somayeh ahmadabadi

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of studying and searching coronavirus news, coronavirus infection in close relatives, death of relatives due to coronavirus and perceived anxiety about coronavirus on mental health problems. This study is descriptive in terms of method and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of this study consisted of student teachers of Farhangian University of Mashhad in the academic year of 1398-99, from which 752 people were selected from boys’ and girls’ campus as a sample group by convenience sampling and tested by general health (GHQ-28) scale and demographic questioner. The results of multivariate and univariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in terms of the combination of dependent variables between groups of participants in independent variables including studying and searching coronavirus news (F=1.781, p<0.05, Ƞ2=0.009), coronavirus infection in close relatives (F=2.433, p<0.05, Ƞ2=0.013) and perceived anxiety about coronavirus (F=5.820, p<0.05, Ƞ2=0.031). According to the results of present study, it can be suggested that to intervene in mental health problems during the coronavirus pandemic, the role of studying and searching coronavirus news, coronavirus infection in close relatives and perceived anxiety about coronavirus should be given special attention.

Eating disorder is one of the most common disorders reported among young girls. This study aimed to identify the relationship between eating disorder (nutrition attitudes) and nutrition knowledge, physical activity levels, and corona-induced anxiety in female students.

This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The statistical population included the female students of Farhangian University of Mashhad, Shahid Hasheminejad Campus (n=655) in the academic year of 2021-2022, out of which 247 female students were randomly enrolled. They completed questionnaires of nutrition knowledge, eating disorders, corona-induced anxiety, physical activity level and anthropometric indicators related to health. Data analysis was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson and linear regression tests in SPSS version 21 software.

Eating disorders had a significant correlation with corona-induced anxiety, and the level of physical activity (P˂0.01). The results of Linear regression showed that corona-induced anxiety can predict eating disorders among female students (P˂0.01). Despite the significant negative relationship between eating disorders and physical activity levels, the results of the regression model showed that physical activity levels could not predict eating disorders in female students (P>0.05).

In crisis situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, increased levels of anxiety can cause a higher frequency of eating disorders. It seems that decreased anxiety levels and techniques for coping with anxiety can be useful ways to overcome eating disorders among female students.

Physical activity can promote the mental and physical health of individuals in various ways. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the levels of physical activity, corona-induced anxiety, and anthropometric indices among active and inactive students.

This is a correlational and causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this research included all female students at Farhangian University of Mashhad, Hasheminejad Campus in the academic year of 2020-2021 (n=655), from which 247 cases were randomly chosen. Evaluation of the anxiety of corona disease, the level of physical activity related to work, sports, and leisure time, anthropometric indices related to health, and the prevalence of corona were performed.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between active and inactive students regarding corona anxiety and physical activity levels (p=0.001). Correlation results showed that there is a significant relationship between corona anxiety and physical activity level (p=0.001). The results of linear regression indicated that physical activity related to exercise is a predictor of corona anxiety (p=0.003), but occupational physical activity and leisure time cannot predict corona anxiety.

Based on these results, it can be said that, especially in special conditions such as corona epidemic, physical activity and regular exercise can alleviate the level of anxiety in people and improve their mental and physical health.

 Stroke is a major cause of neurologic disability worldwide. Most cases of stroke have a sedentary lifestyle and diminished aerobic capacity. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on motor function improvement of patients following stroke.

This research is a systematic review. Keyword studies of aerobics, exercise, mobility, rehabilitation, stroke, walking, and treadmill were conducted in the Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2019. Studies in two categories of aerobic exercise and motor ability, including adults with a history of stroke more than six months with the ability to move independently, have exercise intervention and assessment of motor abilities. Of 87 articles in the initial search, 31 were included in this study.

Among 31 studies reviewed, 10 studies focused on the effect of continuous passive exercise and 12 studies on the effect of aerobic exercise on the motor abilities of stroke patients. Meanwhile, although six studies showed a positive impact of using the treadmill on functional capacity, five studies did not show an improvement in the balance of these patients under the treadmill.

A review of the research findings showed that the specific type, intensity, and duration of various types of motor interventions could improve parts of the physical fitness of stroke patients during the rehabilitation programs;  therefore, the risk of re-stroke and cardiovascular disorders is reduced.

Gender is linked to how we are perceived to think and act as women and men because of the way society is organized, not because of our biological differences. The aim of study was to investigate the role of students ‘gender difference in socio-general health and corona-induced anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was causal-comparative. The statistical population includes all students of Farhangian University of Mashhad in 1399 of which samples randomly were selected 752 male and female students. Subjects were assessed for general health, social health, and corona-induced anxiety. Data normality was performed by Smirnov Kolmograph test and statistical analysis of data was performed by independent t-test and Pearson test by SPSS21 software with a significance level of 0.05. there was a significant difference between general health(p=0/029) and corona-induced anxiety(p=0/023) between male and female students but no significant difference was observed between two groups in the social health (p≥0.05). The correlation results showed a significant relationship between groups in general and social health (p = 0.001). But there was no significant relationship between corona-induced anxiety and general and social health (p≥0.05). According to the results, Students' general and social health can be affected by a variety of factors and in critical situations such as the risk of disease outbreaks are decisive. Because women were more anxious than men, women had lower social health than men. It is recommended that different people in the community receive more social support in critical situations.

Some social factors can act as a protective shield against mental health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social health and mental health problems in students.

This study is a descriptive-correlation method and a fundamental goal. The statistical population of this study consisted of students-teachers of Farhangian University of Khorasan Razavi Province (Iran) from which 747 people were selected by available method and then, responded to two tests of General Health (GHQ-28) and Keys Social Health Scale (1998).

The results of multiple regression analysis in a simultaneous manner showed that the variables of social integration (T = -71.31, β = -0.271), social acceptance (T = 5.428, β = -0.190) and social participation (T = -5.831, β = -0.206) significantly predict mental health problems and these variables together explain 26% of the variance of mental health problems.

Social health can be considered as an intervention in the treatment of mental health problems in addition to focusing on interpersonal factors and thus promote mental health.

 Teachers are regarded to have a key role in the diagnosis, referral, implementation, and follow-up interventions and treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

 The current study aimed to investigate the teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and function related to ADHD and evaluate the effectiveness of a training program in this regard.

 This quasi-experimental study was conducted on teachers in the elementary schools of Gorgan, Iran, in 2014. A total of six one-day workshops were held. In each workshop, 24 teachers were trained about ADHD for 4 h. Teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and function were assessed before, immediately after the workshops, and 2 weeks later. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated-measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc test.

 The results revealed that older (P < 0.05) and more experienced teachers (P < 0.05), those working at public schools (P < 0.001), and teachers without higher education (P < 0.05) had significantly lower levels of knowledge and less positive attitude toward children with ADHD. In addition, differences between the mean scores before and after the intervention for knowledge (P < 0.001) and attitude (P < 0.001) were statistically significant.

 Training teachers could improve the teachers’ knowledge and attitude toward ADHD. Workshop education appears to be an effective and efficient training method that can decrease the awareness gap between teachers with different experiences and education levels.

Low back pain is a significant issue in the field of health. Therefore, addressing new therapeutic approaches seems necessary.

The present study examined the effect of combining core stability with stretching exercises on pain intensity and motor function in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain with and without hyperlordosis.

The research method was quasi-experimental, and its statistical population included adolescent girls with chronic low back pain with and without lumbar hyperlordosis in Lahijan schools (2018). Sixty qualified girls aged 12 to 15 years were purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into four groups. Experimental groups with and without lordosis performed stretching-core stability exercises for eight weeks in three 45-minute sessions. At the beginning and end of the exercise period, the dependent variables were evaluated.

Students with and without lumbar arch enlargement who underwent therapeutic exercise experienced significant pain relief and lumbar arch reduction. Lumbar muscle strength was also increased compared to the control group (p = 0.001). However, there was a significant difference in static and dynamic balance variables between experimental and control groups without lordosis. Results also showed the effect of exercises in all variables between pre-test and post-test of the two experimental groups (p = 0.001).

Combining core stability with stretching exercises can, in addition to improving chronic low back pain, reduce the severity of lumbar lordosis and the trunk muscle endurance and its balance.

Physical activity has a positive effect on angiogenesis and inflammation indexes, but its effect on people who intake a high-fat diet is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks of interval activity on serum levels of angiogenesis factors and inflammatory index predicting cardiovascular disease on high-fat diet rats.

In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats (6 weeks old) were randomly assigned in 3 groups; normal diet (n=10), high-fat diet (n=10), and high-fat diet-interval training. For the first and second groups, the training program was performed 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Before the first session and 48 hours after the last session of physical activity, blood samples were taken using the ELISA method to examine NO, VEGF, and CRP. the MANOVA test was used to analyze data

The results of this study showed that 8 weeks of interval training increased significantly (p<0.0001) NO and VEGF (P=0.0001) levels in the high-fat diet-interval training group compared to the control group and high-fat diet group. However, the CRP level of the high-fat diet-interval training group decreased significantly (P=0.0001) than the control group.

according to the findings of this study, 8 weeks of interval training increase some angiogenesis factors such as NO and VEGF, which results in the probable reduction of CRP as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease.

Female athletes are more likely to have knee ligament injuries than men due to less coactivation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 4 weeks of plyometric training on the coactivation level of the lower limb muscles of active girls in different phases of drop jump. 20 female physical education students (mean age: 21.8±0.63 years, height: 1.64± 0.05 m, weight: 56.98± 9.26 kg) were randomly divided into two groups: experimental plyometrics (n=10) and control (n=10). The experimental group performed plyometric training twice a week for four consecutive weeks. In pretest and posttest, surface electromyography was performed on tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and rectus femoris. The coactivation level of dominant thigh and shin muscles was calculated during 3 phases of drop jump from 20 cm height. Analysis of covariance was used to investigate the effect of training at the significance level of P≤0.05. The results of univariate analysis of covariance with controlling the pretest effect showed no significant differences between experimental and control groups in posttest coactivation of thigh and shin muscles in phase 2 (pre-activity, P=0.14 and P=0.07), phase 3 (contact, P=0.41 and P=0.11) and phase 4 (fly, P=0.65 and P=0.12). In the plyometric group, the coactivation level of thigh and shin muscles showed increasing and decreasing trends respectively. Backward plyometric movements increase the activity level of leg dorsal muscles and help the ACL stability.

Background: 

Despite the research being accomplished so far, there is no clear answer to the question that "Does sports help to prevent and reducing the abuse of drug, alcohol, and smoking in young people as it believed in public".

Objective (s): 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sports activity and experience of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse among a sample of male and female students in Tehran.

Methods: 

In a cross-sectional and correlation study, 1173 male and female students from two universities; University of Tehran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected to complete researcher-made questionnaires on smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, and also complete demographic questionnaires. They also responded to a sports activity questionnaire, including questions about the type and level of teamwork and activity.

Results:

The findings showed that males are relatively regular in sports activities than females and they are also members of sports teams. Smoking, alcohol and drug abuse were significantly higher in males than in females. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between being athlete in males, whether they are members of the team or not, and the smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, but unorganized female athletes, outside the framework of sports teams, had reported more alcohol and drug abuse than inactive people during a year ago.

Conclusion:

 In order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of programs for the prevention of drug abuse through sport, paying attention to gender differences, age differences and type of sports activity (organized in the form of teams or non-organized and individually) is critical. The findings of this study suggest that membership in sports teams of a college, especially for females should be expanded, and preventive programs should be designed through sport in a professional way –in terms of timing and content- for males and females.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fatigue due to plyometric training on vertical jump ability and activity pattern of rectus femoris of dominant leg of high jump of active girls.

Seventeen females, mean age (21.5 ± 0.76 years) were randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 7) groups. Experimental group performed plyometric training and control group had no activity. Before and after training, vertical jump test using Ergo jump and electrical activity of rectus femoris muscle of dominant leg using electromyography were tested. The results of vertical jump test showed a decrease in performance (p: 0.04, F: 4.5) and fatigue process was confirmed. The raw EMG signal based on deep jump phases was divided in three phases and only 2 phases of the first were analyzed. In every phase, the maximum activity, amplitude and total time were obtained. respectively. M ultivariate analysis of variance (2×2) was used to compare of post-test of two groups.

After one session training, rectus femoris maximum activity of the experimental group showed a significant decrease in pre-activation phase of motor program.

This study showed that neural fatigue due to plyometric training can occur in motor program (especially in pre-activation phase of motor program).