فهرست مطالب soltani

Shearography is a powerful optics method, which is capable of measuring derivatives of displacement, surface strains, and nondestructive testing. Time-average shearography and stroboscopic shearography have been developed for full-field vibration analysis. In this paper, the capability of time-average shearography and stroboscopic shearography for nondestructive testing has been compared using a proposed shearography configuration. In order to generate vibration, the proposed experimental system was equipped with a piezoelectric excitation mechanism. The time-average and stroboscopic shearography inspections were carried out by sweeping the excitation frequency of the piezoelectric. Stroboscopic shearography successfully detected the defect in the frequency ranges of 1300-1600, 6000-8000 Hz and 12600-13300 Hz, while time-average shearography detected the defect only in the frequency ranges of 6000-8000 Hz, and 12900-13100 Hz. The results of inspections of propylene specimen with a 10 mm circular hole indicated that stroboscopic shearography provides a more reliable assessment than time-average shearography. Compared to time-average shearography, stroboscopic shearography gives more clear fringes in the all frequency range. In addition, stroboscopic shearography could recognize the defect in wider frequency ranges.

In the present research, a multiscale method based on crystal plasticity finite element method and computational homogenization is proposed to simulate monotonic and cyclic plastic deformation of a highly textured rolled magnesium alloy AZ31. All active deformation mechanisms including slip, twinning as well as detwinning have been simulated in the model through user material subroutine in ABAQUS (UMAT). All representative volume elements have been constructed, synthetically. Polycrystal laminate has been reproductive by representative volume element (RVE) and periodic boundary conditions have been applied on the RVE faces. For cyclic validations, uniaxial compression-tension along extrusion direction has been applied for 2 loading cycles and the problem at the macroscopic scale has been solved by the ABAQUS finite element solver. The results are in good accordance with the experimental curves and the proposed model can accurately predict all cyclic behavior characteristics like asymmetry in a stress-strain curve due to alternating twinning-detwinning, tensile and compressive peak stresses, twinning and detwinning.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women throughout the world. Among the various methods for preventing and treating cancer, plant natural compounds have more benefits than chemical drugs and have less side effects. Recently, many studies have been carried out on the antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferation, and antiinflammatory properties of plant lignans, indicating the importance of these compounds in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In the present study, the cytotoxic effects and inducing apoptosis of pinoresinol and lariciresinol lignans were investigated on SKBr3 breast cancer cell line.

SKBr3 cells were treated with different concentrations of both pinoresinol and lariciresinol, separately for 72 hours. Then, cell viability and cells morphological changes were determined using MTT assay and inverted light microscope, respectively. Also, apoptosis induction was analyzed by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit.

Both pinoresinol and lariciresinol treatments induced morphological changes, decreased cell growth, survival, proliferation and a significant increase in apoptosis induction in SKBr3 cell line compared to control cells in a concentration-dependent manner.

Inducing apoptosis and preventing the growth and proliferation of cancer cells are important mechanisms in the treatment of cancer. Pinoresinol and lariciresinol can be used to reduce cell proliferation and increase apoptosis induction in prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

In this study, seven-layer nanofiber structures consisting of polycaprolactone/ chitosan polymers loaded with methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs, for controlled drug delivery, were produced and evaluated. For this purpose, the second, fourth and sixth layers were loaded with drug and placed between the drug-free layers. The surface morphology of drug-free and drug-loaded nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was used to study their chemical structure. The drug release rate in phosphate buffered saline (pH=7.4) and the released drug concentration were measured by spectrophotometry. Mechanical properties of single- and multi-layered samples were also investigated. SEM images showed formation of uniform and beadless fibers. FTIR spectrum confirmed presence of the drugs in the polymer mixture with no interaction. It was found that by increasing the chitosan content, a brittle structure with decreased elongation is formed. The release behavior of methotrexate and 5-Fluoracil drugs in neutral pH environment for 26 days was evaluated and the results exhibited a slow and sustained release.

Growth and survival of Polychaete, Nereis diversicolor fed on waste water of great sturgeon, Huso huso at different densities were studied. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of feeding of N. diversicolor with waste water derived from different densities of great sturgeon culture as well as to find a balance between fish density and growth of the worm. The worms (0.2-0.3 kg m-2) with an initial mean weight of 0.05 g were fed for 55 days with waste water of great sturgeon at densities of 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 kg m-2 fish. A group of worms fed with fish feed was considered as the control. The obtained results showed that the biomass and average weight of the harvested worms were significantly higher at the density of 3-4 kg m-2 fish than in the other two treatments (p<0.05). Also, worms fed with fish feed (control group) showed higher survival rate and biomass production than the treatments. Some fatty acids were abundant in worms from the treatments, specifically 14:0, 16:0, C18:1n9c, 20:1, 22:1n-9, 18:3n-3, 20:2, 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA), but were significantly lower than the control worms. The results demonstrate that production of N. diversicolor using fish waste water was highly efficient and can offer a sustainable solution to remove organic load in the aquaculture waste waters. Also, production of N. diversicolor via this method as an alternative source of fatty acids and protein for H. huso production could achieve multiple aims such as retention of valuable lipids from the H. huso waste water.

A major component in a crop growth model is leaf area development, which has crucial influence on photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaf area development involves the appearance of new leaves, expansion of the newly emerged leaves and senescence of old leaves. Modeling leaf growth has been extensively studied in many crops including cereals. Methods of predicting leaf area development are diverse from those dealing with the individual component processes of leaf growth, viz., leaf appearance, leaf expansion and leaf death to the models predicting leaf growth at the whole plant or whole crop levels. The concept of leaf lifetime is used in some crop simulations models to quantify the aging of the leaves after reaching thermal time to a certain amount. There is very little information about wheat aging time in the field, and most estimates of leaf lifetime are related to this observation that says on the main stem of wheat, at least 3 to 5 green leaves remains until pollination; one leaf is in the early stages of development, another leaf is completely developed and one to three leaves are aging. Quantitative information regarding leaf area development in wheat especially in environmental conditions with high temperatures for the purpose of crop modeling is scarce. Furthermore, genotypic variations have not been evaluated. Therefore, the goal of this research was to determine parameters related to leaf lifetime in wheat cultivars in warm environmental conditions.

The aim of this study was to quantify leaf lifetime of 15 different wheat cultivars. Two field experiments with 15 wheat cultivars (Atrak, Bayat, Chamran, Chenab, Dez, Ineia, Kavir, Marvdasht, Shiraz, S78-18, Yavaroos and shova-Mald) were conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University of Ramhormoz Branch, south-western of Iran during 2008-9 and 2009-10 using a randomized complete block design with four replications. To determine leaf lifetime, a logistic model (Amax/[(1+exp)-a(x-b)]) was used in two stages. At first phase, changes in total plant leaf number versus growing degree days was determined, then, changes in plant senesced leaf number versus growing degree days were investigated.

The results indicate that the average of leaf lifetime based on growing degree days was 468.8 C dᵒ. This conclusion shows at optimum condition in terms of temperature, on average, a leaf lasts 468.8 C dᵒ. The average of phyllochron (the interval time between the sequential emergence of leaves on the main stem of a plant) was 84 C dᵒ in studied cultivars, upon which, the average of leaf lifetime in cultivars was 5.5 phyllochron. Hence, knowing the differences among hybrids in leaf area attributes may be useful in plant breeding, crop management and in wheat growth modeling.

 Based on the results, there were no significant differences between wheat cultivars in terms of parameters related to leaf lifetime on stem. The relationships presented in this study describe leaf lifetime under well-watered condition and reflect the effects of carbon and nitrogen availability and remobilization under these conditions. However, they do not account for the effects of shortage of carbon, nitrogen or water on leaf development. Other relationships are required to predict these effects.

An extensive experimental investigation to study the effects of angle of attack (AOA) on the performance of a body-integrated supersonic inlet has been carried out. The present inlet, known as Diverterless Supersonic Inlet (DSI), is utilized with a three-dimensional bump to provide both supersonic flow compression and boundary layer diversion. Experiments were conducted at the presence of a typical fore-body including an elliptical nose to further contemplate the effects of fore-body geometry on the approaching flow. All tests were conducted at a constant free stream Mach number, 𝑀∞ = 1.65 zero degrees angle of sideslip (AOS), and at various angles of attack (AOA) ranging from -2 to 6 degrees. The results showed that the present DSI had acceptable performance characteristics for all ranges of AOA tested. It should be noted that the present DSI does not have any moving, adjustable or auxiliary mechanisms as such systems or mechanism are used to improve the performance of an inlet.

High utility itemset mining (HUIM) is a new emerging field in data mining which has gained growing interest due to its various applications. The goal of this problem is to discover all itemsets whose utility exceeds minimum threshold. The basic HUIM problem does not consider length of itemsets in its utility measurement and utility values tend to become higher for itemsets containing more items. Hence, HUIM algorithms discover a huge enormous number of long patterns. High average-utility itemset mining (HAUIM) is a variation of HUIM that selects patterns by considering both their utilities and lengths. In the last decades, several algorithms have been introduced to mine high average-utility itemsets. To speed up the HAUIM process, here a new algorithm is proposed which uses a new list structure and pruning strategy. Several experiments performed on real and synthetic datasets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art HAUIM algorithms in terms of runtime and memory consumption.

The documentation process is very important for identifying yield constraint factors and yield gap. For this purpose, all managing practices were recorded by monitoring of paddy rice fields in Sari region, Iran from 2015 to 2016. Field identifications were undertaken in such a way that they included all the main production procedures with variations in management viewpoints. The results revealed that seed consumption varied from 40 to 95 kg ha-1 and the range of seedling age varied from 20 to 50 days. Planting density was 10 to 66 plants per m2. Nitrogen application by 30% of the farmers ranged from 46 to 83 kg ha-1, and 40% of the farmers applied 83 to 138 kg of nitrogen per hectare. In 73% of the fields, nitrogen was not used after flowering stage. The range of yield varied from 3100 to 5430 kg ha-1, and in 60% of the studied fields, the paddy yield varied from 4205 to 5200 kg ha-1. In the comparative performance analysis (CPA) model, the actual yield and the yield potential were estimated to be 4495 and 6337 kg ha-1, respectively, and the yield gap was 1841 kg ha-1. Among the five variables entered in the model, the effects of potassium application and biological fight were remarkable, which the paddy yield increase by these variables was 709 and 806 kg ha-1, respectively, and equal to 39% and 44% of the total yield variation. Therefore, since the calculated potential yield was achieved through actual data in each paddy field, it seems this yield potential is attainable.

The traditional approaches of modeling and estimation of highly skewed deposits have led to incorrect evaluations, creating challenges and risks in resource management. The low concentration of the rare earth element (REE) deposits, on one hand, and their strategic importance, on the other, enhances the necessity of multivariate modeling of these deposits. The wide variations of the grades and their relation with different rock units increase the complexities of the modeling of REEs. In this work, the Gazestan Magnetite-Apatite deposit was investigated and modeled using the statistical and geostatistical methods. Light and heavy REEs in apatite minerals are concentrated in the form of fine monazite inclusions. Using 908 assayed samples, 64 elements including light and heavy REEs from drill cores were analyzed. By performing the necessary pre-processing and stepwise factor analysis, and taking into account the threshold of 0.6 in six stages, a mineralization factor including phosphorus with the highest correlation was obtained. Then using a concentration-number fractal analysis on the mineralization factor, REEs were investigated in various rock units such as magnetite-apatite units. Next, using the sequential Gaussian simulation, the distribution of light, heavy, and total REEs and the mineralization factor in various realizations were obtained. Finally, based on the realizations, the analysis of uncertainty in the deposit was performed. All multivariate studies confirm the spatial structure analysis, simulation and analysis of rock units, and relationship of phosphorus with mineralization.

In this paper, an integrated control system of longitudinal, lateral and yaw vehicle dynamics is presented using active braking and active front steering (AFS) systems. The proposed active braking system based on sliding mode controller, includes two kinds of working modes of anti-locked brake and (ABS) and an electronic stability control (ESC) and a fuzzy controller has been used in the AFS system. Also, a nonlinear estimator utilising unscented Kalman filter is applied to estimate the vehicle dynamics variables. According to the estimated values and Dugoff tire model, the tire-road friction coefficient is calculated. Since the ABS performance for shortening the stopping distance is dependent on the optimum wheel slip ratio, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed to obtain the optimum value. The tire-road friction coefficient, longitudinal velocity and the vertical load of each wheel are considered as the ANFIS inputs. In the simulation part, first, the hard braking action in straight line on the roads with various friction coefficients during driving is investigated, which results in high precision of the estimator for the friction coefficient and optimum wheel slip ratio, and greatly reduced the distance and stopping time in comparison to the vehicle without estimator. Then, simulation of split-μ roads has been carried out which demonstrates the integrated control of ABS, ESC and AFS systems associated with the mentioned estimators can, in addition to improving the lateral and yaw stability, also decrease the stopping distance.

To determine the effect of D-Pro probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Persian sturgeon’s diet on the growth indices and biochemical analysis of the carcass, a total of 2400 Persian sturgeon species were randomly selected, with a mean weight of 4.00±0.10 g (mean ± standard error) and a mean length of 9.91±0.35 cm (mean ± standard error), and were assigned to four treatment groups, each of which was carried out with three replications. The present study was conducted within 60 days in Dr. Beheshti Center of Proliferation and Restoration of Persian Sturgeon (Guilan province). The treatments were 1) 5 g/1 kg of D-Pro, 2) 5g/1kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3) a mixture of 5 g/1kg of D-Pro and 5 g/1kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and 4) a control group  )a basic diet without any probiotics and yeasts(. Results of the analyses showed that the highest mean weight was obtained in the D-Pro treatment. The D-Pro treatment had the highest increase in length and the lowest feed conversion ratio which were significantly different compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Using D-Pro in their diet led to a carcass fat increase and this increase was statistically significant (P<0.05). By adding D-Pro to their diet, the carcass moisture decreased and this decrease resulted in a significant difference in the carcass moisture content compared to the control group (P<0.05). The levels of whole carcass ash were not significantly different in the D-Pro and Saccharomyces cerevisiae treatments compared to the control group (P>0.05). However, differences in the levels of whole carcass ash were observed between the D-Pro and Saccharomyces cerevisiae treatments, such that the levels of ash significantly increased compared to the D-Pro treatment (P<0.05). The oral consumption of 5g of D-Pro probiotic in the Persian sturgeon’s diet increased growth and growth indices and is recommended to be used in the aquaculture industry.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population and has an obvious effect in feeding, income and job creation of people in the world especially, Iran. The rice cultivation area in the world during the past years has been from 145 million hectares to over 160 million hectares. The last global statistics showed that paddy yield and white rice production were 742 and 492.2 million tons respectively in 2014. The same amount is predicted for 2016. Yield gap analysis is providing a little estimation of increased production capacity which is one important component in designing food providing strategy in regional, national scale and world-wide surface. Due to the existing anxiety about discussions of food security, studies are also increasing globally and in Iran is necessary to estimate the quantity of yield gap and the reasons behind it by appropriate statistical methods, or in other words, detecting the restricting parameters of potential yield. As it was mentioned several factors prevent farmers to reach attainable yield in many crops. It seemed that by defining the effectiveness of each management parameters on the amount of presented yield gap and consequently farmer’s knowledge on that matter, the distance between actual yield and attainable yield can be reduced. In this research estimation of potential yield, yield gap and determining yield restricting factors and each of their portions in creating yield gap is investigated. The research was done in 100 paddy fields between the Alborz Mountains range and the Caspian Sea in 2016. In this research, all managerial operations from nursery preparation to harvest for modified rice cultivars were recorded through field studies in Neka, Mazandaran, Iran from 2015-2016. All farm cases are pertaining to improved cultivars. The improved rice cultivars were Shiroodi, Neda, Fajr, Ghaem, Khazar, and Nemat, respectively.
Field identifications were done in a way that includes all main production procedure in a specific region with variation in management viewpoint. For defining the yield model (production model), the relationship between all measured variables and the final model was designed by controlled trial and error method. The final model was obtained through the controlled trial and error method, which can quantify the effect of yield limitations. The average paddy yield was calculated by the model by placing the observed average variables (Xs) in the fields under study in the yield model. Thereafter, by putting the best-observed value of the variables in the yield model, the maximum obtainable yield was calculated. The difference between these two has been considered as yield gap. Different procedures of the software SAS version 9.1 were used for analysis. Data analysis revealed that seed consumption was varied from 30 to 120 kg.ha-1. The range of seedling age variable was from 20 to 60 days old. In 100 paddy fields planting density were 16 to 40 plants per m2. Nitrogen usage by 26% of farmers was among 69 to 92 kg.ha-1 and 16% of the farmers consumed 92 to 115 kg N per hectare. Potassium application was varied from 0 to 100 kg K ha-1 which within 60% of the field’s potassium usage was less than 35 kg K ha-1. The range of paddy yield in 100 paddy fields was varied from 6100 to 8200 kg.ha-1 that in 40% of the studied fields, the paddy yield was from 7000 to 7600 kg.ha-1. In the CPA model, the paddy yield increasing related to the effect of N top dressing, K usage and N usage after flowering was 327, 674 and 324 kg.ha-1. Therefore, the actual yield and yield potential were estimated to be 7194 and 9241 kg.ha-1, respectively and the yield gap was 2047 kg.ha-1. Therefore, regarding the fact that calculated potential yield was reached through actual data in each paddy field, it has been stated that this yield potential is attainable.

Due to the nature of the geological and mining activities, different input parameters in the grade estimation and mineral resource evaluation are always tainted with uncertainties. It is possible to investigate the uncertainties related to the measurements and parameters of the variogram model using the fuzzy kriging method instead of the kriging method. The fuzzy kriging theory has already been the subject of relatively various research studies but the main weak point in such studies is that the results of the fuzzy estimations are not used in decision-making and planning. A very common, but key, tool of decision-making for mining engineers is the tonnage-average grade models. Under conditions where measurements or/and variogram model parameters are tainted with uncertainties, the tonnage-average grade model will be uncertain as well. Therefore, it is necessary to use the fuzzy tonnage-grade model instead of the crisp ones, and the next analysis steps and decision-makings are done accordingly. In this paper, the computational principles of the fuzzy tonnage-average grade curve and a case study regarding its usage are presented.

Over 50% of the sugar beet fields in Iran are infested by rhizomania and beet cyst nematode diseases. Using resistant varieties is a simple and efficient method of managing these diseases. In 2015, Shokofa was released as the second domestic monogerm variety, resistant to both rhizomania and beet cyst nematode. White sugar yield of this variety under infested field condition was 7.44 tha-1 which was in the same group as foreign control Ludwina (8.28 tha-1) and domestic control Tous (7.32 tha-1). In an experiment conducted in greenhouse, the resistance of Shokofa variety to cyst nematode was evaluated and results showed that the average number of cyst on Shokofa root was 30, while two foreign controls including Pauletta and Sanetta infested with 23 and 26 cysts respectively, and the susceptible control Jolge was infested with 114 cysts. Based on two on-farm experiments conducted in Khoy and Fariman Sugar Factories in 2014, the sugar yield of Shokofa was 9.23 tha-1 that was almost equal to sugar yield of Toukan cultivar (9.47 tha-1), a foreign sugar beet control. However, under rhizomania infected fields in Neishabor and Qazvin Sugar Factories, the sugar yield of Shokofa was 7.17 tha-1 which was higher than all domestic and foreign controls.

In the present work, we offer a novel numerical algorithm based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to consider the motion of many circular particles in a non-Newtonian power law fluid in Couette flow and it is combined with the smoothed profile method which explains the movement of particles. At first, the velocity variation of shear-thickening has been analyzed and the results was compared with the numerical results of the previous works. The present study is a first report, which investigate flow behavior of circular particles with the same and different size in power law medium in Couette flow on the LBM framework. The effective viscosity of a particulate suspension that are placed randomly inside two parallel walls is considered for 0.04

Long-term use of treated wastewaters for irrigation adds compounds and/or ions to soils which might alter the soil physical, hydraulic and mechanical properties. Soil mechanical properties are closely linked with the plant growth. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-, mid- and long-term applications of the treated wastewater of Mobarake Steel Company in Isfahan on the soil penetration resistance and shear strength in the company green space. Soil penetration resistance and shear strength were measured using a pocket penetrometer and in situ shear box, respectively. The results showed that soil penetration resistance (i.e. soil hardness) at both dry and wet conditions significantly was increased upon short-, mid- and long-term applications of wastewater; 19 years of the application of wastewater resulted in the highest soil penetration resistance at wet condition, but the well water did not significantly affect it. Surface crust in the non-irrigated locations increased the soil penetration resistance, but the irrigated sealed soils were not significantly different from the virgin soil in terms of dry and wet penetration resistances. For the soil shear strength parameters, wastewater, well water and surface crust did not significantly affect soil cohesion (c), they but significantly affected the angle of internal friction (φ). Overall, soil shear strength parameters were not greatly affected by the irrigation water treatments because of the dominant effect of the soil fractions (texture and gravel content) and the microstructure.

In this study, the quality of groundwater aquifer of Gavkhooni basin was investigated in agriculture. For this purpose, water quality data related to 96 wells prepared by Isfahan Regional Water Authority during the statistical period 2015-2016 were used. In this study, sodium parameters, electrical conductivity, chloride, hydrogen bicarbonate and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) were used. Then, groundwater quality classification across the study area was carried out using agricultural water quality index (IWQI), which is based on the  FAO standards. Results of IWQI varied  from  40 to 80, corresponding to high and low limitations for agricultural use. It was shown that groundwater quality had  declined over years from the upstream to the downstream of the basin. Furthermore, some changes in the quality index in the northern region of the study area were found to be more affected by the climate conditions of the region. In the middle and eastern territories, the surface streamflow of Zayandehroud River and agricultural activities had  caused changes in the  water quality. In general, in the Gavkhooni area, excessive groundwater exploitation, drought conditions and agricultural activities had reduced the groundwater quality. By reducing groundwater withdrawals and agricultural activities in areas where water is required only through water drainage, groundwater quality can be managed, even in dry years.

The full ranking or complete ranking of decision making units is one of the main ‎issues in data envelopment analysis. A full ranking is a ranking that considers all ‎efficient and inefficient units simultaneously and finds a ranking for them. Almost all ‎of the developed ranking methods consider only the efficient units. On the other hand, ‎ranking inefficient units by traditional data envelope analysis models are also ‎inaccurate due to ignoring the role of slacks. In the present paper two novel methodologies are proposed in order to fully ranking of decision making units. In the presented ‎approach, all of the decision making units participate in a competition in a way that all ‎are projected onto the efficient frontier considering common weights. Then, according ‎to the profit that each unit attains to reach this standard level, a rank order of all ‎decision making units are obtained.In the first method , the satisfaction of units is measured in the competition and the satisfaction of the units that have the lowest satisfaction is improved. in the second method, by setting up the cross - profit table, the optimal weights of all units are taken into account in competition. After all, the proposed methods are applied on sample problems.

Hematological parameters are useful indicators for assessing the physiological conditions of Sturgeon in response to stress, pollutants and physiological and ecological changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrosomonase and nitrobacter in removing ammonia and on blood and serum indices of Huso huso .Four treatments were designed with densities of bacteria (0, 101, 103, 105) in 100 ml with three replications were performed using 120 sturgeon fish with an average weight of 200 ± 800 g and a length of 55±2 cm in 12 fiberglass tanks (4000 liters per each 10 fish) for 12 weeks and two weeks of initial compatibility. Based on the results, the highest amount of ammonia was observed in treatment 1 (control) with significant difference (p≤0.05) with treatment 3 and no significant difference with other treatments. Ammonia levels were not significantly different (p≥0.05) between the hours measured in each treatment. Among the blood parameters, only neutrophil was significantly different in treatments (p≤0.05). Serum blood parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline transferase (ALP), keratin phosphatase (CP), total protein and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not significantly different (p≥0.05). Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) had a significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). Nitrosommunos and nitrobacter had a positive effect to remove ammonia from the water of the culture environment and had no negative effect on the physiological conditions of sturgeon (huso huso) blood parameters.

This paper proposes a new adaptive controller for the robust control of a grid-connected multi-DG microgrid (MG) with the main aim of output active power and reactive power regulation as well as busbar voltage regulation of DGs. In addition, this paper proposes a simple systematic method for the dynamic analysis including the shunt and series faults that are assumed to occur in the MG. The presented approach is based on the application of the slowly time-variant or quasi-steady-state sequence networks of the MG. At each time step, the connections among the MG and DGs are shown by injecting positive and negative current sources obtained by controlling the DGs upon the sliding mode control in the normal and abnormal operating conditions of the MG. Performance of the proposed adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) is compared to that of a proportional-integral (PI)-based power controller and SMC current controller. The validation and effectiveness of the presented method are supported by simulation results in MATLAB-Simulink.

In this research, taking into account the pressure drop of the streams, a simple and useful method is presented for finding the proper path of hot and cold streams inside shell-tube heat exchangers in the synthesis of heat exchangers networks (HENs). Generally, the HENs synthesis by mathematical programming leads to the problems which are answered by Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP) methods. Optimization of such formulations results convergence difficulties due to the existence of both continuous and integer variables. In this study, instead of solving simultaneously integer and continuous variables, the genetic algorithm was used to find optimal HEN structure (integer variables). To find optimal values for continuous variables of the network, by categorizing this type of variables into two groups and using Quasi Linear Programming (QLP) instead of the nonlinear programming model (NLP), the complexity of the NLP model solution is also greatly reduced. The optimal values of continuous and integer variables are obtained with respect to a common objective function that reaches the minimum annual cost of the HEN. The comparison of the proposed method with the references shows that this method has the ability to reduce the cost of pumping flows to about 0.76%.

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy (RT) has been widely accepted as the standard treatment in early stages of invasive breast cancer. The standard technique of RT includes whole breast irradiation (WBI). Additional tumor bed boost irradiation has also an important role in the local tumor control. But there are various controversial delivery methods. The aim of the present study was to compare electron and photon boost techniques in terms of heart and lung volume absorbed dose. Thirty patients with breast cancer were selected. All patients had undergone BCS and had been treated by WBI and boost irradiation. After delineation of gross tumor volume (GTV) two CT based 3D conformal boost plans by photon and electron were created for each patient. In each plan coverage index (CI), external volume index (EI), conformity index (COIN) and, lung volume absorbed dose (LVAD) and heart volume absorbed dose (HVAD) of at least 2Gy were measured. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17. Data were compared using a nonparametric test (Mann-Whitney) and p values <0.05 were considered significant. Photon boost showed statistically significant superior results in terms of mean CI (P=0.002) and COIN (P=0.005). Results of EI revealed no significant difference between two methods (P=0.171). The heart (p=0.01) and lung (P<0.005) volume received 2Gy was lower in photon therapy in comparison with electron therapy. Our results demonstrated that the heart and lung volume absorbed dose is significantly higher in electron boost technique.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are powerful tools that are commonly used today in prediction deposit-related sciences. The research aimed at predicting various five links of heavy metals using the properties of deposit. 180 samples of surface sediments were taken from the Chahnimeh reservoir and they were transferred to under standard conditions. Total Zinc concentration, deposit properties and Zinc five bonds with deposit were measured. Efficiency of the ANN and Perceptron (MLP) model to estimate the Zn following the measurement of parameters in the laboratory. Five links were predicted with the aid of ANNs and MLP model. Deposit properties and total concentrations of heavy metals were considered as input and each of bonds were considered as output. Ultimately, the ANN showed good performance in the predicting the determination of coefficients or R2 0.98 to 1) and root mean square error or RMSE (0.7 to 0.01).

The present study evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum as a probiotic on the growth performance and haematological parameters of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 29.6±1.8 g immunized with streptococcus/lactococcus bivalent vaccine for 60 days at 16±1.5ºC. Fish were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups: probiotic (g kg-1 feed equal to 108 cells g-1) supplemented diet group (group P), vaccinated fish fed with a normal diet (group V), vaccinated fish fed with probiotic (group P+V) and unvaccinated fish fed normal diet (group C). Results showed that weight gain, final weight, condition factor and thermal-unit growth coefficient were improved in P+V group compared with other groups but was significantly different from groups V and C (p<0.05). Also, feed conversion ratio in the P+V group was lower than other trails (p<0.05). In addition, white blood cell count (WBC) in groups V and P+V were significantly higher than in both P and C groups (p<0.05). Also, PCV was significantly increased (p<0.05) in both P and P+V groups compared to group V and the control group. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found in RBC, Hb, MCH, MCHC and MCV levels among the different experimental groups. These data show that application of L. plantarum could be a benefit of vaccinated trout, enhancing fish growth and haematological parameters