zahra fatehi

Oral vaccines in infectious diseases, whose agents enter the body through the mucous membrane, will induce the innate immune pathway. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been documented as biomarkers of Brucella systemic inflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oral administration of the Lactococcus lactis probiotic vaccine carrying Brucella abortus BLS antigen on the ratio of blood leukocytes as biological biomarkers in mice with brucellosis compared to the control group.

60 mice with brucellosis (challenged) and 60 healthy mice (non-challenged) were included in the study. The challenge group was divided into 6 subgroups and 6 types of intervention including 1) L. lactis/pNZ8148-Usp45-BLS, 2) L. lactis-pNZ8148, 3) L. lactis, 4) IRIBA Vac, 5) pNZ8148 and 6) PBS received by gastric gavage in all groups except IRIBA Vac. Serum was used to check hematological parameters. C-reactive protein (CRP) level was measured. The number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was determined using a complete blood cell count. PLR and NLR were calculated.

In this study, the level of CRP in the mice of the challenge group increased significantly compared to the non-challenge group. (P<0.0001) The mice receiving oral vaccine L. lactis/pNZ8148-Usp45-BLS were able to inhibit the infection and reduce the concentration of CRP in They were basic level. Mice with brucellosis have lower levels of NLR and PLR than the control group, and after receiving the recombinant vaccine, an increase in leukocytes was observed (P˂0.0001).

The mice of the challenge group and the non-challenge group showed a statistically significant difference in terms of PLR and NLR as well as CRP. These parameters can be useful markers in evaluating the systemic inflammation of brucellosis.

Vaccination is an efficient and cost-effective way to control brucellosis. This study aims to generate recombinant Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) with Brucella abortus (B. abortus) BLS cytoplasmic protein.

The target vector, gene, and signal peptide (pNZ8148-Usp45-BLS) were developed and made in this study. Cloning accuracy was verified by PCR, enzyme digestion, and sequencing. Top10 F Escherichia coli was transformed using the recombinant expression vector. The column plasmid extraction kit selected and eliminated chloramphenicol-effected bacteria from an agar plate. In electroporation, Lactococcus lactis bacteria received the recombinant vector. Both SDS-PAGE and RT-PCR confirmed the transition.

To confirm the correctness of cloning and to confirm the presence of the BLS gene in the pNZ8148 vector, PCR and enzymatic digestion were performed. Observation of the BLS gene fragment with a length of 477 bp and plasmid pNZ8148 - Usp45 without the BLS gene fragment with a length of 2997 bp, the cloning of the BLS gene fragment was confirmed. Also, in the study conducted by the nanodrop device, the concentration of the extracted plasmid was estimated at 848.9 ng/µl and the degree of purity was 2.07. The results of RT-PCR indicated the success of the BLS gene transformation of Brucella abortus in L. lactis bacteria. Also, a single protein band of 18 kDa was observed in transformed L. lactis.

The present study showed that the BLS gene of the probiotic L. lactis transfected with pNZ8148-Usp45-BLS is expressed by electroporation.

 Genetic modifications in the adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) gene can affect phenotypes associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible role of genetic modifications in the AdipoR2 gene, to determine the frequency of genotypes and polymorphism alleles of this gene at rs11061971 (+219 A>T), and to investigate its correlation with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its related metabolic profile.

 In this case-control study, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of AdipoR2 in 116 T2D patients and 102 controls was evaluated using RFLP PCR and FOK 1 enzyme. Fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, HDL-C, LDL-C and HbA1c were also measured and their correlation with the studied genetic modifications was assessed. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Hardy-Weinberg equation.

 There was a significant association in AT and TT genotypes in rs11061971 (+219 A>T) with T2D. However, no significant difference was observed in the frequency of alleles between the case and control groups. In addition, in LDL-C and total cholesterol in the control group, there was a significant difference between AA and TT genotypes as well as with AA and AT genotypes. However, no correlation was found between the other studied serum parameters and the genotype of individuals in the rs1106197171 polymorphism.

 It can be concluded that rs11061971 (+219 A>T) polymorphism is associated with T2D incidence. The findings suggest that AT and TT genotypes in this gene compared to AA genotype increase the risk of diabetes.

Mullana Kamal al-Din vahsie Bafghi is one of the most prominent speakers of the tenth anniversary of the Hijri era and is one of the leading figures in the school of philosophy, which has been experimenting in various poetry forms and has written poems in all of these styles. In this study, we intend to review samples of beauty and goodness in the poetry of this great poet and great mystic Safavid. Poetry is a blend of feeling and imagination. vahsie is trying to convey this state of affairs as a result of events, as it has been experienced for itself. He called for such words in the expression of these states to the resurrection, which also sheds light on his emotions to accompany the poet. The vahsie is a poet who has been experimenting in all types of poetry and conventional forms, and in most of them they have shown their mastery and ability. He has a theoretical focus on the issue of harmony and the concept of poetry. He should be considered among the most knowledgeable poets regarding the importance of poetry music. The whims of the vahsie are the best guides of the new way. His ghosts are often short and usually not more than 9 bits. Using a variety of rhymes from her due to her artistic creativity, she upgrades the aesthetic level in her poetry to a high level.

Individuals’ listening styles differs based on their characters, professions and situations. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Listening Styles Profile- Revised (LSP- R) in Iranian students.

After translating into Persian, LSP-R was employed in a sample of 240 medical and nursing Persian speaking students in Iran. Statistical analysis was performed to test the reliability and validity of the LSP-R.
The study revealed high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability for the Persian version of the questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.72 and intra-class correlation coefficient 0.87. The means for the content validity index and the content validity ratio (CVR) were 0.90 and 0.83, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded a four-factor solution accounted for 60.8% of the observed variance. Majority of medical students (73%) as well as majority of nursing students (70%) stated that their listening styles were task-oriented.

In general, the study finding suggests that the Persian version of LSP-R is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing listening styles profile in the studied sample.

Genetic alternation in p53 gene is associated with tumorgenesis, specially breast, colon and lung tumors. To our knowledge, there has been no study on the relationship between TAAAA repeat in the first intron of p53 gene and cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphism of TAAAA in the first intron of p53 gene among colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals and its relation to risk of colorectal cancer.
In this research, 151 blood samples of patients with colorectal cancer and 180 healthy samples were studied. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples by salting out method and amplification of desired sequence, the number of TAAAA repeats was determined by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing.
In this study, five different length of TAAAA repeat in the range of 6-10 and 13 allele combinations (genotypes) were observed among patients and controls. The most frequent allele in both patients and controls was the 8-TAAAA repeat. Results of homozygous genotypes equal or below 8 are higher among the controlled than the case subjects. In the contrary, number of genotypes equal or higher than 9 (9.10, 9.9) was higher among the patients. Due to the insufficient number of samples, the statistical analysis didnot not show a meaningful relationship. There is no meaningful relationship between genotype, metastasis and age.
Our study did not show a strong association between the TAAAA repeat polymorphism in p53 gene and the risk of colorectal cancer.

This study examined the mediating effect of achievement emotions on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and deep and surface learning approaches among female students. On a sample consisting of 300 university students were administrated the achievement emotions questionnaire- learning-related emotions (Pekrun, Goetz & Perry, 2005), the academic self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire (Zajacova, Lynch & Espenshade, 2005) and the Revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire (Biggs, Kember & Leung, 2001). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating effects model of achievement emotions on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning approaches among female students. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that the mediating model of achievement emotions on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning approaches had a good fit to the data. All of the regression weights in both models were statistically significant and in the mediating model of positive emotions, model' predictors accounted for 48 and 19 of the variance in deep and surface learning approaches respectively and in the mediating model of negative emotions, model' predictors accounted for 19 and 24 of the variance in deep and surface learning approaches. These findings show that among students when encountering to demands of academic life, difference in scores of deep and surface learning approaches among them, accounted for by difference in degree of positive and negative achievement emotions.

The hemodialysis patients, who are able to make better use of adaptive techniques, accept the treatment easier and will have a higher quality of life. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of training of coping methods (problem-focused and emotion-focused) on quality of life in hemodialysis patients. This was a one-group before- after quasi-experimental design, in which 38 hemodialysis patients admitted at the Ali ebn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan 2010, were included. Quality of life questionnaire (SF36) and Lazarus Jalowiece Coping Style Questionnaire were used to measure the patient's quality of life and coping styles before intervention. Coping strategies were then trained and quality of life and coping styles were measured again after intervention. Data analysis was performed with SPSS Software Version 18 using paired t-test, ANOVA and Fisher's exact test. Most of the subjects were female, married, with a mean (SD) age of 51.42 ± 20/50 years. The mean score of quality of life was 89.03±19.35 before versus 98.89±16 after intervention. The mean score of quality of life was increased 9.85 after training compared to the baseline. Paired t-test showed significant difference between the scores of quality of life before and after intervention (p<0.0001). The results indicated that coping methods training can promote the use of problem-based instead of emotion-focused coping strategies, which intern could enhance patient's quality of life.

None of the approved immunomodulatory drugs in adults Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients have been officially approved for the pediatric patients and are currently used off-label in this population. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of intramuscular interferon beta1-a (Avonex®) and subcutaneously injected interferon beta1-b (Betaferon®) in children with definite relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Thirteen patients aged younger than 16, who were recently diagnosed with definite RRMS according to the McDonald's criteria, were enrolled in this study. Six patients were treated with Avonex® 30 μg, intramuscularly every week, and seven patients were treated with Betaferon® 250 μg, subcutaneously every other day. All patients were treated with adult doses; initially interferon-beta was prescribed with half dose, and it was increased to full adult dose steadily. Eleven girls and two boys, mean (SD) age of 14.7 (1.9) years, were studied. Following nine months of using interferon-beta, nine patients (69.2%) had no relapses and the remaining four, experienced only one relapse. The mean EDSS score was decreased significantly after the study period. The present study provides reasonable data for the use of interferon-beta in Pediatric MS due to lack of short-term complications and safety. Studies with larger sample size and longer follow up duration are required to shed light on the long term impact of the interferon-beta therapy in children.

In order to provide a pharmacological profile for some newly synthesized dihydropyridines, we investigated their effects on the isolated rat colon segments and the isolated rat atrium contractility. The tested compounds include alkyl ester analogues of nifedipine, in which the ortho-nitrophenyl group at position 4 is replaced by 2-alkylthio-1-benzyl-5-imidazolyl substituent, and nifedipine as a positive control substance. Isolated rat colon and atrial tissues were prepared. Rat colon was contracted with 80 mM KCl, and maximum response was recorded (100%). After washing tissue with Krebs solution it was preincubated with different concentrations of test compounds and again KCl was added and percent change in contraction was calculated. Spontaneous contractions and its frequency for colon and atrium before and after addition of test compounds were also recorded and percent change was calculated. Nifedipine (10-8 -10-5 M) was used as positive control at all experiments.The compounds showed similar effects to that of nifedipine on the isolated rat colon. The potency of these analogues with concentration range 10-5 to 10-4 M was compared to potency of nifedipine which was effective at 10-8 to 10-5 M (P<0.01). However, unlike nifedipine, the test compounds exerted significant positive inotropic effect on the isolated rat atrium (P < 0.01). Our observations suggest that these analogues of nifedipine selectively enhance contractility of heart muscle while causing relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle. These compounds may serve as valuable probes to develop novel dihydropyridines with dual smooth muscle relaxant effect and positive inotropic action.

The effects of tyrosine kinases on acute and chronic inflammation during diabetes are not fully determined. Therefore, the present study focuses on the effects of genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on acute and chronic inflammation in diabetic mice. The mice either received normal saline (control, 0.1 ml, i.p., n=144) or streptozotocin (diabetic, STZ, 200 mg kg-1, i.p., n=144). A week after injection of saline or STZ acute and chronic inflammation was induced by injecting carrageenan and implanting 2 cotton pellets. Before injection carrageenan or 5 day after implantation, 9 mice from each group (control or diabetic) received genistein (10 mg kg-1, i.p.), indomethacin (2 mg kg-1, i.p.) or L-NAME (0.1 mg kg-1, i.p.). Paw edema and the weight of cotton pellets were significantly higher in diabetic mice. Pretreatment with either indomethacin or L-NAME significantly reduced the acute and chronic inflammation in the diabetic group. Genistein reduced chronic inflammation significantly. These results suggest that activation of tyrosine kinases as well as prostaglandins and nitric oxide pathways are involved in the increased chronic inflammatory responses observed in the diabetic animals.

It has been shown that nitric oxide is a mediator with a major role in pain signaling at the level of dorsal root ganglion neurons of the spinal cord. The main objective of the present study was to elucidate the influence of sex on the effects of nitric oxide on pain mediation in mice. Painful stimuli such as heat induced by light beam focused on tail and hot plate chamber were applied. Animals were injected with either morphine (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/100g body weight) or L-NAME (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/100g body weight) intraperitonealy. Changes in tail flick latency and responses to the hot plate chamber were measured in different groups of mice. The tail flick latency was increased significantly in both male and female animals treated with morphine (control male (sec): 2.45 ± 0.16, male which received morphine 50 mg/100g body weight: 13.5 ± 0.6, control female: 3.4 ± 0.3, female which received morphine 50 mg/100g body weight: 13.8 ± 0.6; P<0.001 vs control in both cases). The response time to the hot plate chamber was also increased significantly by morphine pretreatment in both male and female mice. The tail flick latency and the response time to the hot plate chamber were significantly higher in the female mice (eg,the response time to the hot plate chamber (sec) in male: 7.3 ± 0.8, in female: 13.7 ± 1.6, P<0.01 vs female mice). Pretreatment with L-NAME at all concentrations caused a significant non-dose dependent increase in the response time to the hot plate chamber only in the male mice. These results may suggest that pain is mediated through different mediators in male and female mice and probable involves sex hormones. Furthermore, from the effect of L-NAME on pain sensation, it maybe suggested that Larginine-nitric oxide pathway is more important in male in comparison with female in pain signaling.

On the basis of reports that ginger (Zingiber officinale, Z. officinale) extract has antiinfalammatory activity, the present study was undertaken to investigate whether the aqueous extract of Z. officinale has any significant beneficial effect on chronic inflammation in diabetic mice. Control mice received normal saline (0.1 ml, i.p.), and in the test group, diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 180mg/kg, i.p.) which was confirmed by the measurement of blood glucose, 7 days after STZ injection. One week after saline or STZ injection, chronic inflammation was induced by implantation of cotton pellets (30 mg) on each side of the groin region subcutaneously. Then at the day of 3, the aqueous extract of Z.officinale was added to drinking water (100, 200 and 400 mg/100 ml) for 4 days. In another sets of experiments, L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) and indomethacin, an inhibitor of the prostaglandin biosynthesis, (2 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected at the day of 5 of implantation. On the 8th day, the mice were killed and the pellets were removed, freed from extraneous tissue and dried at 60 °C for 24h. The increase in the weight of cotton pellets was higher in diabetic mice (control: 160 ± 13.6 mg,diabetic: 271 ± 11.8 mg, P<0.001). Pretreatment with the aqueous extract of Z. officinale caused a significant but not dose-dependent reduction in cotton pellet weight in diabetic animals (diabetic + Z.officinale''s extract: 181.4 ± 21 mg, P<0.05 vs diabetic). The anti-inflammatory effect of extract was almost the same as L-NAME, but less than indomethacin. Results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Z. officinale are comparable to L-NAME.