somayeh soleimani

 The theory of intergenerational justice is a theoretical response to the problem of the environmental crisis and the threat to the rights of future generations, the purpose of which is to achieve a better quality of life for all generations and to achieve the goals of sustainable development; despite the modernity of this theory in international law, attention to life and The health of all generations, including future generations, has a long history in Razavi culture; the sum of the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah and the emphasis of Imam Reza's speech and behavior indicate that the concept of intergenerational justice is a duty to secure the rights of the future generation and protect natural resources and the environment. It is social and moral and consists of three dimensions of duty and environmental responsibility, social solidarity and creation of equal opportunity, economic efficiency and sustainability of consumption, which are the dimensions of sustainable development in international law.With the difference that in the discourse of the international law system, only the protection of the rights of future generations is taken into consideration, but in the Razavi culture, the centrality of God and the exaltation of the ontological approach of man are emphasized; in addition, justice in international law, The necessary condition is sustainable development, but in the mentioned culture, it is more than the necessary condition and continuity of life, but it is the same as the stability and survival of life; Therefore, each generation receives all public protection from the previous generations and has obligations as a trustee to protect it for future generations as beneficiaries; Also, in the mentioned culture, justice has a wide concept and in addition to the field of creation, it also includes the fields of legislation and punishment.Keywords: sustainable development

Human capital and social capital are terms that originated from economics and other social sciences, respectively. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the role of cooperatives in regional sustainable development based on the social capacity model in the General Directorate of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare of Kerman province. The studied community in the qualitative stage were university managers, heads and professors, and their opinions about the proposed dimensions, components and indicators of the model, which were extracted from the theoretical foundations and background of the research, were used, and finally included 32 experts. are, the selection of the research sample in qualitative research is of the saturated and targeted type. The statistical population was a small part of experts and managers of government organizations in Kerman city who have at least an employment relationship (corporate, contractual, contract or official) with the mentioned ministry. In this research, to estimate the sample size, Morgan's table is used, which is finally 265 people, which was determined by stratified random sampling. This research is among the combined exploratory research and tool making model, which was implemented in two qualitative and quantitative stages. The current research is descriptive-survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The results obtained show that the role of cooperation can improve social capacity through increasing regional sustainable development. It can be said that the variable role of regional sustainable development is partial mediation.

Abiotic stress from drought inhibits plant growth and decreases yields. Salicylic acid (SA) is classified as a compound that effectively reduces crop susceptibility and environmental stress by mitigating the harmful effects of many stressors. Numerous levels of SA protect several plant species from environmental stresses by initiating different processes involved in the stress tolerance mechanism. Fruit productivity and quality under dry stress conditions were examined by evaluating the effects of the application mode and various concentrations of SA. The split factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block design with four replicates in the Jiroft University Research Greenhouse was carried out. In this study, drought stress is the main factor at three levels (control, moderate and severe stress). Factorial treatment included interaction at two levels of (SA application method as foliar spray and soil drench) and (SA concentration include control, 1 and 1.5 mM SA). The results showed that relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage, titratable acidity (TA), average fruit weight, fruit yield, and the number of fruits per plant were affected by the interaction of drought stress, SA concentration and consumption method. Strawberry fruit production per plant was highest with 315.20 g from non-stress treatment with 1.5 mMof SA. Under severe drought stress, the maximum fruit production per plant of 201.80 g with 1.5 mM of SA was obtained, which increased the strawberry fruit productivity with an ascending concentration of SA. In strawberry plants, drought stress manifests in elevated levels of antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves. Interestingly, moderate and high drought stress led to improvements in certain fruit quality indices such as vitamin C content, compared to those not subjected to stress. Another significant finding was that the application of SA increased the activities of CAT and POD enzymes, while also elevating the concentrations of chlorophyll and proline considerably. Finally, it is recommended to use 1.5 mM of SA as a foliar spray under drought stress conditions on greenhouse strawberries.

With the passage of classical approaches and its achievements, criminal law was gradually influenced by the theory of subjectivism, and the subjective criteria used in obstruction crimes, while negating the principle of harm, considered the mental relationship of the criminal with the criminal and his criminal intent. It is as if criminal law, in an early judgement, has started to criminalize mental crime, the manifestation of this mentalism is the special attention to the psychological element of the crime. These rights are more concerned with fault than harm, because the survival of a society is always dependent on security. And it is the mental and psychological peace of the citizens, and guaranteeing a safe space, life is the need of every healthy society; The direction of the current research is to formulate a comprehensive criminal policy regarding unintentional behaviors and ultimately to protect the health and safety of the people in the society and prevent behaviors that are a threat to the aforementioned cases from going unanswered.

The present research is written in a descriptive, analytical and documentary method, using written works, including articles and books related to the subject.

Modern criminal law is largely subjective rather than objective; That is, instead of using the objective criterion, the subjective rule is used; the objective criterion means paying attention to the harm in criminalization; based on this principle, only behaviors are criminalized that result in an objective and concrete harmful result; the tendency towards The basis of the principle of harm is the legacy of classical criminology, which tried to measure behaviors according to their effects, but, according to this, the psychological element is between a maximum, that is, criminal intent and a minimum, that is, recklessness. In fact, the Penal Code over the years, according to social developments, gave a classification between types of faults

French criminal law has a wide concept and scope of fault and its types and the preventive concern of protecting the safety of possible victims in accidents against physical integrity, an idea that can be useful for our legislator.

Peace is the main essence of all religions and pacifism is the goal that all religions have offered solutions for. In Razavi culture, based on principles such as justice, intellectual and social development, tolerance and forgiveness, peace is considered one of the most fundamental principles in international relations. Creating peace, before it is a material act, is a spiritual matter that relies on honoring the real human rights; and unlike the international legal literature, which is equivalent to a negative concept; it is not limited to the absence of war, rather, beyond that, it is a positive concept that means peaceful coexistence with the preservation of human dignity. This research, which was carried out in a descriptive and analytical way, indicates that in Razavi culture, contrary to the unrealistic and ethnocentric view of some western orientalists such as Bernard Lewis, Huntington, etc., who present Islam as a religion incompatible with peace and democracy and a source of violence and terrorism, Islam is the messenger of peace and friendship, and it has the ability to present a new and comprehensive theory compared to other theories and theoretical paradigms in the field of international relations; because the realm of implementing peace in Razavi culture includes peace in a general sense in addition to peace in a specific sense. In this culture, contrary to what is mentioned in the literature of the law of armed conflicts, there is no preemptive legal defense, because peace is a sacred thing and Jihād is a humanitarian action in the direction of spreading peace and security in the light of divine sovereignty, negation of tyranny, defense of the oppressed, and fight against injustice.

Freedom of religion is among the important theological issues. Adoption of Islam is subject to the intellectual maturity of the duty-bound. In case a Muslim-born declares his disbelief after puberty, should he be considered apostate and deprived of his freedom of religion? Apostasy is among the Hudud (unalterable punishments prescribed by Sharia) not mentioned in the Islamic Penal Code and with respect to the dubieties concerning it, valid jurisprudential sources should be consulted. On the other hand, the opinions of the jurists, especially the later jurists, regarding the declaration of disbelief by a person born to a Muslim father after puberty are diverse and have prepared the ground for the appearance of the repelling dubiety concerning the Hadd of apostasy. Among the Imami jurists there are three viewpoints with regard to declaration of disbelief after puberty: some jurists consider him as a Murtad Fitri (a person born to a Muslim father who later rejects Islam) taking into account his inherited Islam; the famous jurists apply the rules of Murtad Melli (a person who converted to Islam and later rejects the religion) to him on the basis of Dar rule (the rule of avoiding Hudud due to doubt) and the necessity of being precautious to preserve the lives of people and some later jurists are of the opinion that he is a disbeliever because they condition apostasy upon real Islam. Since holding that the minor is a Muslim as a result of inheritance originates from the graceful approach of the Lawgiver, inherited Islam may not be a basis for imposing the punishment of apostasy. Accordingly, it is justified to consider a person born to a Muslim father who later rejects Islam as a disbeliever.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) has various strains associated with human infections. H. pylori , H. heilmannii, and H. felis are the most common strains in humans. H. pylori is associated with several human diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, mucous membrane lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rates of H. felis and H. heilmannii and the effect of co-infection with H. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens of patients.

Totally, 80 gastric biopsy specimens were taken by a physician from the patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan City, Iran. PCR test was used to confirm the presence of H. pylori in samples that had positive rapid urease tests. Moreover, the ureB gene and ureA and ureB genes were used for H. heilmannii and H. felis , respectively.

Of the study patients, 61.5% were females, and 38.5% were males with a mean age of 37.8 years. Of 80 biopsies, 50% were H. pylori -positive, 53.8% were H. heilmannii-positive, but no H. felis was identified in any sample. Results indicate that smoking, having a history of gastrointestinal diseases, and taking certain medications can be risk factors for H. pylori .

Any agent contributing to gastric mucosal damage can enhance the susceptibility to bacterial contamination. Overall, the results indicate a low probability of interactions between H. pylori , H. heilmannii, and H. felis .

Promotion has an important role in introducing, publishing and maintaining each school, ensuring the continuity of the principles and principles of each school and its followers. The purpose of the present study is to explain the necessity of advertising and to explain the role of appropriate characteristics of the amount in his success. The amount must have these features in the form of Ahl al-Bayt (AS). One of the results of this descriptive and analytical study is that there are several reasons why it is necessary to propagate and introduce the true face of Islam, including: 1. The cultural invasion that has characterized the Islamic lifestyle. 2. Plot of great powers to show the dreaded face of Islam and create Islamophobia. 3. The emergence of extremist and violent groups that have tarnished the image of Islamic mercy; To try. Success in advertising requires having the right features and using the right methods. If the ad lacks the necessary features and conditions, advertising will have a detrimental effect, given that the prophets and imams, including Imam Reza ( A. They have been promoting the work, their features and the methods they have used for advertising are very helpful and helpful. Dialogue plays an important role in propaganda, and if the principles and conditions are met, dialogue can prevent much violence and bloodshed.

air pollution treatment using plasma- catalytic hybrid process is an acceptable approach, accounts for high efficiency and economic effectiveness in the world. In spite of various advantages of non- thermal plasma, two technical problems associated with this technology should be solved before its industrial application. Also, catalytic treatment alone has limitations such as; performance at high temperature, deactivation of catalytic active sites, not economic for treatment of low concentration of pollutants. Therefore, the combination of plasma with catalyst has been interested by most of the researchers. The technology of Plasma driven catalysis (PDC) possess energy saving importance to treatment of exhaust gases from stationary and mobile sources. In comparison with common catalyst, PDC has advantages including high distribution of active species, reduction of energy consumption, increase of catalytic activity and selectivity as well as low sensitivity to poisonous. Removal of carbon monoxide pollutant emitted from stationary and mobile sources at indoors and outdoors based on plasma combined catalyst supported on precious metals, in particular, PGM had been investigated by most of the researchers. In addition to the high cost of these catalysts, they have also performance limitation in low temperatures. At the present study, CO removal using plasma combined mixed metal oxide catalyst has been investigated. in present study, three types of reactors have been applied. A coaxial double dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DDBD), a catalytic reactor including catalytic mixed metal oxide film of Ceria-Zirconia- gamma alumina (CZA) coated on quartz tube by sol- gel dipping method, and a single stage plasma- catalytic reactor (plasma driven catalysis) which is combination of two above mention reactors and catalytic film has been applied in NTP discharge zone. In design of reactors, two inner and outer tubes of quartz and Pyrex have been used with outer diameter of 4 and 10mm respectively. It is notable, in catalytic and Hybrid reactors, quartz substrate (inner tube with D_out = 4mm) is coated by catalytic film of CZA. In plasma alone and plasma- catalytic reactors, Tungsten wire is used as cathode, copper foil as anode, and high voltage AC power supply has been applied to support strong electric field. Design of Experiment (DOE) and desired performance conditions for hybrid reactor have been chose by considering of optimum performance condition of plasma and catalytic reactors. Discussion of Results & The effect of gas stream temperature on removal efficiency: This effect is found significant in plasma alone reactor (P-value< 0.05) but not significant in catalytic alone and hybrid reactors (P-value > 0.05). The positive effect of temperature on removal efficiency is described by improvement in the secondary decomposition of hydrocarbons as well as increase of impaction surface of active molecules following suitable temperature and decrease of gas stream viscosity in reactor space. The interaction of gas stream temperature and space time is found significant (P-value< 0.05) in hybrid reactor which, could be important from specific input energy aspect. The effect of space time on removal efficiency: this effect in plasma alone reactor is significant (P-value < 0.05) and the mean removal efficiency is improve with increase of space time. At the catalytic and hybrid reactors, this effect is not significant (P-value > 0.05). However, the optimum condition of removal efficiency is when the space time is decreased. Improvement in removal efficiency of CO due to positive effect of space time is explained by mean power enhancement of discharges and thereby space time increase, as, mean power determines the mean electron density which in turn, gives the excitation rates and molecule separation in gas. Also, from specific input energy aspect, optimum removal efficiency is achieved at low specific input energy (SIE) and lower space time of experiments (0.13 s) at 80 oC. The effect of C3H8/CO ratio on removal efficiency: This effect is positively significant in the catalytic reactor (P-value < 0.05) but not significant in plasma and hybrid reactors (P-value > 0.05). However, presence of propane shows better removal efficiency in both NTP and Hybrid reactors. It is concluded that carbon monoxide removal is being improved due to hydrocarbon decomposition and thereby, generation of hydrocarbon radicals. Figure 1. The optimum performance conditions of CO removal using non- thermal plasma only (a), catalytic only (b) and plasma- catalytic hybrid reactor (c). Temperature and space time interaction: according to data analysis, the interaction of temperature and space time in hybrid reactor is significantly positive (P-value= 0.001) (Figure 2). Based on the studies, this effect can be explained by the key role of some active species, in particular, OH radicals at the presence of hydrocarbons. Figure 2. Temperature and space time interaction in hybrid reactor Synergy factor: The synergistic effect of plasma combined with catalyst on CO removal at 80 oC is better, due to improvement in catalyst activation temperature, reduction of activation energy and also, better selectivity results from positive interaction of plasma discharges and catalyst active sites (Figure 3). Figure 3. Synergy factor of plasma catalyst hybrid process in CO removal air pollution is a worldwide challenge and its control using clean technologies is being interested of many researchers from different aspects. Carbon monoxide removal using plasma- catalytic hybrid reactor has been studied from different viewpoints of; improving removal efficiency, catalytic performance temperature, energy consumption, hydrocarbon decomposition, and synergy factor of hybrid process. The mean removal efficiency of CO (36.33%) is achieved using single stage hybrid reactor at optimum experimental condition of: temperature= 80 oC, space time= 0.13 s, C3H8/CO= 0.05 and specific input energy of 860 j/l. Also, our findings confirm positive synergy effects of plasma and catalytic techniques in pollutant removal and synergy factor of 2.03 is achieved.

This study was conducted to assess the impact of threats o, n auditor independence. The purpose of the research, applied and in terms of method, is descriptive survey and a questionnaire was used to collect data. To achieve the goal of the research, examined the impact of five major threats (Self-interest, self-review, advocacy, familiarity and intimidation) on the independence in appearance and Independence of mind and the effect of expertise and experience of auditors on the relation between threat and independence. Statistical population consisted Society of CPAs and staff of audit firms in Mashhad. The sampling was random and the number of samples was determined by using the Cochran formula 174 and in the data analysis, statistical methods including dispersion index and central used to describe obtained data and evidence. Also, Structural Equation Model and factor analysis were performed using SPSS and Smart PLS software's in order to analysis the research hypothesis. The results suggested that five major factor threats have negative impact on the independence in appearance and independence of mind and expertise and experiences reduce the negative impact between the threat and the independence of mind. And expertise and experiences of auditors doesn’t have significant impact on the negative effects of threat and the independence in appearance.

The success of each company is related to the performance and productivity of its employees. Recent ergonomic research on this case has confirmed the relation of high stress level, weight, and other risk factors with employees' health care costs and absences. The aim of this study was to introduce the economic and productivity results derived from implementing the interventions of nutrition education using the awareness promotion, attitude correction, and behavior of labors approach according to needs of work places at the selected industry. The intervention group consisted of 104 male employees who worked at the assembly line of automobile industry and received nutrition education using the active and passive methods in a one-month intervention. To measure the effect of intervention, the health indicators of blood pressure, and body mass index, as well as the awareness questionnaire were used as the pretest and posttest measures. Data analysis was conducted using paired sample T-test using the SPSS22. The economic results achieved from the intervention were expressed as the percentage of production increase or the workers' working hours. Based on the research findings, nutrition education had significantly positive effect on low blood pressure (P-value= 0.000), awareness promotion (P-value= 0.004), employee attitude (P-value= 0.003), and healthy nutrition consumption (P-value= 0.037). It also had positive but not significant effect on body mass index (P-value= 0.448). Ergonomic interventions with awareness promotion and attitude style approach had meaningful effect on health promotion and efficiency of labor

In recent years, non- thermal plasma could has yield desirable and successful results, in spite of some challenges and limitations. In particular, in emission control of mobile and stationary sources. CO pollutant, which is emitted from various emission sources is a toxic gas and employee exposure at indoor and outdoor workplaces is one of the main world challenges. The approach of present study is to investigate the key performance parameters of non- thermal plasma in CO treatment efficiency by considering of techno- economic considerations at reactor design.

A coaxial reactor composed of two inner (quartz) and outer (pyrex) tubes as dielectric material, tungsten electrode as cathode and copper foil as anode material has been used. In this study, we have investigated the parameters of temperature, space time, reductant gas, and current intensity of power supply voltage on removal efficiency of the pollutant. Sample size and sampling methods are determined based on the experimental design (i,e,. in two and four level) and ASTM D5835 standard method, Respectively. Data analysis has been done by SPSS software (version 22).

The mean conversion of 28- 29% for carbon monoxide is achieved under optimum conditions by temperature of 110 oC, propane to carbon monoxide ratio of 0.05 and SIE of 1000- 1400 j/l. This is one of the main results of present research and suitable primary alternatives at future researches to utilize non- thermal plasma technology.

In this study, the key parameters of space time and temperature have been shown significant effect on removal efficiency of pollutant. While, due to molecular- chemical structure of CO gas and complexity of participation during redox reactions in NTP reactor, the presence and concentration of propane gas has no significance effect on treatment efficiency. So, consideration of relevant parameters of electron density, gas mixture properties, and geometric characteristics in designing step could play key role in optimization of temperature conditions and pollutant space time

Improving cleaning and disinfection performance must be taken into account for prevention and control of infection. Health care settings are engaged in a battle against healthcare associated infection (HAIs). The importance of infection prevention and control is increasing due to rapidly developing strains of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) that can result in serious illness and even death in workers and patients. There are many cleaning and disinfectant protocols used in health care centers and hospitals. Conventional cleaning and disinfecting methods are not completely effective. On the other hand, some of these products are known or suspected to be associated with eye, skin irradiation, respiratory disorders and allergies. Concerns about adverse human health effects of conventional cleaning and disinfecting products have led to the development of new methods to achieve better results and less adverse effects. Some of these procedures may reduce human health effect as well as reduce costs.

The research purpose is to investigate the proportion of marital conflict، self-differentiation، occupational stress and locus of control in the prediction of burnout. A total sample of 245 teachers were selected by cluster sampling and were asked to fill out the marital conflict questionnaire، Rice occupational stress inventory، Bowen Differentiation of self-inventory، Rutter locus of control inventory and Geldard burnout inventory. The results of the step regression analysis showed that marital conflict، self-differentiation، occupational stress and locus of control can predict 52. 9 percent of the total variance of burnout.