فهرست مطالب tasnia ahmed

 In the current study, the relevance of the respiratory infection with the age, sex, and seasonal variation of the year were studied side by side with the determination of the responsible bacterial pathogen and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.

 One hundred sputum samples were collected to determine the causative bacteria of respiratory distress. An antibiotic susceptibility test was done to determine the susceptibility pattern of the isolates.

 The study found six distinct bacteria causing respiratory infections (Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. Escherichia coli, and Serratia spp.). Out of 100 isolates, 21 isolates were susceptible to all of the fourteen antibiotics used in the study, and 4 isolates were completely resistant towards all of the antibiotics which were used in the study. The choice of antibiotic was based on the most prescribed medicines given by the doctors of Bangladesh.

 Wound infection is a highly common problem in hospital settings, where microbes are often resistant and difficult to treat due to rapid exposure to antibiotics. While treating wound infection, bacteria often enter the deep tissue; as therapy needs long exposure time, bacteria have sufficient time to develop biofilm, which makes them much more resistant to antibiotics.

 The current study was performed to identify wound-infecting bacteria and determine their protease production activity.

 The ability to produce biofilm was evaluated by the Congo red agar and tube methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was assessed before and after biofilm formation to detect the changes in resistance due to biofilm formation.

 We identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Corynebacterium xerosis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. in 20 wound samples, among which about 10 isolates were found to be biofilm producers. Almost all the biofilm producers showed complete resistance or a much smaller inhibition zone.

 Pathogenic bacteria can be more difficult to eradicate by antibiotic treatment if they are able to produce biofilm; thus, it is essential to prevent biofilm formation.

Foodborne illness is generally caused after the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Food contamination often caused by contact with tabletops or food-handling surfaces where the pathogenic microbes are present due to the unhygienic conditions of people working there and the overall environment of the food serving area. In the current study, four areas (local restaurants, fast food shops, university canteens and hospital canteens) were selected for collection of swab samples (per cm2 area) from the tabletops. Five samples from each area were taken for further studies. After microbiological analysis, we found ten different types of bacteria (Esherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Corynebacterium xerosis, Staphylococcus aures, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes fecalis) which are already considered to be pathogenic bacteria causing different health issues in immune-compromised and also in healthy consumers. These bacteria were then subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using ten antibiotics-Vancomycin (30µg), Cotrimoxazol (30µg), Azithromycin (15µg), Gentamicin (10µg), Amoxycillin (10 µg), Cephradine (30 µg), Ceftriaxone (30 µg), Cefuroxime (30 µg), Cefoxitin (30 µg) and Tetracycline (30 µg). Bacterial isolates collected from university and hospital canteens showed the most resistance towards these antibiotics. Strict maintenance of proper sanitation and hygiene starting from personal aspects to the overall environment of food handling services should be maintained to reduce food contamination and foodborne disease.

Periodontal diseases are very common among the people of all ages and also a proof of oral hygiene maintenance practice. A variety of microorganisms are found in human oral cavity which can often cause periodontitis, cavities, gingivitis, mineralization of tooth and other oral diseases. Current study was carried out to determine which microbes are responsible for dental carries among the patients in Dhaka along with control with no dental disease. After observing the symptoms of dental carries like tooth pain, bleeding gum, bleeding while eating and brushing, weakening of teeth, mobility of teeth, swelling of gum etc.; dental plaque samples were collected and diluted in thioglycollate broth. The diluted sample was then transferred to a series of specific media including Mitis Salivarius Agar (MSA), BD LBS Agar, Actinomycetes Isolation Agar, NOS Spirochete medium, P. GING (Porphyromonas Gingivalis Agar) and VCAT and incubated at 37oC to isolate Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Actinomycetes spp.,  Treponema spp. and Capnocytophaga spp. One sample was taken from healthy patient as a control test harboring no pathogenic microbial growth. According to current study, the most common microbes which can initiate these dental diseases include Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Capnocytophaga spp., Porphyromonas gingivitis, Actinomycetes spp. etc. After detecting the mentioned microorganisms, different procedures were prescribed for the patients including scaling, root cannel, surgical removal of teeth (tooth extraction) etc. Oral hygiene should be maintained not only by the patients, but also by every person to lessen the risk of dental disease as well as the early detection of it to prevent the loss of tooth.