فهرست مطالب taghiloo

In this paper, a finite element model is presented for the transient analysis of low velocity impact, and the impact induced damage in the composite plate subjected to low velocity impact is studied. The failure criteria suggested by Choi and Chang and the Tsai-Hill failure criteria are used for the prediction of the damage in the composite plate; then the effect of various parameters on the impact induced damage is investigated. The first order shear deformation plate theory and the Ritz finite element method are employed for modeling the behavior of plate, and the modified Hertz contact low is used for the prediction of the contact force through the impact. In the numerical results, the time history of indentation, contact force and stress during the impact and the impact induced damage is investigated. The matrix cracking and delamination in the plies of the laminated composite plate subjected to low velocity impact are studied and the effects of various parameters are investigated.

The aim of this research was to predict life quality based on behavioral activator and inhibitor systems and adulthood hyperactivity in male drug abusers. A correlational method was employed. The statistical population consisted of 1637 drug abusers residing in the Alborz province, Iran. 232 drug abusers were selected based on Krejces & Morgan’s table (1970). Participants completed the following questionnaires: The World Health Organization’s Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Questionnaire (Varsharbun, 1998); Conner's (1999) List of the Symptoms of Adulthood ADHD Indicator and the Behavioral Activator and Brain inhibitor System Questionnaire (Carver and White, 1994). Data was analyzed using the structural equation-modeling test. Findings showed that the indirect path coefficients between life quality and components of behavioral activator system (β=-0.292, P=0.01) and adulthood (β= -0.584, P=0.001) were negative. Changes of scores of behavioral-brain system explained 22% of adulthood hyperactivity variance and explained 47% of life quality variance along with changes of ADHD in adulthood. This research shows that adulthood hyperactivity has negative effects on the relationship between behavioral activator system and life quality. Therefore, it can be argued that hyperactivity has negative and destructive effects on personal and social affairs of male drug abuse. We suggest that some workshops should be held to improve the quality of life and decrease the dangerous behaviors in individuals with hyperactivity disorder in order to solve conflicts and improve interpersonal relationships.

Exposure to traumatic events prior to and/or during the puberty has negative consequences to personality development and is considered as an important risk factor for borderline personality disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality symptoms. Applying a descriptive correlational method among the residents of Karaj 7th region in the summer 2017 a total sample of n=300 person were chosen on a randomly basis. The study tools included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation questionnaire (CERQ), and Borderline Symptom List (BSL). Data were analyzed using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The obtained fitness indices supported an acceptable fitness to the model. A total path coefficient were observed for the childhood trauma and borderline personality symptoms (β=0.544, P<0.01). A direct path coefficient also revealed for the negative cognitive emotional regulation strategies and borderline personality symptoms as well (β=0.513, P<0.01). An indirect path coefficient was also evident for the childhood trauma and borderline personality symptoms (β=0.234, P<0.01). It seems that childhood trauma prevent the development of healthy cognitive-emotional regulation capabilities. Negative affect in the borderline patients triggers the negative emotional strategies such as  rumination, which create severe self-blame and other-blame thinking that eventually leads to borderline symptoms.  

Aim: The study purpose was to determinate the role of mediator of coping strategies and perceived social support in relation to perceived stress and quality of life of parents with ASD children. Research method was correlation and the statistical population were all parents of ASD children in 31 provinces of the whole of the country that was about 4000 in 1396. A sample of 660 qualified father or mother was selected by purposive sampling method, and responded to questionnaires of Perceived Stress Scale of Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983), Perceived Social Support of Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley (1988), Coping Strategies with Stress of Endler and Parker (1990), and questionnaires of World Health Organization Quality of Life (1996). After deleting 26 invalid questionnaires and 11 missing data, data of 623 people were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The findings showed that structural pattern of the research with the collected data was desirable fit and perceived stress both directly and negatively (β= -0/328, P= 0.001). Also with mediating perceived social support (β= -0.151, P= 0.001), as well as problem-oriented strategies (β = -0.035, P= 0.005), emotion-oriented strategies (β= -0.182, P= 0.001) and avoidance style (β= -0.024, P= 0.007) is associated with the life quality of parents of ASD children. Since improving, the life quality of Iranian parents with ASD children has a significant effect on the rehabilitation and treatment interventions of their children, designs should be taken to educate effective coping strategies and also to properly parents' perceptions of supportive resources.

Digital shearography is a non-destructive and non-contact method for strainmeasurement. In this article strain analysis on defected plate has been studied by the digital shearography method along with a new technique for phase map measurement. For this purpose, an optical set-up known as modified Michelson interferometry system with two diode lasers were developed which are used as coherent optical source. To create phase shifting a piezo-electrical ceramic was used to miniature displacements of interferometry. Phase shifting technique was used to measure phases and differences between the phases.
The strain was measured using the experimental method and compared with numerical analysis results. Behavior of two graphs of experimental measurement and numerical analysis was approximately the same.

Human flea is assumed as the most dominant ectoparasite associated with transmitting diseases via biting humans. Insecticides are widely employed to curb this vector. Assessment of susceptibility level of populations to various pesticides is necessary for taking appropriate control measures. Subsequent to collection of human flee from indoor areas of Khodabandeh and Mahneshan located in Zanjan province from August 2013 to November 2014, they were kept under standard laboratory conditions. The samples were exposed to inconsistent doses of Permethrin and Lambdacyhalothrin and consequently their mortality rates were assessed after 24 hours. Out of 1074 collected fleas, 88.1% were Pulex irritans, 7.2% Ctenocephalides cani and 4.7% C. felis. Bioassay[s1] results gave evidence to homogeneity of study population. LD50 values for permethrin and lambdacyhalothrin were 288.40 – 295.15 µg/ cm2 and 21.87 – 24.54 µg/cm2, respectively. High levels of LD50 values to pyrethroides of human flea in the studied area indicated the requirement of more attention of health workers to control the vector and Further[s2] research is necessary to assess the resistance status of human flea to alternative effective insecticides.

Human flea (Pulex irritans) is one of the most important human ectoparasites that transmits various pathogens and causes skin irritation by biting humans and animals. Planning control measures against this vector in various regions requires the knowledge of the pathogens within the vector. Thus, this study was carried out to identify Bartonella and Rickettsia infection of P. irritans in Zanjan province. Flea samples were collected via human baits from animal farms in Khodabande and Mahneshan districts from September 2013 to October 2014. DNA was extracted from human fleas, and a part of gltA gene for identification of Rickettsia, and ITS region for identification of Bartonella were amplified by specific primers. A number of PCR products were sequenced after purification. Out of 1136 collected flea samples 1079 (94.98%) were P. irritas, 36 (3.16%) C. canis and 21 (1.84%) were C. felis. 4.9 % of human flea samples had Reckettsia infection, while no Bartonella infection was observed. High frequency and rickettsial infection of P. irritans in the studied areas need more attention of administrators and taking into account control measures against this vector. Although Bartonella infection was not observed in our samples, more comprehensive studies are required to verify this viewpoint.

Patients with hypothyroidism require thyroid hormone replacement. Many studies have shown that bone density reduction is caused by suppressive doses of levothyroxine, but there are contradictory results regarding the effect of levothyroxine replacement dose (non suppressive). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of replacement doses of levothyroxine on bone mineral density in premenopausal females with primary hypothyroidism. In this analytic case - control study, 55 females aged 30 to 50 years with primary hypothyroidism who received levothyroxine for at least two years, with TSH of 0.1 to 4.5 over their follow ups underwent densitometry using DXA method in spine and hip and then were compared with 55 subjects in the control group. The mean differences in bone mineral density and Z-score of total femur zone, neck of femur and lumbar spine zone were significant in control and case groups. There were no significant correlations between the duration and dose and bone density in femur zone (neck and total) and lumbar spine. Likewise, there was no significant correlation between TSH and bone density in total femur zone and lumbar spine; however, the difference was significant in femur neck zone, but not at the level of osteoporosis and osteopenia. This study indicates that taking levothyroxine even with replacement dose (TSH within the normal range) can result in prominent changes in bone density, although it is not clinically significant.

Geo-tourism is the combination word of ground and tourism. It is a part of tourism industrial that has geological, morphological and cultural attraction. Correct and optimal use of the various attractions in different areas is required an enough knowlege of various aspects of this tourism industrial. The purpose of this study refers to assess the regional geo-tourism potential and compare regions with each other. Scope of this research area is Geo-tourism regions including, Haft- cheshmeh of Naghadeh, and Band and Ghasemloo valleys of Urmia. This descriptive- analytical research was used random sampling method to select statistical community that they were 39 tourists who visited studied areas. Hadzich dynamic and dissimilarity coefficient models were used to compare the data collected from the studied regions. According to the results, Geo-tourism potential of Band, Ghasemloo, and Haft cheshmeh are 33.07, 37.53 and 31.81, respectively that shows Geo-tourism potential of regions are moderate. Although there are regional differences in some sub-criteria, but regional similarities are too much in general. The greatest similarity between Band and Ghasemloo regions is within 0.02 Coefficient and 1 in indexes of capability vision and perspective value. The greatest similarity between Band and Haft-cheshmeh regions is within 10.7 Coefficient in sub-criteria of interpretive value.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediation role of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between borderline personality and conjugal violence.
This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the students of the Islamic Azad University of Karaj¡ N= 28000 in the academic year 2014-15. Of these¡ only married students who were eligible to enter the study were selected via multistage sampling. Thus¡ 311 students were selected. Research tools were as follows: the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus¡ Hambly¡ Boney-Mccoy¡ & Sugarman¡ 1996); the Borderline Symptom List (Bohus¡ Limberger¡ Frank¡ Chapman¡ Kühler¡ 2007); the Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow¡ 1991) and the White Bear Suppression Inventory (Wegner & Zanakos¡ 1994). After removal of five outlier respondants¡ structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.
Results showed that rumination and thought suppression emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between borderline personality and conjugal violence.
To avoid negative affect and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies¡ borderline personalities perpetrate to acting out violence towards their partners. Therefore¡ it is suggested that biological and psychological factors in borderline personality disorder should be considered when designing treatment programs.

The main aim of rural development programs is achieving a suitable model for the distribution of settlements, resources and activities based on land capacity. The aim of this descriptive-analytical research refers to study of developed and underdeveloped rural settlements. The population of this study is rural settlements from central section of Urmia. Data obtained from the agriculture department of the province and census housing survey that had been done in 1390. For analyzing data, the TOPSIS model was used for considering rural development level, the hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify clusters of development and regression model was used to analyze causal rural development. The results show that about 81 and 82 percent of developed and high developed rural have been set in agricultural land, irrigated mixed farming and gardens that 68 and 62 percent of these places are located on the slopes of zero to 2 percent. 24 and 15 percent of total villages, that located 5 km from the city and intercity networks, are developed and highly developed respectively. Finally, the regression model also shows that development level of the rural settlements is 3 percent more than cities.

The purpose of this study was testing the structural relationships between objective stress, academic stress, coping styles, reactions to stressors and academic satisfaction. In the correlational study, 300 students (150 male and 150 female) completed the Objective Stress Variables (Kariv & Heiman, 2005), the Student-Life Stress Inventory (Gadzella, 1991), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form (Cohan, Jang & Stien, 2006), and the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1994). In this model, objective loads with academic stress and academic stress with emotion-oriented coping and reactions to stressors showed a significant positive relationship and the results indicated a significant negative relationship between academic stress with task-oriented coping and academic satisfaction. The results showed significant positive relationship between task-oriented coping and academic satisfaction and significant negative relationship between emotion-oriented coping and reactions to stressors with academic satisfaction. Results indicated that relationship between objective and subjective stressful experiences with reactions to stressors and academic satisfaction by task and emotion-oriented coping styles is mediated partially. In mediating models of task and emotion-oriented coping, model's predictors accounted for 31 and 27 of the variance in academic satisfaction, respectively. These results stress on importance of training for adaptive coping strategies.

Marginalization or as today interpretation informal settlement is the outcome of rapid urbanization and transition to socio – economic paradigm of industrialization while urbanization is the prominent spatial form and parallel with socio – economical aspec of this paradigm. In the past decades from the beginning of information society this phenomenon is so developed as if there is a commitment to its eternity and reproduction. In the past decades along with doing programs and plans of functionalistic and linear socio – economic development, with liberalist sight, everybody expected to resolve problems through hidden hand of market and laissez fair and in this periods specially in 1950 and 1960 decades damage strategy or transition to public house was considered. With critique of this strategy in the late 1960 and early 1970 decade the strategy of site and service was uttered by some bodies such as Terner by neglecting local community subjects such as social and physical capital of settlers this plan also failed and caused the colony transition of poverty and marginalization. Theoretical bases: From the 1980 decade through the agency of world bank for the purpose of regularization of informal settlements sees people settled in this settlements not as a problem but as asset and upgrading of their socio – economic situation has become their own lesponsibbility while the government makes it easier for them so that empowerment replaces the entitlement and poverty culture. Mashhad has a special characteristic between the world and Irans cities. This characteristic has made it as the first religious metropolitan in the world. It is the largest city in east of the country with the highest population rate and highest ratio of Iran tourism in all of the country. Mashhad with a population of 2.427 million in 2006 has been the largest metropolitan of the country after Tehran. This city during 1976 to 2006 has the highest rate of population growth between countries metropolitan after Karaj while the great share of this growth has restricted to its margin. That has 200 km2 spaces; it has six hundred and fifty thousand populations in seven city quarter and two hundred and thirteen villages. Golshahr, placed on east north of Mashhad with 34650, population (2006) which were matly Afghans is one of this marginalization quarter of the city. Although it is placed inside the comprehensive plan from 1993, its socio- economic and physical indices are not in a good condition. Using of SWOT method this article analyzed the capabilities of empowerment strategy in regularization of the mentioned area. It has analyzed the strengths and weakness as well as treats and opportunities of structural factors in physical, cultural- social, economical and bioenvironmental dimensions. The results show indicative that this strategy with emphasis on potentials and cababilities of settlers acts better than the other strategies especially in protectivy human dignity. Suggestions: Article’s suggestions are demonstrated at two levels as physical empowerment of informal settlements and socio – economic empowerment.