taher nejadsattari

Cenocarpus erectus L. or Button mangrove is native to Bermuda, West Indies, and USA . It can withstand a range of ambient temperatures (15 ˚C - 50 ˚C) but appears to be slightly frost sensitive. The plants has been used from 2000 to the provinces of Ahwaz.The aim of this research studied allergenic properties pollen grains in Cenocarpus erectus L. in two different seasons spring and autumn. pollen grains from different regions of Ahwaz were studied and tissues organs by optical and scanning electron microscope. Pollens were collected and extracted in PBS. As an experimental model, 21 male Gina pigs were divided into three groups and Pollen extraction injected each 10 days. . NPT and OPT tests using spring and autumn crude extracts were also performed on pre-sensitized guinea pigs.The spring and autumn extracts induced IgE in blood, glucose level was tested and positive skin tests in Sensitized guinea pigs. Eight hours and one week after the blood samples were taken from guinea pigs. Autumn quantity is more than spring. SDS-PAGE analysis of autumn protein content showed apparent major bands ranging from 10,15,25,30 KD respectively.The skin test, clinical test, IgE, glucose level, showed different results in autumn and spring.

Clavulanic acid is the first B-Lactamase inhibitor that has been used clinically since 1981. This inhibitor is the natural product of the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus and is useful for protecting B-lactams against lots of important B-lactamases such as Group A B-lactamases and Group D Cloxacillin lysis enzymes. The aim of this study was to optimize the composition of the fermentation medium in terms of the carbon source in the production of clavulanic acid.

In this experiment, the influence of different concentrations of glycerol 15 g/L, wheat bran 17 g/L, and glucose 18.1 g/L on the production of clavulanic acid was tested. After passing the levels of sporulation, seeding, and fermentation, the influence of different concentrations of glucose, wheat bran, and glycerol on pH rates, biomass, and morphology of Streptomyces clavuligerus was tested by the light microscope. The concentration of clavulanic acid produced was measured by spectrophotometry.

According to the results, the highest production of clavulanic acid in all substrates was on the eighth day. The use of glycerol at a concentration of 15 g/l produced 238.3 mg/l clavulanic acid, which had the highest production rate and also reduced production costs.

Due to the price, availability, and also increasing the production of glycerol and wheat bran (compared to corn oil), the production of clavulanic acid in environments containing glycerol and wheat bran is easier and more convenient.

In this study, morphological characteristics of eleven species of genera Autonoe, Fessia, Othocallis, Prospero, Scilla and Zagrosia were studied by Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and two species of F. bisotunensis and Z. persica was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Based on the results, the general shape of the pollen grains was classified as oblate and peroblate and medium to large pollen grains. Exine ornamentation varied at equatorial grained surface, near groove and intra-groove decorations and was microreticulate, microreticulate-fossulate, microreticulate-reticulate, reticulate-microreticulate, fossulate, microtuberculate, coarse-grained (macrotuberculate-reticulate), reticulate-tuberculate and a tuberculate was observed. In two species of F. bisotunensis and Z. persica, there was an external exit layer of semitectate and an endogenous exine layer in Z. persica. The dendrogram obtained from pollen grain qualitative characters were placed these taxa in three groups and six subgroups and the subgroups were partly matched by genera level. F. bisotunensis and Z. persica that belonged to two different genera were placed in one subgroup and the pollen grain ultrastructure was different between them. Therefore, the pollen grain morphological characters with ultrastructure characters have valuable role in the genus level taxonomy.

The increased effects of UV radiation are observed as a result of the reduced ozone layer with increasing atmospheric pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV radiations on growth and some physiological and biochemical parameters of Portulaca oleracea L. Experiments were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with three replications. Purslane plants were treated with UV rays (UV-A at three times 20, 40 and 60 minutes, UV-B at three times 20, 40 and 60 minutes, and UV-C at five times 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 minutes). The results indicated that changes in root growth were not significant, but shoot length, wet and dry weight of plant increased compared to control in the three groups treated with 60 min UV-A, 60 min UV-B and 10 min UV-C. the treatment with 60 min UV-B increased the activity of defense enzymes, phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant contents significantly more than the other UV treatments. In general, the results indicate that the purslane plant is sensitive to UV radiation. However, applying controlled UV light can provide a new alternative strategy to increase crop productivity, that is the same application of 60 min UV-B as a novel plant growth booster, in comparison with UV-A and UV-C treatment.

Algae are the most important group of organisms which considerably affect the water quality. Although algae constitute one of the fundamental parts of the aquatic food chains, only few researches deal with the freshwater algae of Iran. Filamentous algae are important components of the river vegetation. The Balikhlou River is utilized as a source to obtain drinking water for the city of Ardabil, therefore, the algae flora of this river was studied and a total number of 18 taxa of filamentous algae were determined, of which nine species were belonged to the Cyanophyceae class of Cyanobacteriae, while five speciesof which were belonged to the Chlorophyta. In addition, four species were recorded for the first time from Iran, i.e., Audouinella eugenea, Arthrospira gigantea, Homoeothrix janthina and Tychonema bourrellyi.

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important opportunistic and biofilms-forming microorganisms. Its biofilm structure provides an effective barrier against the antimicrobial penetration and increases the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii by 1000× compared with plankton cells. However, nanoparticles have recently reported as suitable tools to prevent biofilm formation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin nanoparticles on biofilm gene expression inAcinetobacter baumannii strains in vitro.

Seventy clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from different specimens and all specimens were diagnosed biochemically. Antibiotic resistance pattern was detected by disc diffusion method. Isolates of high biofilm producers were selected to investigate the effect of curcumin nanoparticles. The antibiofilm activity of curcumin nanoparticles was studied using Real-time PCR technique in the molecular level.

This bacterium showed high resistance to most antibiotics, except for polymyxin B. Twenty-five strains had high biofilm formation capacity. MIC for curcumin was 128µg/mL in all 25 strains. The expression results showed that CsuE gene was downregulated to 0.31 fold in curcumin-treated samples compared to untreated samples.

The study findings suggest that curcumin nanoparticles can be helpful as a candidate for inhibiting the formation of Acinetobacter biofilms.

Plants are generally subjected to a combination of different conditions such as magnetic field and soil bacteria in their life. The present investigation tried to compare the effects and interactions of magnetic field and rhizobial inoculant in alfalfa. A pot experiment was performed under a natural condition by a factorial design to investigate the influences of magnetic field with 0.75 and 1.5 mT intensities on treated and untreated alfalfa seed with Sinorhizobium meliloti. Results showed that 1.5 mT magnetic intensity reduces growth parameters, protein content, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase activity as a stress factor while superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde, and reducing sugars content increased. Interaction of rhizobial inoculant and 1.5 mT intensity can reduce the damage caused by magnetic field generated in the plant. Application of 0.75 mT intensity and rhizobial inoculant (individual and together) led to a significant increase in growth parameters, protein content, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity while malondialdehyde and reducing sugars content reduced. Therefore, as an eco-friendly technique in agriculture, the application of 0.75 mT and rhizobial inoculant might improve the plant quality. This method could be used as a biofertilizer for vegetable production which reduces the environmental pollution caused by the application of biochemical fertilizers.

Microcin J25 (MccJ25) is a small ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptide that is produced by Enterobacteriacea family especially E.coli. The present study focuses on preparation and evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial and biological properties of a new peptide derived from MccJ25. We prepared a MccJ25-derived peptide containing 14 amino acids and a single intra-molecular disulfide bond according to solid phase synthesis strategy. The purified peptide was characterized by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 96-well microdilution plate assay was exerted for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of peptide against different bacterial strains. Cytotoxicity of the peptide derivative on HT-29 cell line assayed using MTT test. The final peptide successfully was prepared with purity more than 99.8% as determined by analytical HPLC. The evaluation of antibacterial activity of the peptide against Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria revealed that the peptide was very effective against E.coli 35218 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at dose 3.9 µM. The hemolytic activity toward human erythrocytes was very minimal below 0.3 %. The cell viability percentage of HT-29 cell line after 24 hours of contact with the peptide was more than 83%. The high sensitivity of E.coli strain to this new peptide derived from MccJ25 and through minimal toxicity to cancerous cell, suggesting that above synthesized peptide could be considered as a bioactive compound for further investigations.

Global warming, due to the excessive use of fossil fuels, rising prices, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emission, have made scientists produce a renewable fuel as a replacement for fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four species of green algae as raw materials for biodiesel production. After purification, samples were kept in BBM and N8 culture medium at 25° C, pH 7, and under constant light. Growth rate, chlorophyll content, carotenoid concentration, and lipid content were measured. The total fatty acid contents and fatty acid profiles were measured with FTIR and GC-Mass, respectively. Findings showed that the highest growth rate and biomass production, and the minimum division time and also the maximum lipid contents belonged to the green algae Scenedesmussp ISC 94. Moreover, palmitic acid (42.74%), stearic acid (29.56%), palmitoleic acid (10.2%), oleic acid (6.72%), linoleic acid (1.72%), and α-linolenic acid (1.64%) were measured in Scenedesmussp ISC 94. The fatty acid composition of the microalgal lipid comprised over %80 of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with a double bound. Also, palmitic and oleic acids were the majore fatty acids isolated. Therefore, ecause of high lipid production and the best lipid content, Scenedesmussp ISC 94 is recommended for its potential as a biodiesel feedstock.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic mucosal human pathogen responsible for a wide range of acute and chronic infections. PA releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in all situations and environments. OMVs are bilayered proteolipids ranging in diameter from 50 to 250 nm. Recent studies have demonstrated that OMVs are related to PA pathogenesis. According to strain-dependent components of OMV, in this study, we aimed at identifying significant physicochemical differences among OMVs from lab strain ATCC 17933, an antibiotic-susceptible and an antibiotic-resistant PA clinical strains.

OMVs of the three strains were purified using differential centrifugation with deoxycholate and EDTA. Chemical analyses were assessed using nano-drop, SDS-PAGE and the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Moreover, electron microscopy was performed to verify the stability and totality of the extracted OMVs.

The nanodrop method and the LAL test showed that total protein and endotoxin concentrations were significantly different among all the 3 mentioned strains. In addition, the quality control of OMVs illustrated that the lab and the antibiotic-susceptible strains were approximately similar in terms of the vesicle yield and size; however they differed in protein contents. Moreover, OMVs generated from the resistant strain had a higher density, smaller size and sharper protein bands as observed by electron microscopy and SDS-PAGE, respectively. Endotoxins measurement were 2.8, 2.9 and 3 EU/ml for OMVs from the lab, the antibiotic-susceptible and the resistant strains, respectively.

The results of the current study demonstrated that OMVs of the resistant PA strain may produce vesicles with a particular composition. This characterization profile provides a basis for future studies to elucidate immune responses to OMVs from PA and developing vaccines against Pseudomonal infections as a common nosocomial infection with extremely high resistance to antibiotics.

Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, cancer remains a major source of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Currently, the development of sensitive and specific molecular imaging probes for early diagnosis of cancer is still a problematic challenge. Previous studies have been shown that some of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit a broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity against cancerous cells in addition to their antimicrobial activities. MicrocinJ25 (MccJ25) is an antimicrobial peptide that is produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a new peptide radiopharmaceutical derived from MccJ25 for diagnosis of melanoma tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice. A 14 amino acid analog of MccJ25 was labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) through hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) chelator and tricine as coligand. In vivo tumor uptake and tissue distribution were evaluated. The in vivo biodistribution studies were determined in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16F10 tumor. The amount of non-peptide related 99mTc-impurities that measured by thin layer chromatography (TLC) did not exceed 5% of the total radioactivity. The in vitro binding to B16F10 cells was 30.73 ± 0.9% after 1 h incubation at 37°C, and saturation binding experiments showed good affinity for radio-complex (Kd=47.98±6.25 nM). The melanoma tumor was clearly visible up 1 h post-injection by gamma camera imaging. The results showed that 99mTc-labeld peptide could be a promising candidate as a targeting radiopharmaceutical for melanoma tumor imaging in mice.

Centella asiatica (L.) is a popular and highly usable herb in the Middle East, Europe and the United States. It has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, and is also used to treat asthma and bronchitis. In recent years, due to overexploitation, and ineffectual efforts to revitalize this valuable herbal source, the abundance of C. asiatica (L.) in nature has suffered significantly, increasing the risk of its extinction. Therefore, interest in micropropagation of this valuable herb through in vitro plant tissue culture techniques has grown considerably. In this study also, for the first time, the micropropagation of this valuable medicinal plant was carried out through plant tissue culture by nodal explants. In order to proliferation, nodal explants collected from herbal material in Gilan province, after sterilization were cultured in MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mgL-1and IBA 0.1 mgL-1. After 1 month, For studying the in vitro shoot proliferation responses, free-contaminated shoot explants were cultured in 9 treatments of modified MS medium, and MS medium supplemented with BA 0.5 mgL-1, 2ip 0.5 mgL-1 and NAA 0.1 mgL-1 was selected as the best treatment. In the comparison of the effect of 11 different hormonal treatments in MS medium on rooting percentage and acclimatization, the MS medium supplemented with IBA 0.5 mgL-1 was chosen as the best treatment.

Asparagus officinalis L. belongs to the Asparagaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Its different species are used as anticancer, antifunji and anti inflammation. It is cultivated for medicinal, ornamentation, and food purposes. Target of this study focuses on the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs and the flower developmental stage of Asparagus officinalis L. that collected from Dezful City. To study the vegetative organs including root, stem, leaf, and generative organs, vegetative and generative samples collected in different stages of development and investigated by the conventional methods of cellular - histology and the optical microscope in biotechnology laboratory of the University of Science and Researches, in 1395. Observation of vegetative organ structures showed that roots Vascular Cambium include pericycle, vascular bundles (Xylem, phloem) and pith. Central cylinder of stem, is an atactostel, and Vascular Bundles are scattered irregularly and are the uni-strain type. The ovules of this plant are anatropous and its embryo sac is Polygonum type. The pollen of this plant is monosulcate and the ornamentation of its exine is poriferous. The results of this study showed that the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs and the developmental stages of pollen and pistil of this plant is similar to the anatomical and developmental structure of the monocotyledons.

In botanical and taxonomical science embryological studies are specially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in Salvia verticillata L of Lamiaceae family.The flower and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA, stored in70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtome. Staining was done with Hematoxilin and Eosin. The prepared slides from different developmental stages were studied carefully using a light microscope. On the basis of this research results, ovule was anatropous, bitegumic and tenuinucellate. The development of the embryo sac followed the mono-sporic, polygonum type. After the meiosis, megaspore tetrads had linear arrangement. First, embryo sac was very small, so that its nuclei were compressed linearly but in maturation progress, embryo sac sustained longitude growth considerably. The anther was bisporangia. In S. verticillata, the tapetum was plasmodial and secretory with tetra- nucleate and bi-nucleate cells. In species microspore tetrads were observed with tetrahedral and tetragonal arrangement.

The castor plant )Ricinus communis L.) belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is a very important medicinal plant. Carbon nanotubes act as regulator of germination and growth of plant; and are able to change the morphology and physiology of plant cell.Penetration of carbon nanotubes in plant systems are able to change metabolic acts that lead to increase products . XRD and nanoparticle sizer experiments showed that the major phase is carbon and its size is range of 35-300 nm. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (0 and 500 µg ml-1 ) alongside the control under laboratory conditions on the characters of histology and ultrastructure. The vegetative growth was done in greenhouse conditions .foliar spray 500 µg ml-1 treatment (MWCNTs and deionezed water for 0 treatment) was done. Duration of experiment was 45 days. after that plant was exited from soil, shoot and root were seprated.process of preparation was done and samples go over on grid for study TEM.The result of ultra strcture studies of root and leaf showed, there is great aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different length in vacuole and cytoplasm which in leaf cells have aggregation of vacuole and increase of plastogloboly in stroma of chlroplast and transformation of chloroplast from globular to ellipsoid and in root cells lead to destruction of mitochondria crista, vacoule and nucleus membrane and low chromatins, also was observed aggregation of vacuole and many diameter of sclreid and xylem wall.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of environmental conditions with emphasis on the main meteorological factors (air temperature variables, sunshine hour, and humidity), on phytoplankton communities. As important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton communities could be affected by several factors. Environmental factors play the major role in occurrence and diversity of these photosynthetic microorganisms. In the present study, the relationship between phytoplankton occurrence and meteorological variables was assessed in several artificial ponds and lakes in the National Botanical Garden of Iran. For this purpose, surface water samples of the selected sites were monthly studied over a year. A total of 122 taxa of phytoplanktons were identified in the mentioned sites out of which, five taxa were new records for Iran. Among several taxa, six dominant genera, including Chroococcus (Cyanophyta), Nitzschia (Bacillariophyta), Glenodinium (Pyrrhophyta), Scenedesmus, Cosmarium, and Tetraedron (Chlorophyta), were selected for further investigation. The meteorological factors were considered with emphasis on air temperature variables (maximum and minimum temperatures, average air temperature, wet and dry temperatures, and dew point temperature), sunshine hour, and humidity. Results showed that, climatic conditions can be considered as effective factors on phytoplankton communities. The results of regression analysis between algal density and meteorological variables showed that, phytoplankton’s density has a significant correlation with the sunshine hour and air temperature variables. It seems that, the regression equation and environmental sensitivity vary from one taxon to another.

The aim of this study was to investigate the adaptation of the cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. ISC 107to combined effects of carbon dioxide concentration, acidic and alkalinity. Axenic strain was incubated in BG0-11 medium. Carbon dioxide treatments were limited and relatively non-limited. Acidic (pH 5), neutral (pH7), and alkaline (pH 9) conditions were employed in each treatment. Survival, growth, chlorophyll, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin contents were evaluated in each treatment along with ammonium liberation, frequency, and biometry of heterocyst. Results showed that like other explored stigonematalean and nostocalean cyanobacteria, this strain cannot grow in acidic condition. Under limited carbon dioxide condition, difference in growth rates were not significant between acidic and alkaline conditions; however, carbon dioxide enrichment caused significant increase in growth rates. Phycobilisome system of this strain lacked phycoerythrin and may complete its structure both at the core and the rod under alkaline condition. Heterocyst frequency and biometry were maximum at alkaline condition showing significant correlation with nitrogenase activity. Heterocyst showed cylindrical and sub-cylindrical morphology on days 4and 5 after inoculation. Overall, the results showed that this strain may be qualified to be used as a biofertilizer similar to the other cyanobacteria.

Water is the most abundant component of plant cells and as a diamagnetic molecule can be affected by magnetic field. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of magneticallytreated water on speed of vegetative growth and stages of reproductive organs development and Ultrastructure of Pollen grain of lentil (Lens culinaris L.). For this aim lentil seeds were cultured in green house and were irrigated either with tap water (control group), or magnetically-treated water (tap water which was passed through a magnetic field of 110 mT). Growth and development of male and female generative organs were studied via cytological and histological routine methods and the ultrastructure of pollen grains was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed irrigation with magnetically-treated water increased the speed of lentil flowering. In developmental stages of anther and gynoecium showed no difference between control and treated plants. The apparent shape of the megaspor mother cell and egg cell, was the same in both groups. Lentil pollen grain is tricolpate with reticulate architecture. The decorations of pollen grains were thicker and wider in the plants irrigated with magnetically-treated water, compared to the control plants. Number of pollen grain had no difference between groups. Totally irrigation with magnetically-treated water increases the speed of flowering and thus reduces the growth period is in lentil. Therefore, irrigated with magneticallytreated water can be a big help to reduce the water used to irrigate the crops.

Diatoma De Candolle is common algae flora in equatic ecosystem. Epilithic, Epipelic and Epiphytic population are the best indicator for water quality.
In this study, samples were taken on monthly, of 6 different station of rock, sediment and plant surface. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature , pH, Electrical Counductivity and Dissolved Oxygen were insitu measured in site and Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand were measured in laboratory. Diatoms identify on the basis of morphological characters of the silica cell wall.
Findings: species from Diatoma De Candolle in Jajrood river were identified consist of: Diatoma anceps (Ehr.) Kirchn. Diatoma ehrenbergii Kutz. Diatoma mesodon (Ehr.) Kutz. Diatoma tenuis C. A. Agardh. Diatoma vulgare Var. breve Grun. Diatoma vulgare Var. linearis V. H. Diatoma vulgaris Bory.
Discussion and Counclusion: Physicochemical factors such as BOD and COD increases and the water pollution index, are down the river is significant pollution increases. Diatoms counting showed diatoms density down the river to increase. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant correlation is between increased diatoms density and increased pollution.

H. Pylori is an important cause of human peptic ulcers and stomach cancers. Once the bacterium is placed in the water, it changes into a viable, but non-cultivable coccoid form, which is considered as an important factor to spread out the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of coccoid forms of H. pylori in water samples, using PCR and culture methods. This experimental study was performed on 10 strains of H. pylori isolated from clinical specimens. Isolates were added to water at the temperatures of 4°C, 22°C, and 37°C and incubated at intervals of 1 and 2 months. Each time, the samples were cultured on Brucella blood Agar medium. Following DNA extraction, the presence of glmM gene was confirmed using PCR method. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR method were evaluated. While
culturing in first month at 4°C showed no H. pylori coccoid growth on medium, some positive results (growth rate of 10% and 20%, respectively) were detected at 22°C and 37°C during the same month. No positive result was obtained during the second month. Performing PCR, with more sensitivity as compared to culturing method, identified H. pylori coccoid growth of 10%, 30%, and 40%, for the first month, and 0%, 20%, and 30% for the second month at 4°C, 22°C, and 37°C, respectively. The results of this study showed that the non-cultivable cocoid forms of H. pylori in water can be detected by non-culturing methods such as PCR which is sensitive, specific, and accurate.

The present research aimed to investigate through a polyphasic approach, the differences in morphological and genotypic features of two cyanobacterial strains isolated from paddy fields of northern parts of Iran, belonging to the family Nostocaceae (subsect. IV. I). Based on the reliable identification keys, the two strains were identified as Nostoc ellipsosporum (Desm.) Rabenh. ex Born. et Flah, and N. muscorum Ag. ex Born. et Flah. Sequencing of cloned bacterial 16S rRNA fragment strongly indicated that, two Nostoc strains could not be discriminated by 16S rRNA and ITS genes sequencing and the current morphological classification of both is invalid. Moreover, phylogenetic study of two Nostoc strains has demonstrated that, genetic relationships are in conflict with the morphological classification. Besides, after doing DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, it was concluded that, two Nostoc strains investigated might possibly be united into one species. Finally, two Nostoc species were named as Nostoc sp. Bahar_E and Nostoc sp. Bahar_M, and have been registered under DDBJ, accession numbers: JF795278 and JF272482, respectively.

Drought with its osmotic stress effects inhibits plants growth and limits agricultural crops production. Nitric oxide (NO) is a stable free radical gas which acts as a signaling molecule in plants and participates in various plants physiological and developmental processes and also in plants responses to environmental stresses. In this study sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used as NO donor. Oilseed rape seedlings were subjected to various soil moisture contents including, 100%, 60% and 30% field capacity (FC) with and without SNP (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM) for a period of 21 days. Results showed that drought stress alone reduces both shoots and roots dry weight. The amounts of proline, soluble sugars, anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenols were significantly higher in seedlings subjected to drought stress. Of the various concentrations of SNP used, treatments containing 25 µM, increased both growth and the amounts of proline, soluble sugars, anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenols under drought stress. Higher concentrations (75 and 100 µM) of SNP caused oxidative damages to the seedlings.

In this research the outer tepal of 28 species of Delphinium were micromorphologically studied using Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM). Tepals were examined through electronic microscope observations regarding hair existing, hair form, hair density and tepal epidermal patterns and a separate table was prepared. In this study results showed the species were classified in two groups of hairy and hairless, and regarding the hair diversity in four groups of strigose, villous, crispate and hooked, also tepal epidermal patterns categorized into six groups including the papillae, cup shape, rugose, striate, granular and striate rugose. These results indicate that species complex of D. crispulum, D. elbursense, D. speciosum and D. dasycarpum show differences regarding the type of tepal hair and tepal epidermal patterns. Also, the micromophological study of tepal epidermal pattern, confirmed the separation of D. saniculifolium from D. aquilegifolium and D. tuberosum from D. cyphoplectrum.

Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of the contaminated sites since it is cost-effective and will lead to complete mineralization. This study was aimed to isolation and phylogenetic identification of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria from soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz.
The crude oil contaminated soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz was sampled accidentally and under sterile condition. The amount of absorbable phosphorus was determined using Olson method and also, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen by CHN meter device. Mineral salt medium containing 2% crude oil was used for isolation of oil eating bacteria. Following sieving the soil samples, the total carbon content of the soils were analysed by gas chromatography. Biochemical tests and PCR method were used to identify the dominant bacteria.
In this study, 44 bacterial strains were isolated, among them 20 isolates in the first and one in the second screening methods were selected, which was nominated as S31.This strain belonged to Bacillus licheniformis. The growth of the selected isolate in the media with 2% crude oil was better than the standard strain and remediated 84% of the crude oil in 30 days incubation time at about 30o C.
The selected Bacillus could use 2% of crude oil as source of carbon and energy and we suggest further studies on this bacterium in bacterial consortia.

A new morphospecies, Anabaena variabilis var. kashinesis (Bharadwaja) Fritsch (Nostocaaceae, Cyanophyta) is reported for algal flora of Iran. The specimens were collected at 2013 from paddy fields of Golestan province. After isolation and uniculture in both liquid and solid media the variety was identified using optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques based on Morphological characteristics and behavioral analysis under different temperature and carbon dioxide concentration at limited irradiance (2μE m-2 s-1) which is the first combined method of phytoplankton studies in Iran. Regarding biological versatility of cyanophyta, the study emphasized on most morphological characteristics of the variety and a new description of Anabaena variabilis var. kashinesis (Bharadwaja) Fritsch has been presented in this paper.