zahra eftekhar saadi

To comprehend the complex interplay between autism symptoms, family well-being, and maternal coping abilities, it is essential to delve into the relationship between these factors. This study aimed to investigate how maternal resilience influences the connection between the severity of autism symptoms and the overall quality of life (QoL) for families with autistic children. A cross-sectional correlational study was designed to investigate the correlation between variables. The study population consisted of mothers of autistic children aged 4 to 12 years residing in Mashhad, Iran. A convenience sample of 372 mothers was recruited from rehabilitation, educational, and therapeutic centers catering to autistic individuals in Mashhad, Iran between January and March 2023. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and SEM were used, with the aid of SPSS and Amos 24. The mean score for the severity of autism symptoms was 160.26 (±11.66). The mean resilience score was 49.98 (±6.55). Also, the mean score for family QoL was 75.33 (±9.81). The results showed significant direct relationships among the severity of autism symptoms, family QoL, autism symptoms, and maternal resilience in mothers of autistic children (P=0.001). Additionally, the study demonstrated that maternal resilience played a significant mediating role in the connection between autism symptoms and family QoL (P=0.001). The study uncovered a negative connection between the severity of autism symptoms and family QoL, suggesting that more pronounced symptoms can negatively impact family well-being. Additionally, the study found a positive link between maternal resilience and family QoL, indicating that fostering resilience in mothers of autistic children can enhance family dynamics.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exerts significant impacts on family life. Elevated levels of anxiety, stress, isolation, and uncertainty among parents and family members of children with ASD are common consequences. 

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of parental self-efficacy in the relationship between social loneliness and family quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with ASD in Mashhad, Iran.

This cross-sectional study employed structural equation modeling. The population consisted of all mothers with children aged 4 to 12 years with ASD in Mashhad in 2023. A convenience sample of 372 mothers was selected from rehabilitation, educational, and therapeutic centers for autism in the city. Data were collected using the family QoL scale, the UCLA loneliness scale (ULS), and the parenting self-agency measure (PSAM) scale. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were conducted using SPSS and AMOS software, version 24.

Results indicated significant correlations between social loneliness and family QoL (r=-0.53, P<0.001), social loneliness and parental self-efficacy (r=-0.60, P<0.001), and parental self-efficacy and family QoL (r=0.48, P<0.001) among mothers of children with ASD. The relationship between social loneliness and family QoL was significantly mediated by parental self-efficacy (P<0.001).

The findings suggest that parental self-efficacy plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of social loneliness on family QoL among mothers of children with ASD. The results underscore the importance of considering both social loneliness and parental self-efficacy when designing interventions to support families of children with ASD.

 The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Imago therapy-based couples therapy on improving communication skills, conflict resolution, and sensitivity to rejection among couples attending counseling centers in Masjed Soleyman.

 This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pre-test, post-test, control group design, and follow-up. The population of this study included all couples visiting counseling centers in Masjed Soleyman in 2019, with twenty couples (40 individuals) randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 couples per group). Participants in the experimental group underwent ten two-hour training sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. Participants were assessed using the Quinndom Communication Skills questionnaire, the Sanayi Zaker et al.'s Standard Sensitivity to Rejection, and the Downey and Feldman Marital Conflict questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance via SPSS software version 22.

 The results showed that training based on Imago therapy significantly altered the experimental group's communication skills, conflict resolution, and sensitivity to rejection compared to the control group.

 Based on the findings of this study, Imago therapy training can be considered an effective method for improving communication skills, conflict resolution, and sensitivity to rejection among couples.

Spirituality in the workplace is the individual’s perception of their workplace enabling them to find their goal in life, establish a relationship with their colleagues and other individuals related to their work, and align their beliefs with the organization they work for. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the quality of work life (QWL) with organizational intelligence and workplace spirituality among employees of the Iranian Red Crescent Society mediated by job involvement.

In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population comprises all 22 to 45-year-old employees of the Red Crescent Society of Yazd province in 2022. Using convenience sampling, 304 employees were selected to complete the questionnaires of the study. The research instruments included the Quality of Work Life Questionnaire, Organizational Intelligence Questionnaire, Measurement of Job and Work Involvement, and Workplace Spirituality Scale. The proposed model was analyzed using path analysis. The bootstrapping analysis was used to test indirect relationships.

The results suggested there was a direct relationship between organizational intelligence and job involvement in employees of the Red Crescent Society (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between workplace spirituality and QWL (P<0.001), and between workplace spirituality and job involvement in employees of the Red Crescent Society (P=0.004). The relationship between job involvement and QWL was positive and significant (P<0.001). The relationship between indirect paths with the QWL was significant through job involvement (P<0.01).

The findings revealed that job involvement and workplace spirituality were positively related to the QWL of employees. Based on this model, various programs can be developed and designed to prevent career burnout and improve the quality of their work life.

Organizations attempt to retain and grow their employees while improving organizational performance by improving their quality of working life. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational justice and quality of working life mediated by job involvement among the Iranian Red Crescent Society staff.

This descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling to investigate the relationship between variables. The statistical population consisted of all staff of the Red Crescent Society of Yazd Province in 2022-2023. In this study, 304 people were selected as participants through convenience sampling. The participants were asked to fill out the research measurement tools (i.e., quality of working life questionnaire, perceived organizational justice questionnaire, and job involvement scale). The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. The bootstrap test was used to test indirect relationships between the research variables.

The analysis of demographic data showed that the mean age of participants was 32.52±4.16 years. Moreover, 265 (87.17%) participants were male and 39 (12.83%) were female. The results demonstrated a significant relationship of perceived organizational justice with quality of working life and job involvement (P<0.001). A significant relationship also existed between job involvement and quality of working life among the Iranian Red Crescent Society staff (P=0.002). The results also demonstrated the significant relationship of perceived organizational justice with the quality of working life mediated by job involvement (P=0.014).

Perceived organizational justice and job involvement had a positive, significant relationship with the quality of working life. Hence, organizational managers are advised to pay more attention to perceived organizational justice and job attachment.

The aim of this study was the Prediction of academic Engagement and academic burnout based on perfectionism and academic support in secondary school students. The present study is a correlational descriptive study The study community included all Secondary high school students of Gachsaran city in 2020-2021, from which 240 students were selected using cluster sampling. Research questionnaires included: the Hill Perfectionism Questionnaire (PI, 2004), Sands & Plunkett academic Support scale (ASS, 2005), the Fredricks School Engagement Scale (SES, 2004), and the Bresó school burnout inventory (SBI, 1997). The data of this study were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis in SPSS22 software. The results showed that perfectionism has a negative and significant relationship with academic Engagement (p <0.05) and a positive and significant relationship with academic burnout (p <0.01). Also, there is a positive and significant correlation between academic support and academic Engagement (p <0.05). However, no significant relationship was observed between academic support and academic burnout. The regression results showed that the predictor variables could predict 6.1% of the changes in academic burnout and 3.5% of the changes in the academic Engagement variable. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that if the score of perfectionism in students becomes high, we will most likely see a decrease in academic engagement, and the occurrence of academic burnout by this relationship can change under the influence of students' perceived academic support.

 Couples therapy has become a top priority due to the increasing prevalence of divorce cases in Iran, particularly among young couples, and the escalating family conflicts.

 The present study aimed to investigate the impact of emotionally focused therapy (EFT) on couples' emotion regulation and relationship distress in cases of emotional divorce.

 This experimental research utilized a pretest-posttest follow-up design. The study population included all couples with emotional divorce seeking counseling at the counseling centers in Ramshir County, Khuzestan Province (Iran) in 2022. Purposive sampling was employed to select 12 couples (24 individuals). The experimental group participated in EFT for couples, consisting of 9 sessions lasting 90 minutes each. Data were collected using the Gottman Emotional Divorce Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Marital Disturbance Questionnaire. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for data analysis.

 The mean ± SD scores for emotion regulation in couples who underwent EFT in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages were 77.25 ± 10.17, 115.50 ± 12.40, and 125.00 ± 7.71, respectively. Additionally, the mean ± SD scores for relationship distress in couples during the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages were 40.33 ± 1.88, 21.04 ± 3.04, and 19.79 ± 2.06, respectively. The findings indicated that EFT for couples significantly improved emotion regulation and relationship distress in couples experiencing emotional divorce (P < 0.001).

 Emotionally focused therapy for couples can enhance emotion regulation and alleviate relationship distress in couples dealing with marital conflicts and emotional divorce. It is recommended for psychotherapists and family counselors as an effective intervention to address marital conflicts in couples experiencing emotional divorce. Furthermore, it can be incorporated into premarital counseling sessions.

 The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Bowen family systems therapy and couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems on marital intimacy and family functions in couples attending counseling centers in Mahshahr county.

 This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The population of this study consisted of all couples who referred to counseling centers in Mahshahr city due to marital problems. Out of the population, 30 couples were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups. The instruments used in this study were Bowen family systems therapy, couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems, the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (2006), and the Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishop (1983) Family Functioning Questionnaire. Data processing was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics (covariance analysis).

 The results showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the variables of marital intimacy and family function. This means that Bowen family systems therapy and couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems have a significant effect on these variables.

 Bowen family systems therapy and couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems did not differ in their effectiveness on marital intimacy and family functions.

One of the success factors of students is self-control which leads to adaptation. Adaptation of the individual to the environment and society leads people to independence and responsibility. Self-control is one of the factors that help us adapt to our environment in everyday life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of stress inoculation training and emotion regulation training on self-control and academic stress in female students. The research method was semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all-female high school students in Ramhormoz city in the academic year 2019-2020 who were studying in schools of this city. From this statistical population, three schools were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The instruments used in this study included the SCS Self-Control Questionnaire and the Academic Stress Questionnaire (ASQ). In this study, univariate analysis of covariance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni pairwise comparison test using software (SPSS) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between experimental groups and control groups in terms of self-control and academic stress. Also, it was found that emotion regulation training has a greater effect on improving self-control and academic stress (P<0.01). Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that emotion regulation training has a greater impact on improving self-control and academic stress. The findings of this study can be used to improve students' self-control and academic stress.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Mediating Role of Academic Burnout in the Relationship between Academic Engagement and Perfectionism with Academic Procrastination.

The present study is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all Secondary high school students of Gachsaran city in the academic year 2020-2021, from which 240 students were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Perfectionism Questionnaire of Hill et al. (2004), the Fredricks, Blumfeld & Paris (2004) School engagement Scale, the Breso et al (1997) school burnout inventory and Solomon & Rothbhum Academic Procrastination Scale (1984). The data of this study were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS22 and Amos23 software.

The results showed that perfectionism direct, indirect and total effect on academic procrastination is a positive and significant. On the other hand, despite the lack of significant direct effect on academic procrastination, academic engagement indirect and total affects on academic procrastination is negative and significant. In addition, academic burnout has a positive and significant effect on academic procrastination.

According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that academic burnout plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between the variables of academic engagement and perfectionism with academic procrastination and the research model has a good fit.

The growing use of smartphones increased the mental dependence of adolescents on these devices and reduced their social interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of smartphone addiction in the relationships between academic adjustment and academic stress in high school students. In this cross-sectional study, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed to analyze the relationship between variables. The statistical population included all female high school students of Ahvaz (Iran) within the 2022–23 academic year. The stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 406 female students as the research sample. The research instruments included the Academic Adjustment Scale, Academic Stress Scale, and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale. The proposed model was evaluated through SEM, whereas the indirect relationships were tested through bootstrapping. The results indicated that there was a negative significant relationship between academic stress and academic adjustment (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a positive significant relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction, whereas a significant negative relationship was observed between smartphone addiction and academic adjustment (P<0.001). There was also an indirect significant path from smartphone addiction to academic adjustment (P<0.001). According to research results, the proposed model was a good fit. Hence, it is considered a major step in identifying the effective factors in the academic adjustment of students. In general, by reducing academic stress and addiction to smartphones, it is possible to increase academic adjustment among high school students.

Substance abuse disorders are associated with serious medical and psychiatric problems. Besides the undesirable side effects following drug-assisted treatment in drug abusers, sudden discontinuation of drug use can cause unpleasant symptoms. This study investigated the impact of reality therapy (RT) on drug cravings and mental health among clients of therapeutic community (TC) centers in Ahvaz City, Iran, in 2022.

This quasi-experimental study adopted a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all clients of TC centers of Ahvaz in 2022. Of whom 40 clients were selected as the sample using convenience sampling. In the next step, they were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups (20 subjects in each group). The data were collected by using the desires for drug questionnaire (DDQ) and the general health questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). The subjects in the experimental group attended eight 90-minute sessions of RT, whereas those in the control group received no intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The significance level of all tests was considered to be ≤0.05.

RT significantly affected drug cravings and mental health of the clients of TC centers (P<0.001).

Based on the study findings, RT is recommended for reducing drug cravings and improving mental health of people undergoing drug rehabilitation.

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience a lack of integration in psychological, social, emotional, and physical dimensions, and in addition to physical problems, they experience a variety of psychological problems in the cognitive-emotional aspectas a result of the disease-caused cognitive-emotional disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of behavioral activation combined with guided imagery rescripting on adversity quotient (AQ), experimental avoidance, and cognitive emotion regulation in patients with MS.

This was a research with a quasi-experimental design (pre-test and post-test with a control group). The statistical population included all patients with MS visiting the Caspian Physiotherapy Center of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2020. The sample consisted of 30 patients with MS (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) who were selected by convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Adversity Quotient Test, Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YRAI),and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

Behavioral activation combined with guided imagery rescripting increased AQ and positive cognitive emotion regulation, and decreased experiential avoidance and negative cognitive emotion regulation in patients with MS in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.001).

Behavioral activation combined with guided imagery rescripting could be an effective method for increasing AQ and positive cognitive emotion regulation and decreasing experiential avoidance and negative cognitive emotion regulation in patients with MS.

 Individuals are consistently influenced by ineffective core beliefs known as maladaptive schemas that develop during childhood and can pave the way for the appearance of problems such as extreme perfectionism. Therefore, therapeutic approaches are needed that can be effective for these schemas.

 The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contextual schema therapy (CST) on perfectionism and emotion regulation in individuals with perfectionism disorder.

 In this study, 12 individuals diagnosed with perfectionism disorder visiting the psychological service centers in Tehran in 2022 were purposively selected for this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, mid-test, and post-test design. The participants underwent CST in 40 one-hour sessions and completed the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in all three stages of the assessment. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS-26.

 The mean and standard deviation (SD) of perfectionism in the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test phases were 151.08 ± 18.97, 94.25 ± 12.48, and 67.58 ± 5.41, respectively. Moreover, the mean ± SD of emotion regulation in the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test phases were 40.25 ± 8.95, 45.50 ± 8.12, and 50.08 ± 7.94, respectively. The results demonstrated that the CST was effective for perfectionism across all assessment stages (P < 0.001); however, this influence was not significant for emotion regulation during the mid-test stage.

 Contextual schema therapy led to a reduction in extreme perfectionism and an improvement in emotion regulation in individuals with perfectionism. It is suggested that CST be applied in psychological service centers to reduce perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies in clients.

 The upward trends in divorce and the conflicts and distress in couples’ relationships made researchers seek cost-effective interventions to reduce marital problems.

 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT) on emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility among emotionally divorced couples (EDCs).

 The study was conducted on 20-50-year-old EDCs visiting Ramshir counseling centers in Iran in 2022. The purposive sampling method was used to select 12 couples (24 individuals). This experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest design with follow-up. The experimental group received ten 90-minute IBCT sessions. The research instruments included the Gottman Emotional Divorce Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory—the repeated measures ANOVA was then used for data analysis in SPSS software version 27.

 The mean (± SD) of emotion regulation was 80.25 ± 7.92 on the pretest, whereas it was 124.88 ± 11.63 and 120.88 ± 8.70 on the posttest and follow-up. Moreover, the mean (± SD) of cognitive flexibility was 60.50 ± 5.70 on the pretest, while it was 100.46 ± 6.33 and 97.13 ± 4.47 on the posttest and follow-up. The results indicated that IBCT improved emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in EDCs (P < 0.001).

 Based on the results, IBCT can enhance emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in couples experiencing marital conflicts and emotional divorce. Couples therapists should hold IBCT training workshops to improve emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in EDCs.

Many substance abusers suffer uncontrollable symptoms of extreme stress and cannot regulate their emotions after a traumatic experience.

This study hence investigated the effects of mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) therapy on drug craving and emotion regulation of therapeutic community (TC) center clients.

This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all stimulant-related (methamphetamine) visitors to treatment centers (TCs) of Khuzestan Province (Iran) in 2022. The convenience sampling method was employed to select 40 participants, who were assigned to an experimental group and a control group (20 members per group). The experimental group received MBRP therapy (eight 90-minute sessions), whereas the control group received no interventions and remained on the waiting list. The data were collected by using the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The ANCOVA was used for data analysis in SPSS-26.

The mean and standard deviation (± SD) of the drug cravings and emotion regulation for the MBRP group in the posttest were 46.85 ± 4.47 and 27.50 ± 2.72, respectively; while in the control group, the means were 69.30 ± 7.25 and 29.60 ± 2.16, respectively. MBRP had a significant effect on drug cravings and emotion regulation in clients of TC centers (P < 0.001). According to the results, MBRP effectively reduced drug cravings and improved the emotion regulation of participants in the experimental group.

According to the findings, MBRP improved drug cravings and emotion regulation. Hence, MBRP can be adopted to help mitigate drug cravings and enhance the emotion regulation of patients in rehabilitation.

The transition to school brings about changes in a student’s self-perception and relationships with others, which can make adjustment difficult. This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of smartphone addiction in the correlation between loneliness and impulsivity with academic adjustment in female high school students. The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included all female high school students in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2022-23 academic year. The stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 406 students as the research sample. The research instruments included the Academic Adjustment Scale, Loneliness Scale, Impulsivity Inventory, and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale. The proposed model was evaluated through path analysis in SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 25, while the indirect paths were tested through bootstrapping. There was a negative correlation between smartphone addiction (r=-0.43, P=0.001), loneliness (r=-0.32, P=0.001), and impulsivity (r=-0.27, P=0.001) with academic adjustment in the students. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and loneliness (r=0.31, P=0.001) as well as impulsivity (r=0.32, P=0.001). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between impulsivity and loneliness in the students (r=0.45, P=0.001). The results showed that all direct paths, except loneliness, were significantly correlated with academic adjustment (P<0.001). Indirect paths to academic adjustment were also significant when mediated by smartphone addiction (P<0.001). According to the results, the research model had a good fit (TLI=0.94, CFI=0.96, NFI=0.96, and RMSEA=0.059). Based on the research model, impulsivity and smartphone addiction had a negative correlation with the academic adjustment of female students. Smartphone addiction played a mediating role in the correlation between loneliness and impulsivity with the adjustment of female students. The results can provide a good model for designing and developing specific plans to prevent academic failure and improve academic adjustment.

The ability to experience and express emotions is considered a key factor in mental health, and difficulty in effective emotion regulation is a major symptom of many psychiatric disorders.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of reality therapy on emotion regulation difficulty and academic self-handicapping in high school students.

This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all male high school students of Ahvaz in 2021, 30 of whom were selected through cluster random sampling and were then randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group (15 participants per group). For the pretest, participants from both groups completed the Self-Handicapping Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The 10-session reality therapy intervention was then implemented in the experimental group, whereas the control group received no intervention. At the end of therapy sessions, the posttest was given to participants in both groups. Data analysis was performed using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The adjusted posttest mean score of difficulty in emotion regulation among intervention and control groups were 77.5 (95%CI: 75.1-79.9) and 113.35 (95%CI: 110.9-115.7), respectively. The values for academic self-handicapping in the intervention and control groups were 75.1 (95%CI: 72.8-78.4) and 97.3 (95%CI: 92.4-99), respectively. According to the result of ANCOVA, reality therapy had significant effects on academic self-handicapping (F=87.79, P=0.001, η2=0.78) and emotion regulation difficulty (F=461.15, P=0.001, η2=0.95) among students.

Reality therapy mitigated academic self-handicapping and difficulties in emotion regulation among male high school students. It is recommended that schools help students improve emotion regulation and control self-handicapping by providing appropriate conditions for implementing reality therapy sessions.

 Given the negative effects of procrastination on various aspects of student’s academic and personal lives, as well as the role of psychological and environmental variables in various academic problems, this study investigated the mediating role of academic burnout in the relationship between academic support and attitude towards a future career with academic procrastination in high school students.

 The statistical population in this descriptive correlational study consisted of all male senior high school students in Gachsaran County, Iran, in the academic year 2021 - 2022, of whom 234 were selected as the study sample using cluster sampling. Data collection was done using the Attitude to Future Career Questionnaire, Academic Support Scale, Academic Procrastination Scale, and School Burnout Inventory. The data were analyzed statistically using the Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS-22 and AMOS.

 The results showed that the direct effect of academic support on academic procrastination was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In addition, the direct effect of attitude toward the future career on academic procrastination was not significant, but its indirect effect on academic procrastination was (P < 0.001). The results also indicated the significant direct effect of attitude toward the future career on academic burnout (P < 0.001), whereas there was no significant relationship between academic support and academic burnout.

 The study findings demonstrated that academic burnout could mediate the relationship between attitude toward a future career and academic procrastination. Moreover, the research model fitted the data well. Therefore, researchers, school counselors, and child and adolescent psychologists are recommended to pay special attention to the factors affecting academic burnout when developing educational and therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing academic procrastination among students.

 Controlling emotions can be influential in increasing the quality of married life and coping with the outcomes of uncovering extramarital affairs.

 This study hence investigated the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and schema therapy in improving emotional control in people affected by marital infidelity.

 This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The study population included all couples dealing with marital infidelity who visited Mehr-e-Taban Counseling and Psychological Services Center in Tehran, Iran in 2021. A total of 48 individuals were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned to the two experimental groups and the control group (n = 16). The first experimental group received eight 90-minute hypnotherapy sessions and the second received ten 90-minute schema therapy sessions. The research instrument included the Emotion Control Questionnaire (ECQ). The data were analyzed using ANCOVA and post hoc tests in SPSS-22.

 The mean ± SD of the posttest score of emotional control in hypnotherapy and schema therapy groups was 47.62 ± 2.80 and 48.82 ± 1.45, which was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.001). The findings revealed that both therapeutic approaches were effective in improving emotional control and its four components including rehearsal, emotional inhibition, aggression control, and benign control in the participants (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the effects of hypnotherapy and schema therapy in improving emotional control.

 The results indicated that using both therapeutic approaches in counseling centers can be influential in helping maladjusted couples to improve and reduce their marital problems and increase their satisfaction, particularly in couples damaged by infidelity.

Marital infidelity can cause severe emotional consequences in couples. Marital infidelity leads to deep conflicts, separation, divorce, and psychological and social damage. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of "Hypnotherapy" and "Schema Therapy" on mental health in men and women who have been in marital infidelity in Tehran.

The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all the cheated couples in Tehran who had been referred to the Psychological Counseling Center in Tehran in the second half of 2022 due to the psychological consequences of marital infidelity. Sampling was done in a non-random and convenience method. First, 48 people were selected and then replaced in the first and second intervention groups and the control group (16 people in each group) in a simple random way using the lottery method. The research instruments were a demographic questionnaire and "Symptom Check List-90-Revised" to measure the symptoms of mental disorders. Content validity and face validity were measured by the qualitative method and reliability by the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. People in the "Hypnotherapy" group were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and in the "Schema Therapy" group in 20 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group received the therapy after completing the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 22 software.

The two therapy methods used were effective in increasing the mental health of the participants (P<0.05), but the difference between "Hypnotherapy" and "Schema Therapy" is not significant at the 0.05 level.

Considering the effectiveness of "Hypnotherapy" and "Schema Therapy" on increasing mental health, it is suggested that counseling centers and family clinics use these two therapy methods for unfaithful spouses.

The fear of failure in students may evoke positive and negative feelings such as pleasure, hope, anxiety, and stress, and they may resort to self-handicapping mechanisms to cope with these feelings. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) on academic self-handicapping (ASH) and academic engagement in high school students. This was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all male high school students in Ahvaz, Iran, of whom 30 (aged 15-18 years) were selected as the sample through cluster random sampling and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups (15 students in each group). All participants filled out the academic self-handicapping scale and the academic engagement questionnaire in the pretest. The participants in the experimental group attended 10 sessions of REBT, while the control group received no intervention. At the end of the intervention, all participants took the posttest. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25. The mean±standard deviation of academic involvement in the post-test of the control group was 54.66±7.17, which was significantly different from the REBT group (78.32±4.13) (P<0.001). Moreover, the mean±SD of ASH in the control and experimental groups were 93.20±16.40 and 78.00±17.47, respectively, which were statistically significant (P=0.020). There was no significant difference between the research variables in the pre-test and post-test of the control group, while there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the REBT group in terms of academic engagement and ASH in the students (P<0.001). REBT was effective in improving students’ ASH and academic engagement. Therefore, school officials are recommended to provide suitable conditions for the rational-emotive growth of students to improve academic engagement and control ASH among them.

Stress, academic failure, and low academic achievement of learners are among the major problems in their academic lives and the education system of each country. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived academic stress in relationships of self-compassion and self-regulation with academic well-being in female students in Kermanshah City, Iran. 

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all the female senior high school students of Kermanshah, within the 2020-2021 academic years. The random cluster sampling method was employed to select 216 students who completed the academic well-being, self-compassion, self-regulation, and perceived academic stress questionnaires. Path analysis and bootstrap method were adopted to evaluate the proposed model and test indirect relationships, respectively. 

The results indicated that all direct paths were significant (P<0.001), except for the path from self-compassion to academic well-being. The relationships of indirect paths were made significant through the mediating role of perceived academic stress in academic well-being (P<0.01). 

According to the research results, perceived academic stress had a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and self-regulation with academic well-being in students; thus, it can be useful for developing and designing specific plans to prevent academic failure and improving academic well-being of students.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of immunization training against stress and emotion regulation training on social adequacy and high-risk behaviors in Adolescent girls.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female high school students in Ramhormoz city in the academic year of 2019-20 who were studying in schools of this city. From this statistical population, 3 schools were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Two schools were randomly assigned to experimental groups 1 and 2 and one school as a control group. The number of stress immunization training groups according to Mickenbaum (2007) protocol included 23 people and the emotion regulation training group (2002) included 22 people and the control group consisted of 25 people participated in this study. The instruments used in this study included the social adequacy questionnaire of Flanner et al. (1990), the risk-taking questionnaire of Iranian-born Mohammadzadeh and Ahmadabadi (2008). Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS.22 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in terms of social adequacy (F=34.64, P<0.001) and high-risk behaviors (F= 56.56, P<0.001). Also, it was found that emotion regulation training method has a greater effect on improving social adequacy and high-risk behaviors.

It can be concluded that stress immunization training and emotion regulation training were effective on social adequacy and high-risk behaviors in female students.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused intervention and rational-emotional behavior therapy among women on weight self-efficacy and self-criticism on an Overweight Diet. This study was a quasi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women on an overweight diet that was referred to therapy clinics in Tehran from December 2019 to April 2020. Through a convenience sampling method, 45 overweight females were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to a control and two experimental groups. Both experimental groups1(n=15), and 2 (n=15) were treated with compassion-focused therapy and rational-emotional behavior therapy for ten and eight weekly 90-minute sessions, but the control group (n=15) did not receive any treatment. At the start of the study, all participants completed using the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL) and the Levels of Self-criticism (LOSC) Scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and One-Way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were applied by the SPSS-25 program (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between post-test scores of compassion-focused intervention (CFT) and rational-emotional behavioral therapy (REBT) groups in terms of self-efficacy and self-criticism. The people in the REBT intervention group had better self-efficacy and self-criticism scores (p = 0.001). The findings showed that compassion-focused intervention (CFT) and rational-emotional behavioral therapy interventions could help with overweightness. Therefore, both intervention programs are recommended for improving weight self-efficacy and decreasing self-criticism among women on an overweight diet.