somayeh fadaei

Desertification is the greatest environmental challenge that serious threats to food security and biodiversity. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the risk of desertification and providing management plans using the DPSIR-M conceptual model in Khorasan Razavi province and in 4 steps. These steps include; - Collecting data and preparing basic maps, - Choosing a model to prepare a desertification intensity map, - Assessing the risk of desertification and finally, providing management plans based on the conceptual approach of DPSIR-M. The results showed that more than 30% of the study area are located in the relatively critical to severe desertification class. In terms of fragility, about 59% of the areas of Khorasan Razavi province are in relatively fragile to very fragile environmental conditions, and about 7% have the potential of fragility. The results of the desertification risk map showed that more than 98% of the regions are in the high and very high desertification risk class, and only 2% of the areas are in the moderate to very low classes. This issue can be a serious warning of the land degradation for the officials and executives of Khorasan Razavi province. Therefore, based on the intensity and risk maps of desertification and using the DPSIR-M model, six policies and 46 strategies and action plans were proposed for optimal land management. The proposed programs are in the form of preventive, corrective and rehabilitation programs. Therefore, it is suggested that the results obtained from this research be used by managers and experts of executive departments.

Regional and local levels of managing and implementing development policies have always been the focus of scientific, policy-making, and executive circles. In this regard, new models have emphasized sustainable development. The sustainable development of a region should not only be coordinated with its various resources, but also it should be based on the social environment and native culture of the country and region. Therefore, in the current research, a dynamic model of the economic-cultural development triangle is presented with the inclusion of sustainable development dimensions (social, environmental and economic). The economic-cultural development triangle model is a non-dynamic model with four dimensions of executive bodies, parliament representatives, private sector and Friday Imams. In this model, cooperation and coordination of these four dimensions are considered necessary for regional development. This shows the complexity of an economic system that consists of various factors and many interactions, which leads to complex behaviors of economic indicators over time. In this complex system, the implementing of regional development policies without a systemic approach and holistic view is not beneficial and may lead to a decrease in economic growth and regional production. Therefore, in policy-making, attention should be paid to the influential factors in the system, and the appropriate policy should be selected and implemented. The systems dynamics approach is a holistic thinking method about all components of a system and is a way to understand the dynamic behavior of complex systems. Therefore, this approach has been used in this research.

Due to the complex and interlinked relationships in the sustainable development system of the region, the constituent elements of this system are dynamic and change over time. Therefore, in this research, systems dynamics method is used. In this approach, in the first step, the research problem is defined. According to the research background, the variables of the problem and the boundary of the sustainable economic development system of the region are determined. In the next step, the relationship between the variables is determined by a cause-and-effect diagram. Then a flow diagram is drawn to simulate the problem. After simulating using Vensim software and validating the model, suitable scenarios are evaluated.

The purpose of presenting the model is to improve the economic and social indicators of the province. Based on the designed model, the behavior of the system has been simulated in a ten-year time horizon from 2013 to 2023. The results of the scenario show that private sector’ presence did not have a one-time and jumpy increase effect on the gross domestic product of the region. However, rather it helped the production growth process in a very gentle and delayed manner. The results of the simulation of the policies show that the two policies, "stability of laws and executive procedures" and "optimal use of investments," lead to the increase of private sector’ economic activities. Since these policies highlight private sector’ presence in the region, the implementation of this policy will lead to an increase in jobs created by private sector and investment through private sector’s activities. In contrast, the physical capital created on a large scale in the province is not noticeable. The strength of the economic and cultural development triangle plan is the correct direction of investments and using unused capacities, and as a result, the working population has increased.

According to the results of the implementation of the policies, it is suggested that they should be implemented simultaneously according to the combined policy of "stability of laws and executive procedures", "optimal use of investments," and "development of educational infrastructure," which will also make use of the capacities of the region's workforce. Moreover, it also increases the available physical capital because other investors (other than private sector) tend to invest. With the implementation of the combined policy, the working population and physical capital, which are considered as production inputs, will increase. As a result, the production of the region will increase.

The bus transportation system is one of the most important urban public transportation systems and plays a major role in intracity travel and daily travel in all cities. Due to the increase in personal car travel, it’s important to determine the policy for the use of buses on intra-city trips but to achieve this goal, one must know which one of the proposed plans can increase the use of buses. The innovation of the current research is the use of the systems dynamics approach in bus transportation systems in order to achieve this goal. Factors affecting the use of buses have been identified using the content analysis method, and variables such as culture-building, intelligence, and physical-technical quality of the bus have been included in the model, which has not been considered in other studies. The model was implemented in city of Mashhad. After validating the model, two scenarios and seven types of budget policies were implemented on the model according to the experts' opinion. The results of the bus fare scenario showed that if the bus fare rate is not changed, the attractiveness of the bus will increase slightly. The scenario of increasing the budget for improving the bus organization also showed that there is not much change in the use of buses. The results of the policy review also show that the best policy is to reduce the budget for purchasing the bus fleet and increase the funding for culture and intelligence, which will increase the use of buses in the long run.

In today's competitive world, discovering the needs and desires of customers and fulfilling them before competitors is the condition for success for companies. Therefore, organizations and business enterprises try to achieve a privileged position compared to other competitors by achieving unique advantages. This study aims to develop the importance-performance analysis by adding the cost dimension. Then, measure and compare the quality of the services of two communication networks, Hamrahe Aval, and Irancell, using the developed approach of Importance-Performance-Cost Analysis (3-D IPCA) and proposing the optimal strategy to improve service quality. For this purpose, were identified the relevant attributes by studying the literature, then provided to the experts in the form of a questionnaire for final confirmation. Finally, 20 attributes were identified in determining the quality of mobile phone operators' services. The questionnaire was distributed among 400 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad students as a convenience sample. Then it was analyzed using three-dimensional IPCA analysis.The results showed that among the users of the Hamrahe Aval network, the quality of providing services and customer support, and among the users of the Irancell network, network coverage and ease of use of services have the highest and lowest priorities for improvement, respectively. Also, Irancell's performance has been better considering the cost aspect. The comparison of IPA and IPCA shows that  IPCA considering the cost as a third dimension can obtain more accurate analyzes of customers' opinions. Moreover, managers can make more rational decisions with this tool.

In this paper, we introduce a newly defined  subclass $\mathcal{S}_{\Sigma}(\vartheta,\gamma,\eta;\varphi) $ of bi-univalent functions by using the Tremblay differential operator satisfying subordinate conditions in the unit disk. Moreover, we use the Faber polynomial expansion to derive bounds for the Fekete-Szego problem and first two \emph{Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients} $|a_2|$ and $|a_3|$ for functions of this class.

Management and warehousing operations are one of the essential parts of manufacturing and service organizations. Warehousing is one of the main components of the organization's activities, which has a high cost and deserves more attention from researchers in this field. This research has investigated the storage problem based on the clustering of items, taking into account all the factors affecting the storage of products in warehouse with bulky and varied products. The main objective of this research is to reduce Transport costs of collecting and delivering orders and more efficient use of storage space. The K-mean technique is used for solving the clustering problem and the Generalized Allocation mathematical programming model has been used to solve the problem of assigning categories of items to storage locations. This is an integer programming model with the goal of minimizing transportation costs of collecting and delivering orders.This research has been able to provide a comprehensive approach in clustering and allocation of items by identifying and considering the effective indexes and using the generalized allocation math planning model and formulating the actual conditions of the problem and solving it in an optimal way. Companies managers can use this model to reduce their inventory costs. Using of clustering in the allocation of storage sites to the warehouse items and then their mathematical modeling is innovation of present research. The proposed model was implemented at Mashhad Housebuilding Company. A number of simulated problems are solved from the actual problem with the GAMS software for validation.

The bus transport system is one of the most important public transportation systems. Improvement of this system has a significant effect on performance and increase the efficiency of cities’ transportation systems and consequently it will have more satisfaction and attraction for passengers. One of the key issues in this field is the optimal allocation in number of vehicles, which is known as the transport timetable. Specifically, allocating each of these devices to each line more than needed will cause excess capacity for that line and conversely, allocation less than needed leads to passenger discontent as a service receiver. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to estimate the precise and optimal number of vehicles and the number of bus commuting in each line, each time and any kind of day. In this research, mathematical optimization models are used to solve this problem. The proposed model is an integer programming model. Background of the research, interview with the practitioners, bus operating company directors and public transport experts were used for making the model. In order to evaluate the designed model, in addition to solving a few small examples, a pilot experiment was carried out on set of lines of the Azadi terminal of Mashhad Bus Network. The model results were compared with the actual values. The results of the responses obtained from the model showed that with the number of vehicles less than the actual number of buses in the days under investigation, all the constraints of the system, especially demand, are provided.

Assessing and improving the quality of services in hospitals because deal with the health of humans is very important. The purpose of this study is to identify and weigh quality criteria and ranking of four hospitals in Mashhad. Materials &

The present study is of type  Applied Studies  that is a cross-sectional study conducted in the winter of 1396. In this study, by literature review, dimensions of service quality in the hospital was identified. Then, a paired comparison questionnaire (including 8 people) was used to conduct the survey. Then coefficients of importance of each dimension were calculated through the process of hierarchical analysis in a fuzzy environment. Decision-making matrix questionnaire was completed by a 400-person sample of patient companions in four hospitals.Then, hospitals were ranked using GRA-TOPSIS method. The validity of questionnaires were confirmed by the expert group. 

Using FAHP, knowledge and skills of medicine obtained the most important coefficient. Also, using GRA-TOPSIS, third hospital received the fourth place in the provision of services. Also in the third hospital the quality of access requires the greatest improvement. 

In addition to ranking hospitals based on quality of service criteria, the GRA-TOPSIS method is able to identify each hospitalchr('39')s weaknesses in each criterion. As a result, the priorities for improving the quality of service in each hospital were identified, and the hospital manager could work to improve performance on the criteria that he or she achieved with lower performance than other hospitals.

Statistical Quality Control is an important approach that getting help from statistical tools to illustrate the process. Shewhart control charts is one of the most important techniques of quality control, which is used to show the variance with reason. One type of control charts is control charts for attribute control of defects that can be used with variable sample size. Attribute is under Fuzzy Condition because of uncertainty in the defect of the product and making decision by the inspector. In this study, fuzzy rules are used in the design of fuzzy U control charts. This approach is performed for fuzzy control of the process. Judgments in control of classical charts process is not more than two result, While in the design of fuzzy control charts using the fuzzy rules methods, there are intermediate levels of decision-making too. To check the validity of designed model, it is implemented in company imen khodro shargh for sewing quality characteristics. And the results were compared with the results of classical methods using operating characteristic curve and the results indicate better and faster performance fuzzy control charts to detect changes in the process.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is common among handicapped people using wheelchair, and repeated wrist movements increase the risk of incidence of this syndrome. In present study, performance, pain and range of motion of wrist were compared between the athletes and non-athlete handicapped people suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome. In this descriptive study, all members of handicapped basketball team in Tehran (35 persons) and 33 wheelchair-bound non-athlete handicapped persons residing in Tehran sanitariums were studied (similar with respect to age, weight, height, years of using wheelchair and level of disability).In this study, Clinical Questionnaire and Nerve Conduction Study were used for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome, VAS Scale for measuring pain, Goniometer for measuring range of motion of wrist, and Self-Administered Questionnaire for investigating severity of symptoms and performance. The finings of this study indicated that there was no significant difference between two athlete and non-athlete handicapped groups with carpal tunnel syndrome in prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome, severity of pain, performance and range of motion of wrist (p>0.05). Among 35 athletes, 6 persons (mean age: 36±3.11, mean weight: 68±4.74 and mean height: 172±7) and among 33 non-athletes, 5 persons (mean age: 41±7.1, mean weight: 73±3 and mean height: 173±5) had carpal tunnel syndrome. Unlike what is supposed, repeated movements of wrist is not the only factor predisposing the athlete handicapped people to carpal tunnel syndrome, So other influencing factors should be considered.