vahid sobhani

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of different training methods of dual task on balance and cognitive function in the elderly. The participants in this study were 36 elderly individuals aged 65 years and older, who met the research's entry criteria. The selected individuals were divided into three groups of 12 people each based on the pre-test Berg balance scores. The research groups included dual task balance training with fixed and variable priority and a control group. The Berg balance test was used to assess functional balance in the elderly, and the Serial reaction time test was used to assess cognitive function. Data analysis was conducted using covariance analysis and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The results of the data analysis showed that in the balance test, there was no significant difference between the control group and the dual task group with fixed and variable priority (P≥0.05). In addition, the serial reaction time test results showed that the dual task groups performed significantly better than the control group (P≤0.05), And the variable priority dual-task group had a significantly lower reaction time than the fixed priority dual-task training group (P≤0.05). The results of this research demonstrated that dual task training, particularly with variable priority, resulted in faster information processing in the elderly. Therefore, it appears that, in addition to the theory of limited attention capacity, other mechanisms such as the allocated attention ability can effectively impact balance and cognitive performance

 The most common musculoskeletal disorder among military personnel, especially office workers, is chronic low back pain due to lumbar disc herniation.

 This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected motor control retraining exercises after conventional treatments on the persistence of changes in pain, functional disability, and range of motion in male military personnel with lumbar disc herniation.

 Military personnel with lumbar disc herniation were divided into two groups of intervention (N = 18) and control (N = 18) after 10 sessions of conventional exercises. The intervention group performed 60 minutes of motor control retraining exercises three times a week for eight weeks, while the control group continued the usual stretching for back pain.

 The average scores of pain intensity, functional disability, and range of motion after conventional and selected motor control retraining exercises showed a significant difference (P < 0.001).

 Motor control retraining exercises after conventional treatments can improve pain, functional disability, and range of motion in male military personnel with chronic back pain caused by lumbar disc herniation. This technique may improve the quality of life and function for military personnel who are at high risk of this disorder. More research is needed to confirm these findings and examine the intervention's long-term effects. These physical exercises may be appropriate for treating people with similar symptoms.

Ultrasonography is a common tool for assessing muscle morphology. This study aims to investigate the intra-rater reliability of ultrasonography measurements of the masseter and lateral pterygoid muscles (LPM) in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to compare the measurements between the two groups.

A total of 30 individuals (15 subjects with TMD and 15 subjects without TMD) participated in the study. Imaging of the masseter muscle at rest and contraction, in addition to LPM, was performed using sonography in 2 sessions with a 2-day interval and the thickness of these muscles was measured. To assess the reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3, 3)), standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and limits of agreement were used. Additionally, for the between-group comparison of measurements, the independent sample t-test was used. The Cohen d was used to determine the size of the differences.

ICC(3, 3) for intra-rater reliability of masseter thickness in rest and clenched positions and LPM were 0.89, 0.80, and 0.86 in the asymptomatic group, and 0.88, 0.80, and 0.90 in the TMD group, respectively. The values of absolute reliability parameters, such as standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were in a small range. Additionally, compared to the asymptomatic group, the TMD group had thicker masseter muscle in the rest position and the effect size revealed a large difference between the groups. No significant differences were found between the groups for the thickness of the masseter muscle in contraction position and LPM.

The results of the intra-reliability study revealed that ultrasonography is a reliable method to measure the thickness of the masticatory muscles in TMD subjects and asymptomatic subjects. Additionally, TMDs can change the thickness of the masticatory muscles.

Maintaining combat readiness for the military is essential to improving the performance and ability to defend the country. L-Arginine supplementation has a positive effect on physical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation on Army Combat Readiness Test (ACRT) and anaerobic power in the military.

Twenty male military volunteers participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups of 10 L-arginine and placebo. Before and 12 weeks after supplementation, subjects performed the ACRT and anaerobic tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significance level was considered p≤0.05.

The results showed that L-arginine significantly decreased the ACRT test time (P = 0.001) and significantly increased anaerobic power (P = 0.027) compared to placebo.

This study concludes that 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation can increase combat power and increase anaerobic power and thus improve physical performance in the military.

With the change in the feeding patterns and modern life style, overweight and obesity have been increasing and so, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and premature death caused by it has increased. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of intense intermittent aerobic exercise on body mass index and fasting blood sugar in the nurses of Baqiyatallah Hospital.

The current study was a semi-experimental and a randomized clinical trial study of three groups. The population of study included 30 nurses who were randomly divided into three groups of intermittent exercise type one (10), intermittent exercise type two (10) and control group (10). The height, weight and fasting blood sugar of all the subjects were measured before and after the study. SPSS version 22 software was used for statistical analysis and ANOVA (repeated measurement) was used for inferential data analysis. The p<0.05 was considered as significance difference.

8 weeks of regular exercise activity resulted in a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar values ​​and a decrease in the BMI in two exercise groups (p<0.05). also, group one (mean fasting blood sugar before intervention 98±21, after intervention 90±11 and BMI before intervention 26.68±1.59, after intervention 25.30±0.09) and group two (mean fasting blood sugar before intervention 99±6.06, after intervention 96±13 and BMI before intervention 27.46±1.34, after intervention 26.27±0.08 ) had the greatest reduction in fasting blood sugar.

In general, based on the findings of the present research, regular exercise programs with a certain intensity, which can be implemented at the workplace, will be effective in controlling weight and reducing fasting blood sugar in obese people, who have an increasing population.

This study evaluated the brain activity based on the linear and nonlinear features of surface electroencephalography (EEG) in the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and the effect of learning in the test response and related EEG features.

A total of 21 women and 19 men with physical and mental health participated in this study. Four stages of this SCWT, consistently in the first and second stages and inconsistently in the third and fourth stages, were taken twice by the participants with a 10-min interval. Besides, EEG recording was simultaneously taken for 1 minute at each stage.

The number of correct responses in the inconsistent stages was lower than that in the consistent stages, while the delay of correct responses was more in the consistent stages. EEG features showed that the relative power band of alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) frequency reduced during the test compared to the resting state. In contrast, the gamma 2 (40-50 Hz) frequency band showed a significant increase. There was no significant difference between various stages of the test and between two repetitions in the test indices and EEG features.

Compared to the resting state, the relative power of alpha 1 and gamma 2 frequency bands changed during SCWT without considering the stage of the test.

The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) is being used widely in various countries. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of NBQ.

This methodological study investigated 170 patients with chronic neck pain (NP). The psychometric properties of NBQ were evaluated in two stages. First, the standard scale was translated based on Guillemin’s guidelines for cross-cultural adaption and face validity tested in a pilot group (N = 25). Second, it was conducted on a sample of 170 diverse chronic pain patients. Construct validity was determined with convergent validity by short-form McGill pain questionnaire. Then, the reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient.

The instrument demonstrated a good face validity and the participants made minor changes. A slight change was applied on content validity. In construct validity, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.85, which was statistically significant and showed strong correlation. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 was obtained. This confirmed the remarkable internal consistency and stability (0.92).

The Persian version of NBQ showed a good internal consistency and reliability and it could be considered as a valuable tool for assessing patients with cervical pain in Iranian population.

Maintaining combat readiness for the military is essential to improving the performance and ability to defend the country. L-Arginine supplementation has a positive effect on physical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation on Army Combat Readiness Test (ACRT) and anaerobic power in the military.

Twenty male military volunteers participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups of 10 L-arginine and placebo. Before and 12 weeks after supplementation, subjects performed the ACRT and anaerobic tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significance level was considered p≤0.05.

The results showed that L-arginine significantly decreased the ACRT test time (P = 0.001) and significantly increased anaerobic power (P = 0.027) compared to placebo.

This study concludes that 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation can increase combat power and increase anaerobic power and thus improve physical performance in the military.

Improper body posture and differences in spinal angles can lead to orthopedic injuries. Forward head and kyphosis are some of the complications of improper posture that can lead to back pain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between forward head position and dorsal kyphosis with non-specific chronic low back pain in military mans.

In this cross-sectional study, 60 middle-aged military men aged were purposefully divided into two groups of 30 people with non-specific chronic low back pain and healthy (Age range: healthy 43.4 ± 10/10 years and low back pain 45.1 ± 6.6 years). Then, information related to dorsal kyphosis was collected with a kyphometer, range of motion of the back by goniometer, and forward head position using a body-vision device. Kolmogorov – Smirnov test was used for data normality and Independent t and chi-square tests were used for data analysis in Spss19 software with significant level (P <0.05).

The results showed that there was a significant difference between forward head position in patients with chronic low back pain and without low back pain (P = 0.036). While there was no significant difference between kyphosis in people with chronic low back pain and without low back pain (P = 0.73). In the correlation study, it was found that there was no significant relationship between kyphosis and forward head in people with chronic back pain (P = 0.924) and healthy people (P = 0.062). The angle of range of motion of the lumbar spine was not significantly related to the angle of the thoracic kyphosis angle in patients with chronic low back pain (P = 0.088) and healthy individuals (P = 0.544). In addition, forward head position was not significantly associated with VAS in patients with chronic low back pain (P = 0.330), but a significant association between forward head position and VAS was confirmed in healthy subjects (P = 0.006).

By examining the spine and examining neck pain in healthy military men, it is possible to detect postural changes and prevent chronic back pain. Postural evaluation also helps to correct any pain and abnormal condition of weak muscles by prescribing corrective exercises.

Physical fitness is a major contributor to combat readiness, and current military tests do not measure it appropriately. The purpose of this study was to design a combat readiness test that could reliably and consistently determine the level of physical fitness distinctly required prior to deployment into the battlefield.

The subjects of this study were military personnel with an average age of 30.5±4.14 years. After the initial design of the test, content, criterion and discriminant validity were assessed. The reliability was evaluated through the test-retest method. Physiological parameters such as heart rate and blood lactate as well as Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were used to determine the severity of the designed test. Data analysis was done by SPSS-18.

The test was designed in a circuit and consisted of 11 items. After validity assessment, questions with CVI (content validity index) and CVR (content validity ratio) of less than the limit were modified and corrected. The validation process was repeated until the desired amount of CVR of 0.56 and the CVI greater than 0.79 were obtained. There was a positive correlation between the time of the designed test and the time of the American army combat readiness Test (ACRT). The time taken to complete the test was significantly different between elite and non-elite volunteers was significantly different. A significant correlation was found between test and retest results.

Results indicate that the test has acceptable content validity, criterion, discriminant validity, and reliability. The physiological variables of heart rate and blood lactate concentration and RPE before and after the test showed that the severity of the test was maximal.

Nowadays, the use of green tea supplements has increased. Studies have shown that green tea can have positive effects on anti‑inflammatory and antioxidative factors, as well as improve aerobic performance capacity. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effects of this supplement on inflammatory factors, total antioxidant capacity responses, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) of healthy young men in summer.

This study is a double‑blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 15 young men (age 25.06 ± 2.1) were randomly assigned into the green tea (GT) and placebo groups. Subjects performed maximum aerobic exercises (shuttle run 20 m) in separate workouts (14 days) in summer. They consumed 640 mg green tea extracts or maltodextrin 90 min before exercise in a double‑blind design. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise and then evaluated in the biochemistry laboratory. In this study, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for the statistical analysis.

The results of this study show that green tea supplement significantly slowed down the increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‑α) (GT: 15.03 ± 4.31 [pg/ml], placebo: 31.38 ± 7.18 [pg/ml], [P = 0.000]); increased the total antioxidant capacity (GT: 1.04 ± 0.06 [mm], placebo group: 0.72 ± 0.04 [mm], [P = 0.001 VO2 ]); and Max (GT: 44.43 ± 3.06 [ml/kg/min], placebo group: 34.88 ± 1.30 [ml/kg/min], [P = 0.001]) in the supplement group than placebo. In addition, no significant differences in interleukin 1 beta (IL‑1β) was observed between thee groups (GT: 26.86 ± 5.05 [pg/ml], placebo group: 23.47 ± 3.16 [pg/ml], [P = 0.251]).

The consumption of green tea supplements 90 min before aerobic exercise may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress factors and improve VO2 Max in summer.

With regular exercise, the heart undergoes structural and functional changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the right ventricular changes by echocardiography in military personnel participating in endurance or strength training.

This clinical trial was performed on 40 male military students at a military medical university in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Echocardiography was performed for all subjects at the baseline and clinical data were recorded and then the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. For one group endurance training and for the other group strength training was performed professionally for 10 weeks under the supervision of a sports coach. Echocardiography was performed for both groups after the end of the training and clinical data were recorded and changes were evaluated and analyzed.

Mean age and clinical data at baseline were not significantly different between the two groups. At the end of the study, after 10 weeks of exercise, a significant increase in RVAD and E/e 'was observed in either endurance or strength groups. The E/e', SWDT and Relative wall thickness showed a significant increase in the strength group compared to the endurance group. The exercise intervention decreased the RVAS in both groups, which was significant in endurance group. In SWDT and LV mass index, only significant increase was observed in endurance group. PAP only increased significantly in the strength group after exercise and was the only index that was in the abnormal range. In the other measured indices, there was no significant difference between endurance or strength groups before and after 10 weeks of exercise training.

The findings of the present study showed that both types of strength or endurance exercise have an impact on the functional status of the military heart, however, the strength exercise is more effective.

Musculoskeletal injuries are prevalent among active individuals, such as military personnel, which may lead to high health costs. The injuries, specifically in lower extremity joints, are mostly taking place during movements such as jumping. This study investigates the correlation between trunk muscle endurance and three-dimensional knee kinematics during jump-landing among military personnel.

Thirty commandoes (Mean±SD age: 29.45±4.76) participated in the study. The researchers performed McGill standardized testing battery (core muscle endurance tests). Our subjects underwent jump-landing maneuver and 3D motion analysis of knee joint kinematics. Then the investigators analyzed the obtained data using the Pearson correlation test (P<0.05). The main outcome measures were trunk muscles’ endurance and knee joint angles of flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal rotation-external rotation estimated using MATLAB scripts for three trials during peak angle of knee flexion just before the rebound. We also calculated the average value for the aforementioned motions from initial contact to the take-off phase.

The Pearson correlation test indicated a statistically significant correlation between the peak and average value of knee flexion angle and right (rpeak=0.511, raverage=0.505/ Ppeak=0.021, Paverage=0.023) and left (rpeak=0.486, raverage=0.445/ Ppeak=0.030, Paverage=0.049) side bridge tests. Moreover, we observed a significant negative correlation between average knee internal rotation and trunk flexors’ endurance test value (r=-0.496, P=0.026).

The trunk muscles provide knee stability in dynamic tasks. Particularly, strengthening abdominal and lateral muscles of the trunk high shown to decrease knee rotation and flexion, respectively, during landing from a jump. Consequently, the authorities should emphasize this fact while designing conditioning or rehabilitation programs.

Pistacia atlantica is one of the species of Anacardiaceae that grows in the wild in different regions of Iran. Traditionally, anacardiaceae family has antibacterial, fungicidal and cytotoxic properties. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties of Baneh gum. Cytotoxicity of the plant gum was determined using MTT assay on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The cellular makers of apoptosis (caspase3 and P53) and cell proliferation (Cyclin-D1) were evaluated by western blotting. Doxorubicin was used as anticancer control drug in combination treatment. The result showed that Baneh gum (100 µg/ml) significantly induced cell damage, activated caspase3 and increased P53 protein level. In addition, Cyclin-D1 was significantly decreased in gum-incubated cells. Furthermore, combination treatment of cells with Baneh gum (25 µg/ml) and doxorubicin (200 nM) produced a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to each drug alone. In conclusion, Baneh gum (100 µg/ml) has a potential pro-apoptotic/anti-proliferative property against human breast cancer cells and its combination with doxorubicin in low doses may induce cell death effectively and be a potent modality to treat this type of cancer.

One of the problems encountered by active population, especially military personnel, is high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries leading to lose work time and high expenses. These injuries occur due to so many reasons, some of which are considered to be modifiable. The aim of the present study was to investigate correlation between some anthropometrical characteristics, core muscle endurance, and dynamic postural stability.

Thirty commandoes (age of 29.45 ± 4.76) selected for this study and underwent assessments. Some anthropometrical indices (height, weight, BMI) have been measured. Then, McGill standardized testing battery (core muscle endurance tests) and dynamic postural stability test have been conducted. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test (P<.05).

Pearson correlation test showed no significant relationship between anthropometrical characteristics, core muscle endurance, and dynamic postural stability index. But significant and negative correlation have been found between some anthropometrical features (weight, BMI) and core muscle endurance tests (P<.05).

The findings of the present study showed that there are significant correlation between some anthropometrical features (weight, BMI) and McGill tests (plank, side plank). It means that higher weight and BMI, leads to worse McGill test scores. Therefore, weight control -especially among military personnel- is recommended in order to reduce core muscle weakness and prevent low back pain which is a relatively common problem.

Measurement and evaluation of physical activity and physical fitness are essential because without proper basic data, proper planning can’t be made to improve and promote physical fitness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of health and skill-related physical fitness of male students in a military center in order to manage the students' physical fitness.

In this descriptive cross sectional study, the population and the sample of the study were all male students in a military center in 2018 and 2019. After physical and medical examinations, those with a specific illness or problem were excluded from the study. Health and physical activity and medical history questionnaires were completed by the subjects. Then, anthropometric and physical-motor fitness tests were measured by the specialists of this field. The body composition, the muscular endurance of the trunk and the upper body, the flexibility, the cardiovascular endurance, agility and speed were measured.

Of the 581 scholarship male students in a military center, the mean of body mass index was 23.15 kg/m2, the body fat percentage was 13.19 percent, the muscular endurance of the trunk and the upper muscle endurance was 57 and 30 repetitions, respectively. Their flexibility was 36.87 cm, their aerobic fitness (VO2max) was 31.08 ml/kg/min, and their agility and speed were 11.52 and 9.21 seconds, respectively.

The body mass index of subjects was within the range of normal weight and the body fat percentage was moderate. The status of the muscular endurance of the trunk was good, but the muscular endurance of the upper trunk was very weak. Students' flexibility was normal, while cardio-respiratory endurance and agility were very weak.

It has been indicated that the acute exercise increases the thrombotic events that stem from platelet hyper-reactivity. The present randomized controlled trial study was carried out with the aim to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in terms of platelet indices and function in patients who had undergone post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). 30 men with a history of CABG were recruited and divided into 3 groups (MICE, HIIE-1, and HIIE-2). The MICE protocol consisted of running for 40 minutes with 65% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Subjects in HIIE-1 group performed an interval exercise with work to rest ratio of 1:1 in which 10 rounds of running (95% HRmax) were followed by active recovery (35% HRmax). HIIE-2 subjects performed an interval exercise with work to rest ratio of 2:1 in which 7 rounds of running (85% HRmax) were followed by active recovery (45% HRmax). Before and immediately after the exercise protocols, blood samples were taken from subjects and analyzed to measure the variables. Although platelet count (PLT) and hematocrit (HCT) were increased significantly after HIIE-1 and HIIE-2 in comparison to MICE (P < 0.050), the other platelet indices [mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT)] were not significantly changed among groups (P > 0.050). The platelet aggregation and fibrinogen were further increased after HIIE-1 and HIIE-2 as compared with MICE; however, such increment were significant between HIIE-2 and MICE (P < 0.050). It seems that HIIE, regardless of the type, has higher thrombotic potentials compared with MICE. Accordingly, MICE is safer than HIIE for rehabilitation in patients undergoing CABG.

Background:

 Low Back Pain (LBP) is a prevalent phenomenon in athletes and asymmetrical loading on the limbs has been proposed as a risk factor related to this disease.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the asymmetry of loading applied on the legs between men with and without LBP during gait.

A total of 40 participants, comprising 20 men with non-specific LBP who practiced martial arts and 20 men without LBP, participated in the study. The participants walked in gait lab and forces applied on the legs were recorded in three dimensions using a force plate. Also, asymmetry of the forces applied on the dominant and non-dominant limbs was measured.

The Asymmetry Indexes (ASI) of the first, second, and third peaks of vertical forces were respectively 3.1%, 3.4%, and 4.1% for normal participants and 4.2%, 4.2, and 2.1 for the participants who had LBP (p>0.05).

It can be concluded that martial arts athletes with LBP apply symmetrical loads on the lower extremities, similar to healthy people.

Musculoskeletal disorders related to work are one of the main causes of disability in the dentistry profession. Long term adoption of a repeated position, repetitive movements and inappropriate posture are risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and need to be addressed. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and inappropriate posture at the dentistry clinic of a military college
In this study, 66 dentists of the dental clinic affiliated with a military college were evaluated by REBA (a method for quick assessment of the body) and the Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire to assess the body while working. SPSS software version 18 were used to analyze the data.
This population study included 29 men and 37 women with a mean age of 40.83 years who had worked for an average of 14.56 years in the dentistry clinic. REBA score in 56.1% of dentists was in the high-risk range, 39.4% was in the medium-risk range and 4.5% were in the high-risk range.
Over the past 12 months, the most prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in different areas was observed in the neck (66%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the loss of ability to perform daily activities during the past 12 months and gender and reduced working time due to musculoskeletal discomfort (P≤0.05).
The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry clinic is high, particularly in the neck. In order to reduce problems, corrective actions should be taken as soon as possible.

Improving the quality of physical exercise and military tests is critical to improving the physical fitness of members of the military. The purpose of this study was to evaluation of Military Optimal Performance Challenge (MOPC) test in military students.
This research was a quasi-experimental study performed in 2017. The study population included 60 military students at a training center of Tehran, Iran (24 to 39 years) who were selected by cluster random sampling. The variables of weight (using the Seca scale, minimum clothing and accuracy of 0.1 kg), height (without shoes, in standard condition with accuracy of 0.1 cm by irreversible tape measure), heart rate and oxygen consumed were measured in subjects. Participants fully and properly performed the obstacles to 7's tests (4827 meter running, mobility for battle, Bench Press, Horizontal bar, Ankles to the Bar, Back Squat, Simulated Casualty Evacuation Test), and reliability was evaluated based on internal correlation test (Cronbach alpha). Analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.
The mean weights and heights of students was 81.90 kg and 174.56 cm, respectively and the means of oxygen consumption participants during test was 39.13 ml/kg/min. Also resting heart rate was reported between 61 to 115 beats per minute. Based on the inner correlation (Cronbach's alpha) between MOPC test items, the results showed the reliability of this test is highly acceptable (Cronbach's alpha 0.709). The Simulated Casualty Evacuation Test was significantly associated with four sub-tests (Bench press: P=0.0001and r= -0.473, pull-up: P=0.011 and r= -0.325, Squat: P=0.0001 and r= -0.485, ankles to the bar: P=0.0001 and r= -0.448).
According to accurate and complete of MOPC test package compared to other similar test, this test package as a standard model, has possibility to perform and implement to raise the level of military power.

Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common disorder associated with substantial morbidity. Different methods of rehabilitation are used to manage chronic myofascial neck pain.

The present study aims to assess the effects of dry needling (DN), manual therapy (MT) and Kinesio Taping® (KT) methods on the treatment of patients with chronic myofascial neck pain.

Thirty-nine individuals (mean ± standard deviation (SD): Age 35 ± 10.1 years; height 178.6 ± 7.5 cm; body mass 86.9 ± 7.7 kg) out of 57 patients (age range: 18 - 55 years) were included in the current single-blinded randomized clinical trial. The subjects were assigned into 3 groups (N = 13 subjects in each group) including DN, MT, and KT. Pain intensity, pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), neck disability index (NDI), and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) in different directions were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires and cervical goniometer at baseline and following 5 treatment sessions. Following the evaluation of the normal distribution of variables by Shapiro-Wilk test, the paired-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data.

Pain intensity and catasrophizing, neck disability, and CROM in all directions significantly improved following the 3 interventions (P < 0.05). The score changes in CROM for rotation to right and left in MT group were significantly greater than those of the other 2 groups (P < 0.001). Comparisons of changes in scores of other variables between the 3 groups revealed no significant differences (P > 0.05).

It is assumed that DN, MT, and KT can improve pain and neck disability and increase CROM in patients with myofascial CNP. The MT techniques are more effective in increasing CROM for rotation compared to the other 2 methods.

The consumption of caffeine supplements has increased among athletes. This supplement has anti-inflammatory effects and can improve athletic performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of this supplement on the inflammatory responses and performance of military students in hot environments.
After completing the consent and health forms, 15 healthy male military students participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of caffeine (n=8) and placebo (n=7). They consumed 6 mg/kg of body weight caffeine and maltodextrin as placebo 90 minutes before test. Subjects performed maximal aerobic exercises (20 meter Shuttle Run exhaustive Test) in hot temperatures (38 centigrade) in summer. At the end, the maximal oxygen consumption was calculated by a formula (Number of shuttles with beeps). In order to evaluate TNF-α and IL-1β, 5 cc blood samples were collected from the brachial vein before and after test.
The results showed that caffeine supplements significantly decreased TNF-α (caffeine group: 17.94±5.29, placebo group: 31.38±7.18) and increased VO2max (caffeine group: 41.73±2.86, placebo group: 34.88±1.30). At the same time, no significant differences was seen in IL-1β (caffeine group: 21.52±3.36, placebo group: 23.47±3.16) (P≤0.05).
It can be concluded that the consumption of caffeine supplements 90 minutes before exercise may decrease TNF-α and improve the performance in hot temperatures.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common movement disorder in children that is associated with life-long disability and multiple impairments. The clinical manifestations of CP vary among children. CP is accompanied by a wide range of problems and has a broad spectrum. Children with CP demonstrate poor fine and dross motor function due to psychomotor disturbances. Early rehabilitation programs are essential for children with CP and should be appropriate for the age and functional condition of the patients. Kinesio taping (KT) technique is a relatively new technique applied in rehabilitation programs of CP. This article reviews the effects of KT techniques on improving motor skills in children with CP. In this study, we used keywords "cerebral palsy, Kinesio Tape, KT and Taping" in the national and international electronic databases between 1999 and 2016. Out of the 43 articles obtained, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. There are several different applications about KT technique in children with CP. Review of the literature demonstrated that the impact of this technique on gross and fine motor function and dynamic activities is more effective than postural and static activities. Also this technique has more effectiveness in the child at higher developmental and motor stages. The majority of consistent findings showed that KT technique as part of a multimodal therapy program can be effective in the rehabilitation of children with CP to improve motor function and dynamic activities especially in higher developmental and motor stages.

The effect of exercise training on Thyroid hormone secretion is a controversial topic. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of selected aerobic training on thyroxin (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol hormone levels in athlete and non-athlete women after exhaustive exercise sessions was performed.
In a quasi-experimental study with pre and post, among the female volunteers, 20 women whom of which qualified were randomly selected and divided into two athlete (n=10) and non-athlete (n=10) groups. Subjects of both groups did exhaustive exercise (Bruce test) before and after eight weeks of progressive aerobic training (increasing running and climbing stairs with 45 to 85% of maximum heart rate and 3 times in a week). Blood samples were collected immediately after each session of exhaustive exercise and analyzed with a specific kit of the hormone and radio-immunoassay method. In order to compare the means, the paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test was performed.
Results indicated that following eight weeks of aerobic training in the athletes group, the T3 (P=0.01) and T4 (P=0.002) hormones’ levels in response to exhaustive activity significantly increased but these changes were not significant in non-athletes. On the other hand, the amounts of cortisol in response to this activity significantly decreased in both groups (P =0.04).
Overall, results showed that regular aerobic exercise training can adjust cortisol response to physical stress in female athletes and non-athletes. This is while no considerable effect was seen on thyroid hormone levels T3 and T4.

Conservative rehabilitation methods are assumed as a fundamental part of treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study was aimed to investigate the influence of Kinesio Taping® (KT®) and low level laser therapy (LT) on pain intensity, function, and knee joint position sense (JPS) in such patients.
In this quasi-experimental study, 26 male patients (Mean ± SD of age: 48.5 ± 4.6 years) with unilateral knee OA were randomly divided into two groups of KT® (N=13) and LT (N=13). Both groups followed their own specific therapeutic protocol in addition to routine physiotherapy program for 10 sessions. The outcome measurements included pain intensity, function, and knee JPS; which were evaluated using visual analogue scale, Up and Go test, and reproduction of target angle at baseline and after completing the interventions; respectively.
Both methods can significantly improve pain intensity, reduce the time to perform Up and Go test, and reduce the angle reproduction error of 60º knee flexion (P0.05).
KT® and low level laser can improve pain, knee JPS, and function in patients suffered from knee OA. However, the effect of KT® on knee JPS is more than laser therapy.