zahra karimi

Synanthropic flies are essential in transmitting various pathogens, producing myiasis, and their application in forensic entomology. The main objective of this study was to identify the medically important flies in the hospital grounds of Tehran. The sampling process for this cross-sectional study was carried out every two weeks on the grounds of four hospitals in Tehran, using bottle traps and insect nets from March 2020 to February 2021. The population data has been transformed by calculating square root due to huge variations among community data, and data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test to estimate the temporal and spatial variation. A total of 18,613 adult flies were collected and 18 species were identified. These flies belonged to four families: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, and Fanniidae. The most common species in each family were Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, Muscina stabulans Fallen, Sarcophaga Africa Wiedemann, and Fannia canicularis L., respectively. Temporal variations showed that C. vicina had different seasonal activity, with peaks in colder months, while Lucilia sericata Meigen, Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), and dominant species of Sarcophagidae peaked in mid-summer. Spatial distribution analysis revealed overall unity in collecting all three species of Calliphoridae in all hospital environments. The same status was observed for Muscidae and Fanniidae. The dominant species in all species of the family Sarcophagidae were active during warmer months. Sarcophaga nigriventris Meigen, 1826 is reported for the first time for Iranian fauna.

Iran encompasses various climate zones, with approximately 85% of its agricultural land located in arid and semi-arid regions. To mitigate the effects of drought stress and enhance crop adaptation and yield, numerous advanced techniques, including hormone applications, have been extensively studied. This research aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application of different concentrations of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of garden thyme under water deficit stress conditions. The study was conducted using a split factorial design within a randomized complete block framework, with three replications at the Varamin and Absard research fields in Iran during the 2019 growing season. The primary factor was irrigation, assessed at two levels: normal and water-deficit stress. Sub-factors were the foliar application of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid at various concentrations, and the treatment groups were in factorial arrangements. Salicylic acid was applied at concentrations of 0, 25, and 50 mg L-1, while jasmonic acid was applied at 0, 1, and 2 mg L-1. The results demonstrated that water deficit stress significantly reduced plant height, dry weight yield, and chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content, while it increased proline accumulation. Under water deficit stress, the maximum levels of dityrosine and 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine (34.18 and 13.52 nmol mg-1 protein, respectively) were observed, which were 11% and 20% higher, respectively, than those under well-watered conditions. Furthermore, the interaction between foliar applications of different concentrations of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid mitigated the detrimental effects of water deficit stress, enhancing the tolerance of garden thyme. Overall, the findings suggest that under drought conditions, the application of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid can significantly improve the performance of garden thyme.

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals provide a non-invasive means of monitoring cardiovascular status during physical exercise; however, they are prone to noise, especially motion artifacts (MA). For specific telemedicine applications, compression is necessary for tasks such as PPG signal generation and secure data transmission. In this study, the investigation focused on determining whether it is better to perform compression before or after noise removal by applying a noise removal method and various compression methods. To achieve the aim, the study explored a subspace-based denoising method called "Maximum Uncorrelated PPG Denoising." Additionally, signal compression methods were examined in nine distinct steps. Compression quality is evaluated using various criteria, such as compression rate (CR) and Percentage Root Mean Square Difference (PRD). The results showed that regardless of the type of compression method, it is better not to remove noise before the compression process because doing so reduces CR and increases PRD.

The present study aims to study the lived experience of Baloch women in the absence of their husbands. To achieve the research objective, a qualitative method with an interpretive phenomenological approach was used. For this purpose, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Baloch women and child-women living in the cities of Mirjaveh and Khash who lived alone in the absence of their husbands (temporarily or semi-temporarily), and purposive sampling was used to select them. Data analysis was conducted based on Christ and Tanner’s interpretive phenomenological steps, in which themes or meanings were identified, and finally 6 main categories, 14 subcategories, and 103 concepts were extracted and subjected to final interpretation. The findings of the study showed that the research participants are mostly away from their husbands due to their husbands' jobs such as fuel delivery, seasonal labor in other cities, driving heavy machinery, etc., and managing their family system individually, and in this regard, they face a different type of social and family life. In their new life, the surviving Baloch women experience pleasant experiences such as increased mobility on the one hand, and on the other hand, they face unpleasant experiences such as feelings of insecurity, sexual concerns, multi-directional control, psychological-psychological breaks, and feelings of helplessness, especially in matters related to children. In the absence of their husbands, surviving women experience a different life called living in the shadow of their husbands, which is living under the banner of their husbands despite their physical absence, which they consider an unpleasant event with destructive effects.

The present study sought to investigate the effect of implementing choice theory-based instruction and clinical supervision on EFL teachers’ self-efficacy. Accordingly, a total of 30 Iranian EFL teachers were selected through nonrandom convenience sampling based on their willingness to participate in the study. At the outset, they responded to the Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) as the pretest and thence divided randomly into two groups of 15: one group underwent a choice theory-based instruction course while the other participated in a clinical supervision program. Once the two programs were completed, both groups sat for the TSES again this time as the posttest. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted in this pretest-posttest study, thus revealing a significant difference between these two instructions with clinical supervision bearing a significantly higher impact on EFL teachers’ self-efficacy. This study may provide useful insights into the possible impact of implementing such a treatment in teacher education which are discussed in the paper.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of metacognitive beliefs on academic self-efficacy, with working memory as a mediating variable, among students in Tehran.

The research employed a descriptive-correlational method using structural equation modeling. The study's population comprised all high school students in Tehran academic of 1401-1402. A multistage cluster sampling method was used, and the sample size was estimated to be 384 individuals.To collect data, standardized questionnaires were utilized, including the Metacognition Questionnaire by Wells and Hoath (1997), the Self-Efficacy Scale by Scherer (1982), and the Working Memory Questionnaire by Daneman and Carpenter (1980). For data analysis, we employed descriptive statistics, including the calculation of mean and standard deviation. For inferential statistics, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were utilized, using the software packages AMOS 23 and SPSS 26.

The findings indicated that metacognitive beliefs have a direct, positive, and significant effect on the academic self-efficacy of students.The findings also showed that working memory plays a significant mediating role in predicting academic self-efficacy based on the metacognitive beliefs of students in Tehran (p < 0.05).

This result indicates that working memory plays an important role in better learning and the utilization of metacognitive strategies. Therefore, considering the results of this study, it is recommended that metacognitive strategies be included in the educational curriculum for students, and that they become acquainted with these strategies right from the beginning of their time in the classroom, tailored to their needs and level of understanding.

Modern urban and industrial life and transportation system development have caused a significant increase in ecotourists in natural areas. Despite the extensive visit of nature lovers, Feridounshahr county lacks favorable accommodation and welfare facilities needed by tourists. Since these arrangements are modern and complex, they are often presented in tourist villages and their location requires to be established in places that have the most efficiency. So, this research, an environmental assessment has been made to determine the most favorable place for tourist village establishment in Feridonshahr County. Therefore, through the integration of 9 information layers of spatial data, including population centers, slope, topography, elevation, land type, river network and buffer, access roads and fault buffer, suitable places for creating a tourist village were monitored. In this regard, first, all digital layers that were effective in locating the optimal areas for creating a tourist village were prepared, and each of them was given a weight based on their importance. Pairwise comparison method was used to weight the information layers for obtain their normalized weight. After weighting, to assemble all digital layers, vector layers were converted to raster and then combined with each other. Results showed that according to zoning and recognition of places prone to tourist villages creation, more than 11% of the County's area has suitable land potential and they are often located in form of scattered areas in the east, north and northwest, which due to the proximity in the county center can to become a bed for the development of tourism and optimal use of tourists from the pristine natural environment. In this regard, the establishment of a tourism village in these areas can lead to the development of nature-oriented tourism in Fardunshahr county and achieve economic achievements and a sustainable environment for the local people.

In recent years, the extent and intensity of dust storms in southwestern Iran have made this phenomenon one of the environmental hazards of in these areas. Considering the importance of particulate matter (PM10) in air pollution and its consequences, this study investigated changes in air quality based on PM10 concentration in Ilam City.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, PM10 concentration values were obtained from the Environmental Protection Organization of Ilam City from 2019 to 2023. The data were categorized and analyzed using Excel software.

The results showed that the highest and lowest average monthly concentrations of PM10 in different years were, respectively, related to April 2022, with a concentration of 271.95 µg/m3, and October 2019, with a concentration of 34.67 µg/m3. In 1812 studied days, the air quality condition was outside the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (150 µg/m3) on 95 days (5.13%). The highest seasonal pollution in terms of PM10 concentration was occurring in the spring season, and while the lowest air pollution was observed in the autumn season.  

The results showed that the concentration of PM10 decreased from summer to autumn and increased from autumn to winter and spring. Which this information can be used utilized by policymakers to design and implement effective personal protection and control measures in  during this period of time

Nepeta crispa is a perennial plant in the mint family. The present study aimed to study the effect of the combined application of humic acid and UV-B radiation on the growth and some phytochemical responses of this plant. The experiment was conducted as a factorial (two-factor) in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was humic acid at 4 levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 g .L-1) and the second factor, UV-B radiation at 3 levels (0, 1 and 3 hours of irradiation per day). Based on the results, in contrast to the UV-B irradiation treatment, the effect of humic acid application significantly increased stem height compared to the control treatment. Also, the highest amount of total phenol, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity and the lowest amount of total tannin were all obtained in 3 hours of UV-B irradiation treatment without the application of humic acid. The highest amount of total tannin and the lowest antioxidant capacity were observed in the treatment of 8 g .L-1 humic acid. The results of HPLC analysis of leaf extract showed that the highest amount of rosmarinic acid and salvanoic acid was produced in 3 hours of UV-B irradiation treatment per day. Among the studied phenolic acids, the highest amount of chlorogenic acid was obtained in the treatment of 3 hours of UV-B radiation + 8 g .L-1 of humic acid. The highest amount of caffeic acid was observed in 1 hour of radiation treatment + 4 g .L-1 of humic acid. In all, the combined use (interaction) of humic acid and UV-B were significant for total phenol, total flavonoid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. The use of humic acid (simple effect) in this plant had a significant effect on the total tannin, antioxidant capacity and rosmarinic acid at a level of 1% and increased tannin while decreasing antioxidant activity and rosmarinic acid in Nepeta crispa leaves. Humic acid also reduced the levels of antioxidant capacity and rosmarinic acid, and the only trait that had an increasing effect on it was the amount of total tannin. The results of this study can be considered for the cultivation of this plant under greenhouse-field conditions.

suicide is one of the problems affected by cultural, regional and multifactorial factors. Currently, there is no regular reporting regarding the prevalence and risk factors of suicide in the country. The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of suicide and its related factors in cases referred to the General Department of Forensic Medicine of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the files of the deceased suspected of suicide in the autopsy file of the General Department of Forensic Medicine of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during the years 1389 to 1398 were examined.

The files of 528 people were included in the study. The average age of the deceased suspected of suicide was 33.88 ± 16.08 years. 60.4% of the deceased were in the age range of 15-34 years. In the study, 75.8% of the deceased were men. And the method of committing suicide was hanging in 74.4% of cases. The method of committing suicide was significantly related to gender, age, education and occupation (P<0.05), but it was not related to the season of the year, previous history of committing suicide, and the year of the act. There was a significant difference in the age and marital status of suicide attempters according to gender (P<0.05). In the group of women, a higher prevalence of suicide was observed in married and younger women (P<0.023).

Suicide in the province is a serious problem that has increased in recent years. In this context, there is a serious need to identify people at risk, and to apply preventive and supportive measures.

Knowledge sharing is a crucial process that adds value to organizational strategy.It plays an essential role in facilitating the achievement of organizational goals, supporting organizational interests, sustaining success, fostering organizational learning, enhancing performance, creating a knowledge-based competitive advantage, and ultimately benefiting the community.A collaborative community in the context of cyberspace is a virtual professional network that unites individuals with shared expertise in a specific field. This environment fosters knowledge sharing, enhances the professional skills of its members, provides advanced insights, and helps address career challenges. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing knowledge sharing andits consequences within the Shad Network, a virtual collaborative community for elementary school teachers in Khorramabad city.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection and structural equation type. The conceptual framework of this study is based on the conceptual model presented in Chen and Hong's (2010) research. The research population includes 2208 elementary school teachers in Khorramabad city, of which 327 were selected as the research sample using the Krejci and Morgan table using stratified random sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS and SmartPLS software.

Analysis of the demographic information of the respondents showed that 237 (72.48%) of the respondents were female and 90 (27.52%) of the respondents were male. In terms of educational qualifications, 199 (60.86%) had a bachelor's degree, 118 (36.08%) had a master's degree, 7 (2.14%) had a doctorate, and three (0.92%) had an associate's degree. The descriptive index analysis of the research variables showed that the average of each of the variables of reciprocity rule, interpersonal trust, self-efficacy in knowledge sharing, perceived relative advantage, knowledge donation behavior, knowledge collection behavior, perceived compatibility, knowledge use, and knowledge promotion are 4.268, 3.882, 4.104, 4.358, 4.336, 2.900, 4.084, 4, and 3.739, respectively. The results of the structural equations of the research showed that the variables of interpersonal trust (B=0.129); perceived relative advantage (B=0.152); self-efficacy in knowledge sharing (B=0.190), and reciprocity rule (B=0.251) have a significant effect on teachers' knowledge donation behavior. Also, the variable of perceived relative advantage (B=0.449) has a significant effect on knowledge collection behavior. Teachers' knowledge donation behavior has resulted in knowledge use (B=0.423). Also, three variables of knowledge collection behavior (B=0.197); knowledge use (B=0.363) and knowledge donation behavior (B=0.411) have a significant effect on the community promotion variable.

Considering the crucial role of primary school teachers in educating students, it is essential to plan for the optimal utilization of their specialized knowledge and experiences, as they represent a vital pillar of the education system. Additionally, it is recommended that the importanceof knowledge sharing be clearly communicated to teachers. By doing so, a culture of knowledge exchange will gradually be fostered among teachers. This means that educators will come to view knowledge sharing and acquisition as valuable and will be dedicated to it. Consequently, they will engage in exchanges driven by intrinsic motivation and utilize knowledge sharing as a tool for their own professional development. As a result, teachers will continuously strive to eliminate errors and obstacles, thereby enhancing their job productivity. Additionally, expert and specialist teachers can be requested to develop the necessary content in response to advancements in the educational landscape and current needs, sharing it on the Shad network. This will promote knowledge exchange among educators and contribute to the ongoing enhancement of the knowledge generated. Additionally, young and less experienced teachers can benefit from the accumulated knowledge of their more experienced counterparts without any restrictions related to time or location. In this context, the Shad Network will function as a knowledge management system or an educational knowledge repository.

Population growth and changes in the pattern of needs in accordance with economic growth and lifestyle changes have increased the need for suitable water sources. Treatment and reuse of wastewater is very important in order to reduce the water crisis and prevent the pollution of surface and underground water sources and ecological destruction caused by the discharge of sewage and preserv human health. Conventional wastewater treatment methods have many implementation limitations, including high cost, complex operations and maintenance, etc. For this reason, it is not possible to implement conventional and high-tech methods everywhere. While natural wastewater treatment systems have lower technology and less need for trained labor and at the same time have high efficiency. Among the solutions for green wastewater treatment, we can mention phytoremediation and artificial wetland system. An artificial terrestrial wetland that removes pollutants by creating a saturated porous environment and providing the conditions for the occurrence of physical, chemical and biological processes. Phytoremediation is a biological treatment method in which a plant reduces the pollutants by selective absorption of pollutants and accumulation of them in its tissues. In this method, various factors such as retention time, pollutant concentration, environmental factors (acidity, temperature) and plant characteristics (species, root system, etc.) are important. Since the artificial wetland is similar to a black box whose processes cannot be predicted, simulation models are used to design them with the aim of achieving the highest pollutant removal efficiency. The HYDRUS-2D model is an advanced two-dimensional model related to the simulation of water movement and solute and heat transfer in saturated and unsaturated porous media. In this model, Richards and dispersivity-diffusion equations have been used respectively to simulate water movement and solute transport, as well as features such as spatial distribution of plant roots, water absorption by plant roots, various equations of hydraulic properties of porous media and various initial and boundary conditions, the possibility to provide the simulation of an artificial wetland with plants.

Experimental site and Measuring TDS To collect the information from the model, six artificial wetland systems, including three vertical subsurface flow systems and three horizontal subsurface flow systems were constructed at the sewage treatment plant located in Fakhb, Rasht. From the three systems that were constructed, one system was considered without plants and the other two systems contained Reed and Typha plants.  The wetlands were filled with Gravel in diameter of 5 to 25 mm. To adapt Plants with the cultivation environment and wastewater quality, the plants were irrigated by wastewater about three months. After the three months, the main data collection was done by sampling and checking the performance of the systems. Collecting data was for 9 months. During experiment, the raw wastewater sample was entered into the wetland systems and after the hydraulic retention time (about one month in winter and one week in spring and summer), were sampled from the outlet of the wetlands and the parameter of total dissolved solids measured.

 Calibration and Validation HYDRUS-2D:

In this research, the HYDRUS-2D model was used to simulate the processes governing the movement of water and transport of solutes and its absorption by plants. S-ship model was used to estimate water absorption by Reed and Typha plants. The effective parameters of water movement and transport of solutes, including saturated hydraulic conductivity, longitudinal and transverse dispersivity, and diffusion of the wetland bed, were estimated using the inverse solution method, respectively, using the output flow data and the total dissolved solids of the output wastewater. Statistical indices were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model in the simulation of the purification process in the wetland. The data of days 112, 125, 131, 140, 146 and 152 from the start of the experiment were used for calibration and the data of days 187, 208, 215 and 222 from the start of the experiment were used to validate the wetlands.

Comparison of the saturated water conductivity value estimated by the HYDRUS-2D model with Sheykhan et al.'s research (2019) showed that the model was able to estimate the hydraulic properties of the bed properly. The longitudinal and transverse dispersivity coefficients in the horizontal wetland were found to be almost half of the vertical wetlands, which is in line with the lower saturated water conductivity and as a result, the lower velocity of the wastewater in the pores in these wetlands compared to the vertical wetland. Dispersion coefficient was a more important factor in solute transport than dispersivity coefficients. On average, in vertical wetlands, the model was able to estimate the amount of reduction of total dissolved solids with about 2% less than the values measured in wetlands under plant cultivation, while in the horizontal wetland, this amount was between 3 and 5 percent.

According to the results of statistical indices, the estimated values of the total dissolved solids of the artificial wetland system under Reed cultivation were more consistent with the measured values than other wetlands. The results showed that the model has a suitable ability to simulate the movement of solutes and total dissolved solids, which means that it can be used in the design process of treatment in the wetland.

This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of choice theory-based instruction and clinical supervision for EFL teachers on their students’ autonomy and reading comprehension. To this end, a sample of 30 Iranian EFL teachers, selected based on their willingness to participate, were divided into two groups of 15: one group participated in a choice theory-based instruction program while the other underwent a clinical supervision program. In addition to the teachers, a sample of 445 intermediate EFL learners taught by the teachers participated in the study – 225 learners were taught by the teachers who underwent the choice theory-based instruction while the other 220 learners sat in the classes of the teachers undergoing clinical supervision. The Learner Autonomy Questionnaire (LAQ) was used both as a pretest and posttest to measure the autonomy of the 445 learners before and after they were taught by the 30 teachers. In addition, a sample Preliminary English Test reading paper was administered to the learners prior to their classes (i.e., a general English class instructed through a commonplace task-based procedure) as a pretest and they also took another sample reading test as the posttest. The inferential statistics run in this study comprised two ANCOVAs with the results revealing that the learners being taught by the teachers who underwent the choice theory-based instruction outperformed the learners taught by those teachers who participated in the clinical supervision program in terms of both their autonomy and reading comprehension. The pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed in this paper

Today, one of the critical hidden social harms is sexual violence inflicted on wome by their husbands. Sexual violence in general has a devestating effect on the spirit and psyche of women, hinders their growth and prosperity and triggers a sense of insecurity among women. Hence, the present study was also conducted to investigate the link between social capital and sexual violence among married women in Qazvin city. The main research method is a field survey. The statistical population includes all married women of Qazvin city, among whom n=383 were selected using Cochran’s statistical formula and stratified random sampling method. The data collection was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire. Face validity was used to assess validity of the measurement instrument and Cronbach's alpha technique was adopted to evalaute reliability. The data analysis was also conducte by SPSS software. The results of the correlation test revealed that components of social capital including social commitment, social support and social participation were linearly related to two components of sexual violence (physical violence and psychological violence) and the sexual violence with 99% CI at a significance level of less than 0.01. All of the above relationships were negative and inverse. Moreover, the results of the multivariate regression analysis indicate that variables of the regression model could explain and predict 43% of variance in the dependent variable of sexual violence against women.

Volunteers are valuable resources for sports organizations and many sports organizations cannot survive without them. Therefore, they need a basic and correct management plan. The aim of the current research was to design an architectural model of volunteer forces in sports with a dualistic approach. More specifically, based on the process of the meta-synthesis research method, first, 312 papers were identified by searching the relevant databases. Second, 55 papers were selected by screening the above-mentioned papers. Finally, the model of the study was developed by analyzing the selected papers. Finally, the 4 dimensions of drives (management, organizational, physical, strategic and motivational values), managerial functions (planning, recruitment, selection, familiarization and training, recognition, monitoring and evaluation, and maintenance), The behavior of human resources (individual, group and organizational) and consequences (individual, social, economic and social) were identified. In the division related to Ambidextrous Management of human resources, managerial, organizational, physical components, strategic values, planning, recruitment, selection and selection, familiarization and training, monitoring and evaluation, organizational behavior in the category of empowering actions, motivational component in The category of motivational actions, components of individual behavior, group behavior, individual, organizational and social consequences were included in the category of opportunity-creating actions.

This research aimed to present a model for the competitiveness of selected Iranian knowledge-based companies in the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore, in terms of the goal, it is applied research because, in addition to the awareness and scientific aspect, it will also have a practical element for the relevant organizations. According to the purpose and nature of this research, in terms of method, it was qualitative research conducted by interviewing research experts. The statistical population of the study included Iran's knowledge-based companies, which, according to the classification of the working group for evaluating and recognizing the competence of knowledge-based companies and institutions, the field of electricity and electronics, laser and photonics, were chosen due to their greater dependence on the components of the fourth industrial revolution. The approach of the qualitative part has been grounded in theory. The results showed that the competitiveness model of selected Iranian knowledge-based companies in the fourth industrial revolution includes internal organizational factors, Extra-organizational factors, agility, capable intellectual resources, value chain, innovative services and products, environmental factors, organizational factors, international drivers of the fourth industrial revolution, data challenges in the implementation of technology 04, governance factors in the fourth industrial revolution, industry's relationship with University, increasing information literacy, continuous research and development, identification of technological advantage, capability building, laws appropriate to the characteristics of the fourth industrial revolution, attention to the environment, attention to the market and the needs created by the fourth industrial revolution, determining strategy, investment in technology, survival, and value creation.

Urban social security and social participation in sports interact with each other and have a mutual impact on leisure time and community health. To improve urban and social conditions, it is important to pay serious attention to creating safe environments and promoting social participation in sports activities. Hence, the present study aims to develop a model for the development of leisure time and sports participation with a social security approach.

The research method of the present study is descriptive-correlational in the form of structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all 18+ adults living in the cities of Iran, and the sample size of 450 people was selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, the reliability of which was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91, which was a proper value. The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling and using SPSS and AMOS.

The results of the statistical analysis showed that with 99% confidence, not only is there a positive and significant relationship between urban social security and leisure time, but urban social security is also indirectly related to leisure time and its components by influencing social participation in sports. Based on the empirical findings of the present study, it is suggested that to increase social participation levels in sports and fill leisure time, the necessary surrounding conditions with security and peace, as well as social support, should be provided.

By examining the relationships between the research constructs, the present study provides a framework that increases the tendency to fill leisure time through social participation in sports, by considering strategies for enhancing citizen security.

The main aim of this study was the structural modelling relationship of university social capital, university agility, organizational trust with employees' readiness for change with the mediating role of psychological capital at Shiraz University. The statistical population were all the employees of Shiraz University, who 124 people were selected as the research sample using systematic sampling method. The research tool included five questionnaires of social capital, university agility, organizational trust, psychological capital and readiness for change, which were distributed and collected after calculating validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed the statistical methods of one-sample t-test and multivariate regression. The findings showed that from the point of view of the employees, the state of social capital and employees' readiness for change was less than the desired level and higher than the cut-off point. The agility of the university and the organizational trust of the university were less than the desired level and the cut-off point. The psychological capital of the employees was higher than the desired level and the cut-off point. the structural equation showed: when the variables of social capital, university agility and organizational trust are entered into the structural equation modelling in interaction, social capital loses its direct and indirect predictive power. In addition, even though university agility and organizational trust in interaction with other research variables lose their direct predictive power for employees' readiness for change, but with the mediating role of psychological capital they have indirect predictive power for employees' readiness for change.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic and short-term psychodynamic treatments on the spiritual health of women affected by marital infidelity.

Methods and Materials:

 A quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest-follow-up with a control group was employed. The population included women affected by marital infidelity in Jam city during the first six months of 2022, and the sample consisted of 45 eligible and volunteering individuals who approached a social studies counseling center. These women were initially assessed and selected for the pretest, then randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 per group). The short-term psychodynamic group received 12 sessions and the unified transdiagnostic group underwent 8 sessions of individual therapy, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. After the treatment sessions, a posttest and a two-month follow-up testwere conducted. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982) was used, along with multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 26 to test the hypotheses.

Both treatments were effective in enhancing the spiritual health of women, with the unified transdiagnostic treatment being more effective compared to the short-term psychodynamic therapy, and this effectiveness was sustained over time. (P<.05)

Given the effectiveness and the differences in the impacts of unified transdiagnostic and short-term psychodynamic treatments on the spiritual health of women affected by marital infidelity, it is recommended that these treatments be considered in their counseling.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic and metabolic diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to compare the effects of multiple daily insulin injections against permanent subcutaneous insulin injections on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels in type 2 diabetic patients.

Studies that compared the impacts of multiple daily insulin injections against permanent subcutaneous insulin injections on HbA1C levels and were published until the end of 2022 in international databases were searched and retrieved (nine randomized clinical trial studies). The Chi-squared test and I2 were used to determine the presence and size of heterogeneity.

The results of the analysis demonstrated that compared to the group of multiple daily insulin injections, HbA1C was significantly reduced in the group of permanent subcutaneous insulin injections, so that the standardized mean difference was equal to -0.26 (95% confidence interval: -0.46– -0.06 P=0.025). According to the results of Egger’s (P=0.333) and Begg’s (P=0.667) tests, publication bias was not observed in this study.

Based on the available evidence, permanent subcutaneous injection of insulin could be significantly successful in reducing and controlling the level of HbA1C because the patients in the permanent subcutaneous injection group had lower levels of HbA1C.

Extramarital relationships are one of difficulties and problems that are always considered a threat to spouses and one of the most important family and social harms during life. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in eudaimonic well-being in women affected by marital infidelity. A semi-experimental research method and a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design were used with a control group. The statistical population included all the women affected by marital infidelity in the city of Jam in the first six months of 2022 and the statistical sample consisted of 45 eligible and volunteer affected women who referred to the consulting center of Pazargad Non-Industrial Operations Company. These people were selected after initial evaluation were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy) and a control group (15 people in each group). Then, the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy of 12 sessions and the transdiagnostic treatment unified group of 8 sessions underwent individual treatment, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. After the end of the treatment sessions, a post-test and a follow-up test were conducted after two months. The instrument for measuring was Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (Waterman et al. 2010). Multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS-25 software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy were effective in increasing eudaimonic well-being, and transdiagnostic treatment unified was more effective than intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and this effect is permanent over time (P<05). Transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy therapies are effective in increasing the virtue-oriented well-being of affected women and can be used in their counseling.

In this study, the production of nanocomposite samples was investigated using digital light processing (DLP). First, the effect of the thickness of the printing layer in three values of 50, 75, and 100 micrometers on the tensile properties of neat and composite resin samples as well as the printing time was investigated. Next, by adding different amounts of aluminum oxide nanopowder with a particle size of 50 nm to the resin, the effect of different percentages of nanopowder on the mechanical properties of the samples, including tensile strength and wear resistance, was investigated. The results showed that samples with less layer thickness have better strength than samples with more layer thickness. By reducing the thickness of the layer from 100 to 75 and 50 micrometers, the tensile strength in neat samples increases by 4 and 8.55%, respectively. Also, with the increase of alumina up to 2% by weight, the tensile strength first decreases, and then with the continued increase in the number of reinforcing particles, the tensile strength improves, so that finally, with 8% by weight of alumina, the tensile strength shows an increase of nearly 16% compared to the neat resin sample. . In addition, with the increase in the weight percentage of alumina in the nanocomposite, the wear resistance first weakens and then improves, and finally (similar to the tensile strength) at 8 weight percent of reinforcing particles, the specific wear rate decreases by nearly 67% compared to the neat resin sample.

Background and Heavy metals are among the most critical contaminants in drinking water, owing to their stability and accumulation capability in living tissues and the food chain. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment indices for heavy metals in the water sources of Torbat-e Jam City in 2023. Samples were collected from 16 groundwater sources and the surrounding soil of Torbat-e Jam City during the summer and autumn of 2023. Concentrations of five heavy metals - arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, and copper - were measured using a Varian atomic absorption spectrometer. Finally, the health risk levels for three different groups were calculated using indices provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States. The average concentrations of heavy metals in water during summer were as follows: arsenic: 0.0027 ± 0.0035 mg/L, mercury: 0.00019 ± 0.00035 mg/L, lead: 0.0011 ± 0.0023 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.0002 mg/L, and copper: 0.0046 ± 0.0078 mg/L. In autumn, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.0082 ± 0.0081 mg/L, mercury: 0.0018 ± 0.0008 mg/L, lead: 0.0056 ± 0.0058 mg/L, cadmium: 0.00084 ± 0.00083 mg/L, and copper: 0.0091 ± 0.0068 mg/L. In soil, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.011 ± 0.053 mg/L, mercury: 0.0086 ± 0.0068 mg/L, lead: 0.131 ± 0.186 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.00047 mg/L, and copper: 0.12 ± 0.24 mg/L. The study found the non-carcinogenic risk levels of the examined heavy metals to be low. However, the carcinogenic risk level for arsenic was very high in both seasons, for cadmium was moderate in autumn, and for the other elements, it was within the standard limits. Given the high carcinogenic risk of arsenic for women, men, and children in both summer and autumn, continuous monitoring of arsenic levels should be a priority for regulatory agencies.

Hadiths of the innocents (pbuh) contain medical data and a wide variety of topics related to the health of the human body, and a significant amount of them are about the prevention of diseases. Benefiting from medical hadiths, like any collection of information, requires accurate recognition, organization and categorization by relying on the relationships between variables rather than by analytically comparing their similarities, differences, properties, etc. be identified and applied. According to this statement, the question is, which species are there in the medical hadiths of Imam Reza (a.s.)? This research with a descriptive-analytical method in the statistical community of the narrations of Imam Reza (a.s.) in the field of disease prevention, from the medical encyclopedia of Mohammadi Rohimari, which facilitated their study by collecting medical narrations, as well as Jame-al-Ahadith software. It is written to find first-hand sources in the citation The result is that these narrations are classified into three types: "names of diseases, medicines and instructions", "properties of substances and instructions" and "maintaining body health without the name of a specific disease"; Their ratio with the total narratives of the statistical population was measured under each species and presented in the results table.

This study examines the factors affecting the model that is presented for the competitiveness of selected knowledge-based companies in the fourth industrial revolution. 23 components were identified and categorized into six factors: causal, contextual, intervening, central phenomenon, strategies and measures, and consequences. Using these components, a questionnaire was designed to determine the current status of selected knowledge-based companies in Iran, and a total of 127 completed questionnaires were collected from 197 knowledge-based manufacturing companies of the first type in the field of electricity and electronics, laser and photonics in the country. was done to examine the current state of the model components. The data was analyzed with SPSS and PLS software. In the analysis carried out, the coefficients of factor loadings of the components are more than 0.4, which shows the appropriateness of this model. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability is more than 0.7, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the model. Construct validity, convergent validity and divergent validity also had favorable results. The results showed that all the components in the presented model for the competitiveness of selected knowledge-based companies in the fourth industrial revolution played a role, and the current state of all factors except the causal factor, which is in an average state, are in a favorable state.