tayebeh amirian

he research objective is to clarify the miraculous concept in the interaction and legendary transformation with the fictional text, according to Todorov’s theory, to provide a different reading of fantastic novels. In this path, The fantastical features can be read by receiving the transformation of the Iranian myth of “Zāl” in “Shahnameh” and realizing the pattern of mythical time (Short and Round) in the novel “The Sages of Darkness” by Salim Barakat, based on the references that point to the myth of longevity and the abandoned child. the important points of this reading is the necessity of paying attention to employing the mythological transformation in forming the concept of fantasy genre according to Todorov’s theory through knowledge of myths. Using the analytical comparative approach by tracing the events of the novel and comparing the existential meaning of the miraculous characters such as “Bikas”, “Mullah Benaf” and “Afdi Sari” with the characters “Zāl”, “Sām”, “Kay Kāvus” and the legendary time, It seems that the mythical transformation from which Barakat’s novel takes its background and narrative atmosphere for its formation and origin is a path to interpreting aspects of life. This is an important point in understanding the effectiveness of the fantasy discourse of the novel that the novelist uses to explain the relationship between man and the other, the connection between man and society, and the relationship between man and the world, going beyond ordinary thinking.

Every nation’s myths are the narrators of unique intellectual infrastructures, cultural evolutions, and religious values of that nation since the beginning, which can be searched at various levels of individual, social, and cognitive life. Hence, Iranian mythology's visible and hidden lines are evident in various fields of structure, meaning, aesthetics, literature, architecture, and different arts, including carpet weaving. In this regard, in the mutual relations between human civilizations, the influence of the images and motifs of Iranian myths in the creations of other nations' cultures, including the civilization of the Arab-Islamic lands, is visible in specific periods. Meanwhile, researchers believe that in the design of a group of Mamluk carpets of, there are elements that have no similarity with traditions evident in other arts or Egyptian architectural decorations. Obviously these motifs contain a multiplex activity of geometric shapes on symmetrical scales in the design of cypress and palm trees, various flowers, blossoms, a pond, and a color palette consisting of red, blue white colors. The research baised qualitative methodolog, by comparing the symbolic motifs found in Mamluk carpets with the mythological schemas found in Iranian literature and culture, seemingly the influence of Iranian mythological ideas has given a distinct face to Mamluk carpet and a new direction in the carpet weaving industry and increasing its prestige and status was created.

The Thousand and One Nights, with its varied features based on the process of narration, description and dialogue between the characters in the space of time and place, reflects the reality of society in its various aspects, where the contemporary novelist seeks to enhance his novelistic effectiveness by being inspired by The Thousand and One Nights, as a source text, with the refinement of his literary faculties and his mind for creation. “Soulaf Baghdad” by Muhsin Jassim al-Musawi, the Iraqi critic and novelist, who borrowed “Baghdad” to represent the bleak Iraqi reality after the American occupation, is only the evidence of his direct, creative and indirect influence on the narrative climates of the tales of the nights from the stylistic point of view. For the spread of his ideas, his novelistic or creative experience, and his critical skill, as a literary critic, he is immersed in the concepts and techniques of narration simultaneously. Getting to know the novelist's motive for inspiration from the narrative framework of The Thousand and One Nights, explains the necessity of conducting the current research using the descriptive-analytical method. It seems to us that the narrative structure of the novel, with its overlapping narrative structure, secret places, and the presence of eccentric characters, bringing poetry, associated with the thousand and one nights. It can be said that this influence is a driving force for a project that aims to draw the atmosphere of Baghdad, the tragic past of the fifties and Baghdad, its unknown and frightening future, next to the conditions and facts of “Soulaf” with its people, with several narrations in one narration by the narrator of Scheherazade, between reality and imagination. As for the content of the fictional work, It can be said that according to the author's critical viewpoint and the many books he wrote in the field of criticism of The Thousand and One Nights and Arabic narratology has provided his novel with an artistic image with a new reading of The Thousand and One Nights and the mechanisms of intellectual vision in it.

Translating cultural elements within a literary text is one of the most important challenges that the translator encounters due to cultural and intellectual differences stemming from the spirit of the language. The translator’s task is to seek to find a cultural equivalent close to the recipient’s understanding in the TA’s culture. The equivalent that does not touch the circle of taboos of that culture. Abshouran by the Iranian novelist Ali Ashraf Darwishian constituted a distinct cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The story established a world narratively in detail and took place on the reality of misery and filth in proletarian society. It aroused the interest of Ahmed Musa to translate it into Arabic and focusing on its cultural aspects and transferring it to the Arabic language space. Through the descriptive method and comparing the translation process with the source text and analyzing it, as well as shedding light on cultural translation strategies from the translation scholars’ perspective, we search: How did the translator interact with the cultural elements as the shadow of the language in translating according to the cultural translation strategies? Based on this equivalence: Equivalency, neutralization, analysis, anatomy, and localization are related to the translation of local cultural concepts and the translator resorts to the equivalent and the cultural equivalent more then to the employment of brief explanation and analysis to avoid the ambiguity of the meaning and sometimes the translator did not choose the appropriate translation to convey the meanings of the original text.

Translation criticism, based on the patterns of cognitive translations, is a criterion to describe the translation function in the target language by preserving literature and understanding the meaning of the source language. The validity of the translation of the novel will also be measured and represented with meticulous awareness of the shortcomings and its positive features according to the principles of translation evaluation models. Antone Breman, whose basis of his translational viewpoint is based on the source text, explains the twelve deforming tendencies between the source, target language named “deconstructive method” or “distortion factors”. According to this theory, when the number of changing trends in the translation process is more significant, the translator has distorted the original text more. In this study, we want to consider the perspective of Bremen’s deconstructive tendencies with respect to the alien text and foreign, Arabic translation called “Aynaha” by Ahmad Musa of “Her Eyes” written by Bozorg Alavi. The main focus of this research is to review the dominant trends in text change by translator mentioning to citing the evidence and proposed translation. Findings of the study confirm six trends of twelve Bremen deconstructive tendencies, and it claims that the translator, according to his own taste, has made changes in translation, and he was not loyal to the source text.

Through an applied text study we try to get closer to “Rehlat Ebn Fatoma” distinguished by structure and composition, by Nagiub Mahfouz Egyptian novelist, and perhaps the most important characteristics is its mastery to contain a recall of the heritage of mystical and spiritual literature, that Makes this navel tends its own shoved to meet the novelist thecnical inspiration in the search for truth and spiritual perfection through a mystical experience of love. Mahfouz's ambition to enrich his narrative experience by expanding the meaning of love in Iranian Sufism stories, like the story of “Al- Shaikh Sanaan va Al-Fatat Al- Rumiah”by Attar Al- Nayshabouri, contributed to the formulation of the mystical structure of the novel in terms of idea and aesthetically and represent a creative image raises the question: How did Nagiub Mahfouz recall the Sufiam dominant thought of the text of Al-Shaikh Sanaan in Rehlat Ebn Fatoma? The applied-  analytical approach is desiring to stand on the Suism discours manifestations of the story of Al-Shaikh Sanaan in Mahfouz’z novel and try to reveal the suggestive semantics like the role of women in achiving the mystic style and the dimensions of dream or imagination and travel from the countries trip to the travel of hearts and examination in thought and in the production of Sufi meaning.

Background and Eating habits are formed in childhood and continue throughout life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and behavior of mothers about proper nutrition in children aged 2-6years. In this quasi-experimental study multistage random sampling was performed in Tehran Health Houses. The participants were divided into two groups, an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group attended four training sessions that were held in three months. They were given pamphlets about healthy eating habits and group discussion was conducted alongside other educational programs. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and paired t-test. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and behavior in intervention group were 18.59, 18.22 and 13.89, respectively that increased to 20.46, 19.30, and 15.59, respectively (P<0.001). According to the results, training the mothers on appropriate eating habits could be effective in enhancing their knowledge, attitude and practice towards their children nutrition.

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy، which complicates 3-5% of pregnancies. It is a major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality worldwide. Despite decades of research، the etiology of preeclampsia has remained unknown and undetectable prior to the onset of symptoms. The current review article discusses different aspects of preeclampsia in order to delineate the pathophysiology of the disease. This study has reviewed 96 publications explaining the various characteristics of preeclampsia including etiology، genetics، proteomics and metabolomics، using EBSCO، OVID، PubMed، Elsevier and NCBI databases. Based on the published studies، endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major problems in preeclampsia. Related genes and biomarkers are reported which may improve the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Proteomics and metabolomics have provided new insights into better understanding of the etiology and management of the disease. Preeclampsia is a complicated and multifactorial disease which needs to be evaluated in different aspects. This review article introduces novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

Despair is one of the negative emotional states in human that many factors، including-mindedness، not believing in God، evil`s temptations، false hopes، failures، suspicion، and… lead it to emerge and has dangerous and irreversible consequences. Many wise and valuable remarks of Imam Ali (AS)، in the book Nahjolbalaghe، contain how to act and provide guidelines in confronting and managing this emotional state. It also includes techniques on how to stimulate positive emotions in humans for the treatment and eradication of despair. The main strategies and practices that Imam Ali (AS) have used to stimulate positive emotions in people in order to treat despair are patience، trust in God، prayer and invocation، optimism and…