At this age, the border between the inner and outer reticular layers were not well defined. At 26 days old, the size of the fibers in the stroma increased more specifically. Further development of the retina happened at 26 days old, and its constituent layers were separated and well defined. At the age of 30 days, choroid stroma contained collagen fibers and dilated blood vessels and the formed layers of retina were well developed. At 36 days old, the layers of the sclera, choroid and retina had reached maximum development. Choroid layer consisted of a relatively expanded area and contained dilated blood vessels, thin collagen fibers and abundant melanocytes. Histologically the chick eye components were not much different from those at embryonic day 36.
    Keywords: Histology, Choroid, Retina, development, Ostrich embryo
  • Kazem Naddafi, Zahra Atafar, Maryam Faraji, Maryam Ghanbarian, Soheila Rezaei, Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Zahra Pourpak, Alireza Mesdaghinia, Masoud Yunesian, Kamyar Yaghmaeian, Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi, Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
    Introduction
    Air pollution is a serious health concern worldwide, accounting for high premature morbidity and mortality annually. In this article, we explain the framework of a series of interrelated researches for studying particulate matter (PM10, PM
    Materials And Methods
    PM10 samples will be collected daily from two representative stations simultaneously during normal and dusty days by high volume samplers. PM chemical properties including ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metal (loid)s and oxidative potential will be analyzed. For in vitro biological toxicity, cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and A549 cell line will be assayed. Also, DNA damage on A549 cell line will be examined using comet assay. In addition, DNA methylation of PBMCs and hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) will be accomplished. In a parallel panel study, after completing demographic and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISSAC) questionnaires, two groups of students will be selected. The exhaled breath condensate will be conducted to measure TNF-α, 8-IP, IL-6.
    Conclusions
    This study aimed to evaluate the components, oxidative potential and biological effects induced by PM. Our research will be provided information on the toxicity potential of PM related to dust storm and traffic to help policy makers to establish strategies and prioritize resource allocation in comprehensive plan for PM control.
    Keywords: Particulate matter, dust storm, non-dust storm, biological toxicity
  • محمد مهدی بانشی، علیرضا رایگان شیرازی، مرتضی زارع، سهیلا رضایی، عبدالمحمد سادات
    مقدمه
    پلی کلرینه بی فنیل ها (PCBs) ترکیبات ژئوبیوتیک سمی هستند که به شدت در محیط مقاوم می باشند. استفاده از گیاه برای تصفیه خاک های آلوده بطور موفقیت آمیزی برای حذف انواع ترکیبات آلی مانندPCBs مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش اثرات ترکیبات پلی کلرینه بی فنیل بر جمعیت باکتریایی ناحیه ریزوسفر دو گیاه اسپرس و سورگوم بصورت کشت جدا و ترکیبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
    مواد و روش ها
    در این مطالعه، خاک مورد نیاز از مراتع جاده قدیم یاسوج–شیراز در عمق صفر تا 20 سانتی متری از سطح خاک جمع آوری شده و سپس با غلظت های 100،200، 400 و ppm 800 از پلی کلرینه بی فنیل آلوده گردید. برای سنجش جمعیت باکتریایی خاک از روش سری متوالی (Serial-method) استفاده و درنهایت بصورت AWT IMAGE خاک خشک بیان شد. بعد از 120 روز و در پایان مطالعه بیومس گیاه مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت.
    یافته ها
    بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده میانگین جمعیت باکتریایی در خاک دارای گیاه در مقایسه با خاک بدون گیاه دارای اختلاف معنی داری بود (p<0.05). در بین حالت های مختلف بیشترین تاثیر در جمعیت باکتری ها بصورت کشت ترکیبی>سورگوم>اسپرس می باشد. نسبت جرم ریشه به جرم اندام هوایی در حالت کشت ترکیبی دارای بیشترین مقدار (90درصد) و بعد از آن اسپرس (72درصد) و سورگوم (63درصد) می باشد.
    نتیجه گیری
    با توجه به نتایج الگوی کشت ترکیبی نسبت به کشت جدا باعث تحریک بیشتر باکتری ها و افزایش جمعیت آن ها در ناحیه ریزوسفر شده و بطور کلی شرایط کشت ترکیبی با سورفاکتانت (Tween80) به عنوان بهترین حالت مشخص گردید.
    کلید واژگان: گیاه پالایی, سورگوم, اسپرس, کشت ترکیبی, سورفاکتانت
    Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi, Alireza Raygan Shirazi, Morteza Zare, Soheila Rezaei, Abdolmohammad Sadat
    Background
    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic xenobiotic compounds that are extremely persistent in the environment. Use of plants for the treatment of polluted sites, has been used successfully to removal of variety of organic compounds, including PCBs. In this study the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls evaluated on bacterial populations of two plants onobrychis.s and sorghum single and mixed plants cultivation.
    Materials And Methods
    The soil samples were collected from ranges (0–20cm Depth) of Yasuj city, province of Kohqiluyeh & Buyerahmad and then polluted with different concentrations of PCBs (0, 100, 200,400,800 ppm). Soil bacterial population was measure than dilution series (Serial method), and, expressed as cfug-1 dry soil. At the end of the study (120 days after planting), plants were separated from the soil.
    Result
    According to the results, average bacterial population in the soil with plant in compare by soil without the plant had a significant difference (p sorghum> onobrychis. S. root/shoot ratios have the greatest amount in mix culture (90%) and after onobrychis.s (72%) and sorghum (63 percent)
    Conclusion
    According to the results of mix culture to single it caused more stimulate of bacteria and increase their numbers in the rhizosphere zone. In generally mix culture surfactant (Tween80) were as the best mod.
    Keywords: Phytoremediation, Sorghum, Onobrychis.s, Mix culture, Surfactant
  • Soheila Rezaei, Mehdi Shakibaie, Maryam Kabirsalmani*, Mostafa Soltani Moghaddam, Mohammad Rezvani, Maryam Shahali, Marzieh Naseri
    Background
    Expansion and differentiation of stem cells relies on the soluble materials as well as the physical conditions of their microenvironment. Several methods have been studied in attempt to enhance the growth and differentiation rates of different adult stem cells extracted from different sources.
    Objectives
    The purpose was to improve the three-dimensional (3D) culture condition of the semi-permeable polymeric beads for encapsulation of the human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) by modifying the ratio of the alginate-gelatin composition.
    Materials And Methods
    Following isolation and characterization of hADSCs by flow cytometry and their functional differentiation, encapsulation in the alginate and alginate/gelatin compositions were performed. Moreover, the stability, swelling, size frequency, growth kinetics, and cytotoxicity of the beads were measured to meet proper condition in the designed experimental and control culture conditions. Finally, the growth rates of the cells in different experimental groups and control were measured and analyzed statistically.
    Results
    Viability decreased in 2 and 3 percent alginate once compared to 1% alginate in beads (p£0.05). Moreover swelling of the beads in the alginate/gelatin compositions (50:50 and 70:30) were higher than the pure alginate beads (p£ 0.05). Finally, the cell growth rate in alginate/gelatin (50:50) beads was significantly higher than alginate and alginate/gelatin (70:30) beads (p£0.05).
    Conclusions
    These findings suggested for the first time that the composite of alginate/gelatin beads with the ratio of 50:50 might provide a suitable culture condition for the encapsulation and in vitro expansion of the hADSCs.
    Keywords: Alginate, 3D culture, Encapsulation, Gelatin, Stem cells
  • علیرضا رایگان شیرازی نژاد، مرتضی زارع، فهیمه زارع، محمد مهدی بانشی، سهیلا رضایی
    زمینه و هدف
    تصفیه فاضلاب شامل فرآیندهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی بسیار پیچیده و وابسته به هم می باشد، با استفاده از روش های داده کاوی می توان با دقت زیاد و بوسیله مدل های بدون محاسبات پیچیده ریاضی فرآیندهای تصفیه فاضلاب را مدلسازی کرد.
    مواد و روش ها
    در این پژوهش از داده های مربوط به فرآیندهای تصفیه فاضلاب موجود در شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان کهگیلویه و بویر احمد استفاده گردید. در مجموع 3306 داده مربوط به COD، TSS، PHو کدورت جمع آوری گردید. در نهایت داده های گردآوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار های تحلیل آماری SPSS-16 (آمارتوصیفی) و داده کاوی Ibm Spss Modeler 14.2 و از طریق 9 الگوریتم مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
    نتایج
    با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده بر روی الگوریتم های رگرسیون لجستیکی، شبکه عصبی، شبکه بیزی، تحلیل تفکیکی، درخت تصمیم C5، درخت C&R ، CHAID، QUESTو SVM به ترتیب دارای درصد دقت درستی 16/90، 17/94 ، 37/81 ، 48/70 ، 89/97 ، 56/96 ، 46/96 ، 84/96 ، 92/88 بودند.
    بحث و
    نتیجه گیری
    در این مطالعه، الگوریتم C5 به عنوان بهترین و کارآمدترین الگوریتم در جهت مدلسازی فرآیندهای تصفیه فاضلاب با دقت 899/97 درصد انتخاب گردید و موثرترین متغیر ها در این مدل به ترتیب PH، COD، TSS و کدورت بودند.
    کلید واژگان: مدلسازی فرآیند تصفیه فاضلاب, داده کاوی, دسته بندی, کهگیلویه و بویر احمد
    Alireza Raygan Shirazinezhad, Morteza Zare, Fahime Zare, Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi, Soheila Rezaei
    Background
    Wastewater treatment includes very complex and interrelated physical, chemical and biological processes which using data analysis techniques can be rigorously modeled by a non-complex mathematical calculation models.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, data on wastewater treatment processes from water and wastewater company of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad were used. A total of 3306 data for COD, TSS, PH and turbidity were collected, then analyzed by SPSS-16 software (descriptive statistics) and data analysis IBM SPSS Modeler 14.2, through 9 algorithm.
    Results
    According to the results on logistic regression algorithms, neural networks, Bayesian networks, discriminant analysis, decision tree C5, tree C & R, CHAID, QUEST and SVM had accuracy precision of 90.16, 94.17, 81.37, 70.48, 97.89, 96.56, 96.46, 96.84 and 88.92, respectively.
    Discussion and
    Conclusion
    The C5 algorithm as the best and most applicable algorithms for modeling of wastewater treatment processes were chosen carefully with accuracy of 97.899 and the most influential variables in this model were PH, COD, TSS and turbidity.
    Keywords: Wastewater Treatment Process Modeling, Data Analyzing, Classification, Kohgiluyeh, Boyer Ahmad
  • Zahra Molazem, Soheila Rezaei, Zinat Mohebbi, Mohammad, Ali Ostovan, Sareh Keshavarzi
    Background
    Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life threatening disease that influences the physical, psychological and social dimensions of the individual. Improper lifestyle is one of the causes of this disease. The use of nursing models could be one of the important and fundamental steps in changing the risk factors associated with MI. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of continuous care model on the lifestyle of patients with MI.
    Methods
    This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 70 patients with MI in coronary care units of hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups using a randomization list (random permutated blocks with length 4). The continuous care model was used for 35 patients in the intervention group for a period of 3 months and in the control group, the usual cares were applied for 35 patients. Data were collected through lifestyle questionnaire before the intervention and 3 months after. The data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test.
    Results
    Patients in the intervention group showed significant improvements in lifestyle (125.6 ± 15.4 vs. 180.1 ± 19.9). Moreover, the lifestyle score of intervention group was significantly better than that of the control group (117.9 ± 22.0 vs. 180.1 ± 19.9; P < 0.001) after three months.
    Conclusion
    Applying a continuous care model had positive effects on the lifestyle of patients with Myocardial Infarction. In order to reduce the risk factors and improve the lifestyle of patients with MI, nurses could use this model to create an effective change.
    Keywords: Myocardial Infarction, Lifestyle, Continuous Care Model
  • علیرضا رایگان شیرازی، سهیلا رضایی، ارسلان جمشیدی، محمد فرارویی، سید عبدالمحمد سادات، حسن هاشمی
    مقدمه
    آب از نخستین نیازهای زندگی و یکی از مفیدترین مواد طبیعت می باشد که برای زندگی انسان و تمدن او حیاتی است؛ لذا آگاهی از کیفیت آن برای هر مصرف کننده الزامی می باشد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، تعیین کیفیت میکروبی و شیمیایی آب های آشامیدنی مناطق روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویراحمد بود.
    روش ها
    مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی حاضر در مناطق روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویراحمد و در سال 1389 انجام شد. در این تحقیق، 79 نمونه برای بررسی کیفیت میکروبی و 21 نمونه برای بررسی کیفیت شیمیایی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و نتایج به دست آمده با استفاده از نرم افزار 12SPSS تحلیل گردید.
    یافته ها
    بر اساس آنالیز آزمایش ها مشخص گردید که در 100 درصد موارد، میانگین غلظت پارامترهای شیمیایی) به جز کلر باقی مانده و فلوراید) و میکروبی (فیکال کلیفرم) اندازه گیری شده در محدوه استاندارد، ولی 24 درصد از موارد میکروبی اندازه گیری شده حاوی کلیفرم بود.
    نتیجه گیری
    با توجه به این که کمیت و کیفیت قابل قبول آب آشامیدنی مساله بسیار مهمی است که مردم با آن روبرو هستند و از طرف دیگر، با افزایش جمعیت و منابع آلاینده مانند صنایع و کشاورزی و گذشت زمان به مشکل جدی تری مبدل می گردد؛ لازم است به طور اساسی به آن پرداخته شود. با توجه به این که بیشترین میزان مغایرت در میزان کلرزنی آب آشامیدنی است، لذا می تواند نشانگر نامناسب بودن مدیریت آبداران و بی توجهی آن ها در امر کلرزنی باشد. در ضمن، بهسازی منابع آب جهت جلوگیری آلودگی آب به سایر کلیفرم ها و رعایت استانداردهای آب آشامیدنی جهت بهره برداری از منابع آب ضروری است.
    کلید واژگان: آب آشامیدنی, کیفیت شیمیایی, کیفیت میکروبی, روستایی, بویراحمد
    Alireza Raygan Shirazi, Soheila Rezaei, Arsalan Jamshidi, Mohammad Fararoei, Abdolmohammad Sadat, Hassan Hashemi
    Background
    Water is one of the essential requirements of life and one of the efficient natural materials which is vital for the human life and civilization. Therefore, awareness of its quality is essential for any consumer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial and chemical quality of drinking water of the rural areas of central Boyer Ahmad district, Iran.
    Methods
    This study was conducted in the rural areas of the central parts of Boyer Ahmad district, Iran in 2010. 79 samples for microbial evaluation and 21 samples for chemical evaluation were assessed.
    Findings
    The evaluation analysis revealed that all of the chemical parameter concentration (except residual chloride and fluoride) and the microbial parameters (fecal coliforms) were in standard range, but 24% of the measured microbial cases contained coliform.
    Conclusion
    The quantity and acceptable quality of drinking water is one of the most important issues that consumers are faced with. On the other hand, as the population grows, so does the industry and agricultural production, which over time it will become a serious problem and needs to be seriously dealt with. Regarding that most of the discrepancy is in the amount of water chlorination, thus it can be an indication of inappropriate water management and their ignorance toward drinking water chlorination. Improving water resources is essential to prevent water pollutions to other coliforms as well as developing drinking water standards for the exploitation of water resources.
    Keywords: Drinking Water, Chemical Quality, Microbial Quality, Rural, Boyer Ahmad
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