فهرست مطالب zahra alavi

Sustainability literature has wide and varied themes, one of the most significant of which is martyrdom. Martyr and martyrdom is a category that is mentioned in most of the holy battles, and many poets speak of the arena of resistance against them. In the religion of Islam, this issue is also given great importance, and Islam does not consider those who sacrifice and lose their lives alive in the way of God. Rather, they are the living who rest in the presence of their God. Commemorating and honoring the martyrs of the country who sacrificed their lives to protect the country and religion is also one of the themes of the poetry of Bisandari.This research aims at a comparative study of the concept of martyr and martyrdom in the poems of Iranian and Arab poets. The results of the research show that Iranian and Arab contemporary revolutionary poets have greatly benefited from this concept in their poems, and their poems contain themes related to the martyr and martyrdom, including: praising the status of a martyr, avenging the blood of a martyr, writing a eulogy for him. and the use of symbols.

Researchers have found severe marital conflicts to be related to lower health and various diseases such as cancer, cardio, and chronic pains and concluded that marital maladjustment can bring about psychological and physical vulnerabilities among couples. The main focus of Johnson’s Model of Couple’s Enrichment Training Program is on understanding love, needs, and emotions, examining and controlling couples’ negative patterns, and developing positive, loving bonds. The current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Johnson model couple’s enrichment training program on attachment behaviors and sexual dissatisfaction in maladapted couples referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz. The research design was experimental with pre-test-post-test-follow-up and control group. The research population was all maladjusted couples who were referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz among whom 30 couples were recruited using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 couples in each group). The experimental group received 8 120-minute long sessions of enriching the relationships of Johnson couples. The instruments for collecting the data were the Scale of Couples 'Attachment Behaviours (Sandberg et al, 2012) and the Women's Sexual Satisfaction Scale (Meston, Trapnell, 2005). Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of attachment behaviors (accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement) and sexual dissatisfaction. This effectiveness was continuing in the 3-month follow-up. The Johnson Model Couple Enrichment (HMT) training program improves access to and reprocessing of core emotional responses in couples' interactions.

In order to study the taxonomy of Pyrenophora species in Iran, infected Poaceae specimens were obtained from West Azerbaijan province during the years 2018–21. Twenty specimens of Pyrenophora were isolated from Poaceae. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular data [the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) region and GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene], three species of Pyrenophora viz. eight isolates of P. chaetomioides on Avena sativa, four isolates of P. catenaria on Poa sp., and eight isolates of P. semeniperda on Hordeum vulgare were identified. In the present paper, Pyrenophora chaetomioides and P. catenaria are introduced as new records for the funga of Iran. Full descriptions and illustrations as well as the economic significance and host range of new species are provided.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on lumbar lordosis angle, pain, functional disability and quality of life of nulliparous women.

The current research is semi-experimental. The research sample consisted of 32 nulliparous women who were randomly divided into 2 groups of 16 people for core stability exercises and control. In the pre-test phase, pain, lumbar lordosis angle, functional disability and quality of life of the subjects were measured respectively by Quebec back pain questionnaire, flexible ruler, Oswestry functional disability questionnaire and SF36 health questionnaire. After completing the pre-test phase, the subjects of the training group started doing core stability exercises. The exercises were done in 8 weeks, three sessions a week and 45 and 60 minutes per session. After the completion of exercises, all the measurements of the pre-test stage were done again in the post-test stage. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare inter-group and intra-group differences.

The results of the research showed that the variables of pain, quality of life and functional disability of subjects improved significantly after 8 weeks of core stability exercises (P≤0.05); While there was no significant change in the lumbar lordosis angle of any of the control and training groups after 8 weeks (P≥0.05).

Core stability exercises by creating lumbo-pelvic-hip stability improves back pain, increases the functional capacities of the body and improves the quality of a person's life. However, it is better to use this training method along with other corrective exercises in order to correct the complication of lumbar lordosis in pregnant mothers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment on the social skills of students with anxiety disorders and the self-efficacy of their mothers. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with one-month and three-month follow-up, which was practical in purpose. The statistical population included all female students aged 8 to 10 years in the academic year 2020-2021 in Tehran and their mothers. Using the available sampling method, 30 anxious schoolgirls were identified and randomly divided into two groups (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group). The instrument used in this study was Gresham and Elliott’s Social Skills Questionnaire (SSRS), Spence Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire (SCAS), Teacher Report Form (TRF), and Dumka Patents Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSAM), which were completed by the students and mothers before and after the intervention, and after the follow-ups. Then, the experimental group participated in the intervention for 15 sessions of 60 minutes each. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment had a significant effect on improving social skills, reducing children's behavior problems, and increasing mothers’ self-efficacy. It appears that the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment can be used as a means to improve students’ social skills and their mothers’ self-efficacy.

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment on emotion regulation in anxious pupils and parenting methods of their mothers. This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design, control group and two follow-up stages.The statistical population included all girl pupils aged 8 to10 years in the academic year 1399-1400 in Tehran and their mothers.Using purposeful sampling method,30anxious pupils were identified and randomly divided into two groups of 15(control and experimental).The instruments included Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents and Arjmandnia Parenting Methods Questionnaire. The experimental group received 15 sessions, 60minutes of group intervention, But the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed by ANOVA with repeated-measures. The results showed that the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment had a significant effect on reducing the use of suppression strategy and increasing the use of reappraisal strategy in pupils’ emotion regulation skill and improve parenting method of their mothers. It seems that the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment can be used as a short-term method to improve the emotion regulation skill of anxious pupils and parenting methods of their mothers.

This study aimed to improve the symptoms of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), relationships between parents and children, and marital satisfaction using the family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

This was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research. The statistical population was all of the 9- to 12-year-old school students suffering from OCD who had consulted the Psychological and Consultation Services Center during academic year 2015-2016 in the city of Tehran. A sample of 28 students selected randomly were assigned to an experimental and a control group. The following questionnaires were completed initially (pre-test) and finally (post-test): 1. Questionnaires completed by the mothers of the children: the Spence Anxiety Scale-Parent Form, the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire and the Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (short form); 2. The questionnaires completed by the children: the Spence Childrenchr('39')s Anxiety Scale. The intervention program was designed based on CBT and included 22 sessions, eight group sessions for mothers, eight individual play therapy sessions for children, and two specific sessions for each family.

Data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in improving marital satisfaction and parent-child interaction as well as reducing child anxiety (p <0.01).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention may lead to improved relationship between parents and children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and marital satisfaction, as well as reduced anxiety of these children and their parents.

One of the main issues in the field of social sciences and especially in sociology is the discussion of the incidence of urban crime, especially in the suburbs. Factors such as psychological, social, biological and environmental factors play a role in causing such crimes. Among social and psychological factors, relative deprivation is one of the variables that is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of relative deprivation in crime in the suburbs of Bushehr.

This research is an applied research in terms of purpose. It is also in the category of correlational research in terms of nature and method, and because it is done in a certain time interval, it is cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the present study includes 50,000 people who live in the suburbs of Bushehr.

The results of the present study showed a positive and significant relationship between relative deprivation and crime in the suburbs of Bushehr. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of relative deprivation and crime in the suburbs of Bushehr. The results of regression analysis showed that all dimensions of relative deprivation have a significant effect on the incidence of crime. Based on the calculated beta level, the residence dimension with the beta rate (0.385) had the highest share in crimes and the insecurity dimension had the lowest effect in urban crimes

Separation anxiety is a kind of disorder that has a direct relationship with parenting style. Family based intervention and play therapy is a comprehensive program including training sessions for parents which focus on improving interpersonal relationships, establishing a healthy and positive interaction in the family, controlling family anger, investigating communication barriers in marital relationships, educating children and providing play therapy for children. Objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of family based intervention and play therapy in parenting style and stress of mothers and clinical symptoms of children with separation anxiety disorder. Present research is a semi-experimental study in which there were two groups of 14 subjects along with pre-test and post-test. Statistical population of the present study included all clients of a counseling centers in Tehran city who has been diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder. Therefore, to select some samples, availability sampling method was used. Analysis of the research data with multivariate covariance analysis method showed that there was a significant difference between the parenting style and stress of mothers and clinical symptoms of children with separation anxiety disorder in both experimental and control group. This intervention had a significant effect on the parenting style of mothers and the reduction of parenting stress and it also reduced clinical symptoms in children with separation anxiety disorder.

Professional ethics culture should be taught to students appropriately. Studies have shown that midwifery students are not entirely familiar with the skill of obtaining informed consent. Using a new and applicable model to teach this skill to midwifery students is necessary. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a new standard model, PREPARED, on the skill of obtaining informed consent in midwifery students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.
This interventional study was conducted on 37 5th semester midwifery students through a census method. After determining psychometric indices, in two phases with a 4‑week interval (before and after the training), the PREPARED checklist was completed by the professors of the research team in the presence of students in the delivery room while they were performing midwifery care considering their compliance to the checklist. Descriptive statistics paired t‑test were used for data analysis.
The lowest mean score before the training belonged to alternative methods (1.00) and treatment expenses (1.00). After the training, treatment plan had the highest mean score (3.54 (0.69)). The mean and standard deviation of scores before and after training the students were 9.12 (2.00) and 30.6824 (5.25), respectively. Based on the results of the paired t‑test (P = 0.001), the difference was statistically significant.
Results showed that the implementation of the new model of PREPARED would increase the skill of obtaining informed consent in midwifery students and could be applied for educating students of other medical majors in Iran.

Algae are important aspects that can be extremely numerous applications in pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, medical uses and also used in wastewater treatment. In this study total phenolic and flavonoid contents of two types of green algae was performed by spectrophotometic and high performance liquid chromatography methods. In this study, Cladophora glomerata was collected from Caspian coast and estuaries of the Babolrood river and Spirogyra rivularis were collected from a pond adjacent rice paddies and livestock. Then extracted with acidified methanol produced a total phenolic compounds spectrophotometric method and HPLC method was used for the analysis of flavonoids in plants. Study of methanol extracts of four different regions of Cladophora and Spirogyra showed the greatest amount of phenolic compounds gallic acid according to Spirogyra algae in ponds and rice fields most of the flavonoid quercetin in terms of Cladophora algae in the estuary. According to the standard chromatogram retention time gallic acid (2.383), coumaric acid (3.817) and quercetin (7.217) was observed. So most of the time to prevent the inhibition of quercetin and gallic acid is less time. The two types of green algae rich in phenolic compounds and also have high antioxidant property so it can be used as a plant source of antioxidant compounds that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Background and Aggressive behavior stems from feelings of frustration, annoying provide stimulus to another, and the inability to control anger is to defend, wars and destruction carried and cause injury to a person, object or system. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress and parenting satisfaction parity with mothers of children with aggressive style.
The study sample consisted of all mothers of aggressive students in grades one through six elementary schools in Tehran. 110 mothers of children in the evaluation of Child Behavior Checklist aggression scores were high (clinical and borderline levels), satisfaction surveys parity, style Parenting and parenting stress were completed. Data using SPSS software and analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
Results of statistical analysis showed that variables related to authoritarian parenting satisfaction parity is negative (P0.05 r = -0.02), and The only authoritative style of parenting styles and the satisfaction of parity prediction is that this reflects the importance of parity in the way of parenting is satisfying (P=0.03).
When you have problems in the family system roles, responsibilities and parenting practices are reviewed prior to performing a reorganization.