فهرست مطالب vida rahimi

Self-efficacy holds significant motivational effects. Individuals with high self-efficacy demonstrate better adaptation and engage in activities that enhance their performance and capabilities. This study aimed to determine the correlation between self-efficacy and academic enthusiasm among operating room technology students in Khuzestan Province.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted in 2021 on 225 operating room technology students using stratified sampling. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires including the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES) and the Academic Enthusiasm Questionnaire developed by Fredriks. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 19 and descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

Based on the results, the mean scores for self-efficacy (105.05) and academic enthusiasm (46.28) among operating room technology students were above average. A significant positive correlation was found between self-efficacy and the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions of academic enthusiasm in all academic years except the fourth year (P < 0.05). Results by city indicated that the highest self-efficacy belonged to students from Abadan University of Medical Sciences, followed by Shushtar, Ahvaz, Behbahan, and Dezful. Additionally, the highest academic enthusiasm was reported among students from Dezful, Ahvaz, Shushtar, Abadan, and Behbahan.

Given that the self-efficacy and academic enthusiasm scores of operating room technology students are above average, it is recommended that relevant authorities develop practical plans to further enhance self-efficacy and academic enthusiasm with the aim of strengthening self-efficacy skills and addressing factors leading to decreased academic motivation.

Aging causes progressive degenerative changes in many organs, particularly the auditory system. Several attempts have been conducted to investigate preventive and therapeutic strategy/strategies for age-related auditory dysfunction, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle through good nutrition, lower anxiety levels, and noise exposure, different pharmacological approaches, gene and cell therapy, and other strategies. However, it is not clear which approach is the best to slow down these dysfunctions because several different underlying mechanistic pathways are associated with presbycusis which eventually leads to different types of this disease. A combination of several methods is probably required, whereas the effectiveness for some people needs to be monitored. The effectiveness of treatments will not be the same for all; therefore, we may need to have a unique and personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of ARHL for each person. In addition, each method needs to specify what type of presbycusis can prevent or treat and provide complete information about the extent, duration of treatment, persistency of treatment, side effects, and whether the approach is for treatment or prevention or even both. This paper reviews the updated literature, which targets current interventions for age-related hearing loss.

Operating room students are very similar in terms of  learning abilities and talents, but there is a significant difference in their academic progress during the academic year, which can reflect the difference in their academic motivation. Considering the importance of the motivation for progress, the learning-learning process, the planning and implementation of educational programs, the present study aims to "investigate the relationship of academic motivation with the expectations and outcomes of undergraduate students operating room operative in Khuzestan province ".

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 225 students of operating rooms of universities in different cities of Khuzestan province and using stratified sampling method. Then the demographic information form, the academic motivation questionnaire and the students' outcomes-expectations questionnaire were completed by the students. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.

The results showed that 83.6% of the students had a very good motivation, 15.6% had moderate motivation and 9.9% had moderate motivation. Percentage was poorly motivated. The mean and standard deviation of academic motivation score in all students were 135.62 ± 25.15, respectively. Finally, the relationship between all the sub-scales of academic motivation and the outcome of the outcome between Khuzestan operating room students in all academic years is significant.

Considering the significant relationship between academic motivation and expectation-outcome among students in operating room of Khuzestan province in general, motivational factors affect academic achievement. Obviously, educational systems should increase their efforts to promote students' academic motivation, education, and related components - inclusive, learner, environment and educational facilities.

Antiviral drugs have been extensively used as a potential treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on previous studies, there were concerns about some of these drugs’ ototoxic and vestibulotoxic effects. Still, these concerns were exacerbated by the widespread use of these drugs at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this article was done to comprehensively review the effects of ototoxicity and vestibulotoxicity of chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and remdesivir with different administration models and compare with the COVID-19 treatment guidelines in the world and Iran.

This study collected the related published studies in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science with the main keywords “chloroquine”, “hydroxychloroquine”, “remdesivir”, “ototoxicity”, “vestibulotoxicity”, and “COVID-19”.

The dose or duration of used HCQ/CQ drugs that caused ototoxic or vestibulotoxic effects in some diseases was reported mainly more than in COVID-19 guidelines, especially in Iran. These findings align with a recent study on slight HCQ-induced ototoxicity in patients with COVID-19 at low doses and short lengths of use. No evidence of possible cochlear damage after taking remdesivir is reported.

It seems that the concern about the ototoxic effects of some drugs used in the COVID-19 pandemic should be according to some factors that affect the pharmacological effects of drugs, such as dose, length of use, and co-administration of drugs. Therefore, lower dosage and length of use in some administration models in COVID-19 treatment, such as Iran, are associated with limited and reversible ototoxicity effects. However, further studies are needed.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sudden sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular neuritis, and infection with COVID-19.

In this study, a total of 56 Iranians (32 females and 24 males) with a Mean±SD age of 45.12±14 years were studied in Tehran City, Iran. Individuals diagnosed with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) or vestibular neuritis based on definitive diagnostic criteria were included in the study. The methodology comprised four sections of underlying Sudden Hearing Loss,, auditory and vestibular inspection, SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test, and statistical analysis. Also, the videonystagmography test was used in participants with vertigo to diagnose vestibular neuritis. Pure tone audiometry confirmed SSNHL in some patients with a complaint of hearing loss. Furthermore, tuning fork, Rinne and Weber tests were also performed.

The results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in 56 subjects showed that eight subjects (22.2%) with vestibular neuritis and two with SSNHL (10%) had a positive RT-PCR test. The Chi-square and Fisher exact-tests with a 95% confidence interval revealed no statistically significant (P>0.05) relationship between COVID-19 infection and vestibular neuritis or SSNHL.

The present study showed no statistically significant relationship between audiovestibular disorders and positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. However, the possibility of this relationship cannot be ruled out, and there is a need for studies with larger sample sizes.

Bilingualism and multilingualism are on the rise in many parts of the world. Learning and using other languages, in addition to the expected impact on language domains, can affect non-linguistic fields such as attention, working memory, cognitive control, and auditory processing. The objective of this study was a comprehensive review of the bilingual advantage and disadvantages with emphasis on its effect on the cognitive process and its relationship with auditory processing.

A total of 133 articles were initially found in this field. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the review, 84 related articles were entered into this study. Then we searched articles published 2005-2020 in Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Keyword and MeSH terms were used in the search process: “bilingualism”, “cognitive process”, “auditory process”, and “auditory attention”. 

Studies showed that bilingualism not only has advantages in the linguistic domain but also affects the cognitive domain, especially auditory attention, auditory memory capacity, and inhibitory control. Also, it has a protective effect against cognitive decline in aging. Structural changes in the brain in bilinguals support these effects. Most studies reported that enhanced attentional requests of bilingual exchange amplify connectivity among cognitive functions like attentional rein and auditory processing. These effects create more constancy in the auditory evoked response in bilinguals.

Learning foreign languages could provoke the autonomic sound processing capability of the auditory organ and make it highly efficient in challenging listening conditions. It also affects other cognitive processes such as auditory memory. However, a comprehensive framework for this relationship is still unknown, and further research is needed, especially to support neurophysiological evidence.

The inadequate level of pharmaceutical knowledge of nursing students carries the risk of medication errors, and this is one of the main concerns of clinical educators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of targeted and game-based pharmacology education on pharmacology scores of nursing students.

This quasi-experimental interventional study was conducted through the census method on third-semester nursing students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019. The intervention included teaching clinical pharmacology in the form of game during an internship course (including 10 sessions). The first to third sessions included holding the pharmacology theoretical class, the fourth to ninth sessions included playing game, theoretical classes, and clinical practice, and the tenth session included a station review program and a competitive pharmaceutical data pool program. The pharmacology exam was given before and after the intervention. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSS software version 18.

There were 77 students until the end of the study, of whom 42 were female and 35 were male. Their mean age was 21±2 years, the total average of students was 15.57±3.81 with a mean pharmacology score of 14.74±3.42. According to the test results, the pre-test mean score was 26.06±5.83 and the post-test mean score was 31.58±4.02, which indicated a significant difference between before and after the intervention (P<0.001).

This purposeful educational program increased the level of pharmacology scores of nursing students and can be used as a suitable method to improve studentschr('39') knowledge and understanding of pharmacology.

The majority of the daily life activities involve the concurrent performance of simultaneously challenging motor and cognitive activities, such as talking while walking, which requires the vestibular system for balance. Functional balance allows the brain to interpret and integrate the sensory information from our physical and social environment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive activities on the vestibular system function.  

This study investigated the otolith system as a sensory organ that is responsible for linear acceleration by recording ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) in 28 healthy participants (11 males and 17 females) with the age range of 18-26 years under a cognitive condition. The rest and intervention states were compared in terms of oVEMP n1-p1 amplitude, n1-p1 latencies, and gender.  

The results showed that the oVEMP n1-p1 amplitude in both ears significantly decreased, and the asymmetry increased after cognitive tasks, compared to the rest state in females (P≤0.02). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the rest state and numeric subtraction task in terms of oVEMP n1-p1 latencies in males and females (P>0.05).  

These results suggest that an augmented cognitive load causes an alteration in the oVEMPs; therefore, it is suggested that the structures associated with the cognitive processing are connected with the vestibular system in the brain. These findings demonstrate the importance of non-vestibular factors in balance, especially in females.

 Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis diseases that can be seen in many developing countries, including Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in Isfahan province. This is a cross-sectional study in which all newly reported cases of brucellosis in Isfahan city in 2016 were studied. Sampling was done through numerical method. The statistical tests used in this study were one-way ANOVA and two-sample T-test. The incidence rate of brucellosis in Isfahan province in 2016 was 19.78 per 100,000. Majority of cases (590, 67.8%) were men with a mean age of 31.62 ± 20.04 years old and 32.2% (280 cases) were women with a mean age of 33.35 ± 20.26 years old. Friedan had the highest incidence rate of brucellosis (204.47 per 100,000) while Isfahan had the lowest incidence rate (1.81 per 100,000). There was a significant relationship between occupational variables (P = 0.001), history of contact with the livestock (P = 0.0001), non-pasteurized dairy consumption (P = 0.0001), and the incidence of the disease (P = 0.003) in urban and rural areas. The incidence rate of brucellosis in Isfahan is classified as a very low. The disease is more common in rural areas than in urban areas. Therefore, educational, preventive and therapeutic measures in rural areas, particularly in those involved with animal husbandry and homemaking, have priority over urban areas.

Aspergillus flavus is a toxic contaminant in foods, which can induce mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects. In last decades, synthetic fungicides have been used for inhibition of fungal growth in plants. The public attention was also attracted to contamination of food chain by these chemicals. Therefore, in the current study, we decided to use Zataria multiflora (ZM) essential oil to inhibit the Aspergillus flavus growth. The essential oil from ZM was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of ZM essential oil were determined at different concentrations (0-1000 ppm). In this study, Carvacrol (33.45%) and Thymol (34.44%) were the most frequent compounds of the ZM essential oil. The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were 100 and 400 ppm, respectively. The presence of phenolic compounds such as Thymol and Carvacrol, as the major components of ZM essential oil inhibits the Aspergillus flavus growth. Furthermore, this essential oil has a very strong anti-bacterial effect. Considering these results, it seems that ZM essential oil is potentially an appropriate natural alternative for controlling Aspergillus flavus fungus.

Introduction and Elder abuse is a type of family violence that has recently been recognized as an extensive and growing social dilemma. Therefore, this study aims to identify elder abuse and its related factors within the families.
This descriptive-cross sectional study used convenience sampling method to collect 251 elderly admitted to surgery and internal wards in Abadan city. Data were collected using “misbehavior to elderly in family” questionnaire via face to face interviews. Data analysis was done by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Spearman correlation coefficients.
Findings: Findings from the current study showed that the highest type of abuse was care negligence (62.8%) followed by authority deprival (48.6%) psychological misbehavior (41%), financial abuse (36.7%), financial negligence (36.5% ), emotional negligence (36%), physical misbehavior (27.4%) and lastly ostracism (25.6 %). There was a significant relationship between care negligence and age. Psychological misbehavior was significantly associated with number of children. In addition, physical negligence was significantly associated with age and income. However, there was a significant relationship between financial misbehavior and marriage status.
Financial negligence and authority deprival are the most frequent type of misbehavior among elderly. Factors related to misbehavior in the elderly are age, marital status, number of children and income. Cooperation and participation of all related organizations are necessary to mitigate misbehavior with elderly within the family.

The biological effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are determined by their mutual interactions. This interaction extremely affects various functions. Lower consumption of omega-3 during gestation leads to various disorders, even in hearing. We aimed to assess the effect of low omega-3/omega-6 ratios on auditory nerve conduction. In this experimental study, the auditory brainstem response test was performed on 24-day-old rat (n=14). The rats were divided into case (low omega-3/omega-6 ratio during gestation and lactation) and control groups. Variables such as P1, P3, and P4 absolute latency period, interpeaks (P3-P4, P1-P3, and P1-P4), and P4/P1 amplitude ratio were measured. We found an increased P4 omega-3/omega-6 ratio in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.01). No significant difference was observed in the P1 and P3 absolute latency period between the studied groups (P>0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to the P1-P3 interpeak latency (IPL) periods (P>0.05); while the P1-P4 and P3-P4 IPLs were significantly increased in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.05). The P4/P1 amplitude ratio significantly decreased in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.05). Results confirmed the negative effects of low omega-3/omega-6 ratio on the auditory system and hearing.

Omega 3 of essential fatty acids, especially in fish oil form plays an important role in structural, functional, and biological aspects in body. Omega 3 deficiency can have devastating effects on the nervous system and auditory. This study aimed to evaluate auditory threshold in n-3 fatty acid-deficient rat pups following supplementation of fish oil consumption during the suckling period. One sources of omega 3 fatty acid were fed to rat pups of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-deficient dams to compare auditory thresholds in 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 kHz by auditory brainstem response (ABR) among this group, those with defects with placebo, and control groups. The pups'' in supplement group were orally fed 5 mol/g weight of fish oil between the ages of 5 and 21 days. Results showed significant differences in auditory threshold estimation in 2,4,8,12 and 16 kHz in ABR between study groups. The group with n-3 PUFA deficient with placebo showed a significant increase of the parameters indicated as p<0.05. Moreover a lower threshold (better) in n-3 PUFA deficient with the fish oil in comparison with n-3 PUFA deficient with placebo (p<0.05). The result of study showed effect of omega 3 deficiency on auditory during pregnancy and lactation period and compensation neural auditory threshold in n-3 fatty acid-deficient rat pups following a supplementation of fish oil consumption during the suckling period.

Omega 3 fatty acid especially in the form of fish oil, has structural and biological role in the body''s various systems especially nervous system. Numerous studies have tried to research about it. Auditory is one of the affected systems. Omega 3 deficiency can have devastating effects on the nervous system and auditory. This study aimed to evaluate neural conduction in n-3 fatty acid-deficient rat pups following the supplementation of fish oil consumption during the suckling period In this interventional and experimental study, one sources of omega3 fatty acid (fish oil) were fed to rat pups of n-3 PUFA-deficient dams to compare changes in their auditory neural conduction with that of control and n-3 PUFA-deficient groups, using Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR). The parameters of interest were P1, P3, P4 absolute latency, P1-P3, P1-P4 and P3-P4 IPL, P4/P1 amplitude ratio. The rat pups were given oral fish oil, 5 Ml /g weight for 17 days, between the age of 5 and 21 days. There were no significant group differences in P1 and P3 absolute latency (p > 0.05). but the result in P4 was significant(P ≤ 0.05). The n-3 PUFA deficient +vehicle had the most prolonged (the worst) P1-P4 IPL and P3-P4 IPL compared with control and n-3 PUFA deficient + FO groups. There was no significant difference in P1-P4 IPL and P3-P4 IPL between n-3 PUFA deficient + FO and control groups (p > 0.05).There was a significant effect of diet on P1-P4 IPL and P3-P4 IPL between groups (P ≤ 0.05). The results of present study showed the effect of omega3 deficiency on auditory neural structure during pregnancy and lactation period. Additionally, we observed the reduced devastating effects on neural conduction in n-3 fatty acid-deficient rat pups following the supplementation of fish oil during the suckling period

One of the non-pathological factors affect otoacoustic emissions is body position. In the present study، the effect of side-lying position on evoked otoacoustic emission properties and related existing assumptions were investigated.

The cross-sectional study was performed on 42 adults aged 18-25 years. The results of Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) test were recorded and analyzed in sitting، supine، and side-lying (Ipsi and Contra) positions to compare the total response level، whole wave reproducibility، signal to noise ratio in frequencies of 1 to 5 KHz، and the lasting time of the test.

Changing of the body position had a significant effect on total response level، whole wave reproducibility، and lasting time of the test (p<0. 010) while this effect on signal to noise ratio was just found at 1 KHz (p<0. 001). The highest total response level and lowest lasting time of the test values were observed in side-lying (contra) position (p<0. 050).

Side-lying position (contra) is the best position for the TEOAEs test. The results of this study partly confirm intracranial pressure change hypothesis that intracochlear fluid pressure increase in the auditory system; although there are contradictions in this field.

Omega-3 fatty acid have structural and biological roles in the body ''s various systems. Numerous studies have tried to research about it. Auditory system is affected a s well. The aim of this article was to review the researches about the effect of omega-3 on auditory system. We searched Medline، Google Scholar، PubMed، Cochrane Library and SID search engines with the «auditory» and «omega-3» keywords and read textbooks about this subject between 19 70 and 20 13. Both excess and deficient amounts of dietary omega-3 fatty acid can cause harmful effects on fetal and infant growth and development of brain and central nervous system esspesially auditory system. It is important to determine the adequate dosage of omega-3.

The aim of this study was to evaluate enteral feeding solutions used in trauma patients in terms of their nutritional quality and microbial contamination. Enteral feeding solutions prepared in the hospital were collected during 3 months. Microbial counts of solutions and macronutrient contents were evaluated and compared with food tables. One sample t test was used for comparing data with the predicted values. Energy and protein contents of 27 enteral feeding solutions prepared in different days were in range of 26.04-87.25 kcal and 1.33-8.44 g/100 ml, respectively; their mean values were 59.23 ± 2.5 and 4.46 ±0.3 respectively. There was a significant difference between laboratory results and predicted values based on food tables. Coloni count of aerobic and coliform, 4 h after preparation of 22 solutions, were reported to be 2×106 ± 2.9×105 and 8.9×105 ± 6.8×105 CFU / g respectively and were much higher than FDA permitted value. ‍ The results showed that the real energy of solutions was less than the predicted values, so the energy intake of the patients is affected. In addition, these solutions had higher bacterial contamination than the allowed amount.