Microbiological study of oral cavity of patients seeking dental treatments in Dhaka Metropolis, Bangladesh

Periodontal diseases are very common among the people of all ages and also a proof of oral hygiene maintenance practice. A variety of microorganisms are found in human oral cavity which can often cause periodontitis, cavities, gingivitis, mineralization of tooth and other oral diseases. Current study was carried out to determine which microbes are responsible for dental carries among the patients in Dhaka along with control with no dental disease. After observing the symptoms of dental carries like tooth pain, bleeding gum, bleeding while eating and brushing, weakening of teeth, mobility of teeth, swelling of gum etc.; dental plaque samples were collected and diluted in thioglycollate broth. The diluted sample was then transferred to a series of specific media including Mitis Salivarius Agar (MSA), BD LBS Agar, Actinomycetes Isolation Agar, NOS Spirochete medium, P. GING (Porphyromonas Gingivalis Agar) and VCAT and incubated at 37oC to isolate Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Actinomycetes spp.,  Treponema spp. and Capnocytophaga spp. One sample was taken from healthy patient as a control test harboring no pathogenic microbial growth. According to current study, the most common microbes which can initiate these dental diseases include Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Capnocytophaga spp., Porphyromonas gingivitis, Actinomycetes spp. etc. After detecting the mentioned microorganisms, different procedures were prescribed for the patients including scaling, root cannel, surgical removal of teeth (tooth extraction) etc. Oral hygiene should be maintained not only by the patients, but also by every person to lessen the risk of dental disease as well as the early detection of it to prevent the loss of tooth.